Media language

1. Intertextuality= when one text references another to create deeper meaning.
2. Anchorage= how a text helps clarify the meaning of an image.
3. Ideology= how beliefs and ideas shape how individuals perceive and interpret the world
4. Paradigm= a set of signs that belong to the same category and can replace each other to change meaning.
5. Syntagm= The arrangement of signs to create a specific meaning
6. Diegesis= fictional world of a story
7. Quest narrative= Stories structure where the protagonist overcomes a challenge.
8. Causality= relationship between events where one causes the other to happen
9. Master plot= recurring narrative structure that appears across various genres. Less risk- familiarity
10. Genres of order= Involve conflict and resolution through action. (Thomas Schatz)
11. Genre of integration= Social relationships and emotional connections e.g rom coms
12. Mytheme= a key element of narrative structure from which myths are created.
13. Ideological reading= uncovering media texts to reveal beliefs and ideologies it conveys
14. Pastiche= when a media text mixes styles or borrows from others without mocking them.
15. Bricolage= creating something new by combining existing pieces.
16. Implosion= Implosion is when boundaries blur, like between reality and media representations.
17. Simulacra= copies of things that no longer have an original version.
18. Simulation= when representations are treated as reality.
19. Hyperreality= the line between real life and simulation is blurry.

Media Representation

1. Dominant ideology= main set of beliefs and values promoted by those in power.
2. Constructed reality= A version of reality created and shaped by media.
3. Hegemony= The dominance of one group’s ideas making them seem acceptable.
4. Fluiditiy of identitiy= identity is not fixed but constantly evolving
5. Constