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Video Games – Task 2

  1. The video game industry is continuing to grow and grow due to high engagement, leading to large financial returns for investors (this can be seen with the developer Take-Two having a 60% share price increase in 12 months).

2. Esports is the phrase used for competitions based around video games, usually multiplayer ones. They offer monetary prizes for those that win against other teams. The competitions themselves pull in higher numbers of viewers than some mainstream sport events.

3. New technological developments have meant that consumers can get games through digital stores and can play games on their mobile phones as opposed to buying a console. Additionally, cloud gaming allows consumers to play games without actually downloading anything, through the form of streaming.

4. FPS = First Person Shooter (a game centred on gun combat where the players see things from the POV of the characters) MMORPG = massively multiplayer online role-playing game (any story-driven online video game in which a player, taking on the persona of a character in a virtual or fantasy world, interacts with other players)

Video Games – Task 1

Bandura stated that the media can implant ideas directly into the minds of the audience, and that they are likely to mimic what they consume.

Jenkins, on the other hand, believes that audiences see themselves as participants in relation to media consumption, and can have conversations about or challenge what they see, and can make media themselves as opposed to simply consuming it.

Shirky stated that there is no longer any such thing as a passive audiences, hence the rise in popularity of the internet. Because the internet can hold conversations around different types of media through the likes of social media, products like newspapers, films and magazines are becoming more digital.

Because Bandura conducted his tests in the 1960s, long before the internet existed, he did not have the proof of audiences actively challenging the media, hence why he came to the conclusion that they instead simply consume and allow it to influence their behaviour.

Video Games – Starter

Active Audience – audiences who engage, interpret and respond to media texts in different ways and can challenge encoded ideas (e.g. discussing the media products with other audiences).

Passive Audience – audiences that are more likely to accept encoded messages and therefore be directly influenced/affected by them (e.g. simply consuming media then moving on).

Magazine Cover Statement of Intent

I intend to produce a cover for an independent arts and entertainment magazine, while also taking inspiration from mainstream magazines like GQ and Entertainment Weekly, titled ‘Unwrapped’ aimed at a mixed gender audience ranging from the ages of 16-30.  

I plan to do this by featuring a male cover star, but featuring cover lines that may interest a female audience too. My intention is to have one singular cover image of a teenage boy, who will be an up-and-coming actor and holding a prop in each hand, looking at one of them in the process. The lack of direct address in the image creates a distancing effect between the reader and the cover star. The props will suggest the different roles the actor may have played in the past, suggesting he may have a pre-established fanbase. In terms of clothes, he will wear everyday, casual clothing in order to link to the personal identity aspect of the Uses and Gratifications theory, as readers may see themselves in the cover star. For the background, he will be stood in front of an empty blue surrounding, as many magazine cover images have no imagery behind their cover star.  

The main cover line will refer to him as “leading the next generation of stars” reinforcing both his youth and profession. In terms of audience diversion, a cover line will feature a pull quote like “Exclusive first look” in relation to a new fictional film titled ‘Hidden’. This quote will be inside of a circle shape, to emphasise the point that the material can only be seen in that specific magazine. Another cover line will be about a celebrity answering questions asked by readers, connoting both personal relationships and surveillance (also suggested to audience by the title of the magazine implying there’s something more they haven’t seen). The themes of the cover lines will consist of films, music, and sports for the purpose of making the magazine as diverse as possible in relation to its subjects. Additionally, one of the cover topics will be a ‘disaster’ at an Awards Show. This cover line remains quite ambiguous and therefore could be interpreted as comedic or serious by readers.  

The fonts for the masthead and cover lines will be simplistic and bold, making them easy to read. The magazine will also include a dateline (detailing the month of publication), price (£3.99) and selling line (‘All You Need To Know’), as well as a standard bar code which appears on most print magazines. The title, dateline, price and selling line will be in grey as opposed to the cover lines being in black, to differentiate the two clearly without completely altering the appearance of the text. A wave effect will be added to the masthead so that it is distinct and identifiable. The simplistic overall look of the cover can maximise audiences, as it doesn’t come across as limited to one group of people.  

I intend to produce a cover for an independent arts and entertainment magazine, while also taking inspiration from mainstream magazines like GQ and Entertainment Weekly, titled ‘Unwrapped’ aimed at a mixed gender audience ranging from the ages of 16-30.  

I plan to do this by featuring a male cover star, but featuring cover lines that may interest a female audience too. My intention is to have one singular cover image of a teenage boy, who will be an up-and-coming actor and holding a prop in each hand, looking at one of them in the process. The lack of direct address in the image creates a distancing effect between the reader and the cover star. The props will suggest the different roles the actor may have played in the past, suggesting he may have a pre-established fanbase. In terms of clothes, he will wear everyday, casual clothing in order to link to the personal identity aspect of the Uses and Gratifications theory, as readers may see themselves in the cover star. For the background, he will be stood in front of an empty blue surrounding, as many magazine cover images have no imagery behind their cover star.  

The main cover line will refer to him as “leading the next generation of stars” reinforcing both his youth and profession. In terms of audience diversion, a cover line will feature a pull quote like “Exclusive first look” in relation to a new fictional film titled ‘Hidden’. This quote will be inside of a circle shape, to emphasise the point that the material can only be seen in that specific magazine. Another cover line will be about a celebrity answering questions asked by readers, connoting both personal relationships and surveillance (also suggested to audience by the title of the magazine implying there’s something more they haven’t seen). The themes of the cover lines will consist of films, music, and sports for the purpose of making the magazine as diverse as possible in relation to its subjects. Additionally, one of the cover topics will be a ‘disaster’ at an Awards Show. This cover line remains quite ambiguous and therefore could be interpreted as comedic or serious by readers.  

The fonts for the masthead and cover lines will be simplistic and bold, making them easy to read. The magazine will also include a dateline (detailing the month of publication), price (£3.99) and selling line (‘All You Need To Know’), as well as a standard bar code which appears on most print magazines. The title, dateline, price and selling line will be in grey as opposed to the cover lines being in black, to differentiate the two clearly without completely altering the appearance of the text. A wave effect will be added to the masthead so that it is distinct and identifiable. The simplistic overall look of the cover can maximise audiences, as it doesn’t come across as limited to one group of people.  

Statement of Intent

I am going to create two promotional film posters and three Instagram posts for a coming-of-age dramedy film about an aspiring teenage drummer from an urban city/town. The posters are intended to be posted on the GQ website; therefore, the primary audience will be teenage males aged between 16 and 40 that are interested in music, including those who are familiar with using instruments.

The posters will depict the film’s protagonist surrounded by colourful, eye-catching backgrounds, one with him putting headphones on and the other presenting a low angle of him holding and looking at drumsticks. For media language, the title and release date of the film will take up large amounts of poster space, making it clear to audiences what is being advertised. Additionally, a variety of positive reviews from well-known publications, film credits and a reference to the director of the film (establishing star power) will be featured. The Instagram posts would take a more basic approach of applying text (such as the title, release date and positive reviews) to images that appear to be stills from the film itself. In these images, the subject would be seen standing and sitting around exterior areas, reinforcing the setting. The images used will feature both smiles but also a more neutral, ambiguous facial expression, connoting that the film will have dramatic elements combined with the pre-constructed upbeat tone.

In terms of VALs, the potential audience for my film poster would be ‘achievers’ and ‘seekers.’ The posters and Instagram posts suggest that the film has just one main protagonist, who is seen throughout all 5 pieces. This links to the idea that seekers are interested in individuality and self-discovery. Musical items, such as drumsticks and headphones, are present in the images, which would gain the attention of achievers, as the character is perhaps working hard in order to achieve something related to music.

According to the ‘Uses and Gratifications’ theory, audiences for the posters and posts may be provided with diversion through the aspirational themes of success and working towards a goal, as the narrative may allow them to escape from their real lives and become immersed in the story of the young musician. They may also relate their personal identity to the film’s advertising campaign, perhaps if they are of a similar age or have similar interests to the main character. Having the character live in an urban area may also allow for audiences to see themselves in the promotional material. Lastly, including the name of the director may establish a sense of personal relationship between him and the audience, especially if they are already familiar with his work.

The posters will counter stereotypes in relation to representation of males. A common expectation in media products is for men to not show emotion, which will be challenged in my products by emphasising facial expressions to connote how the musician is feeling in the images. Additionally, the protagonist isn’t presented as being unrealistically powerful as men often are in media products.

Liberal theory of press and media as watchdog

The market-based press is loyal to only the public. It acts as a ‘watchdog’, prepared to hold the government accountable for any wrongdoing in order to keep the public informed.

This allows the public to form opinions of their own, especially during the likes of election time. Public opinion is then issued to those in power by the press.

Autonomy allows the press to provide readers with information about the government that may not act in it’s favour, without any consequences.

Examples of ‘watchdog’ articles in the Guardian and Daily Mail:

The Guardian

The Daily Mail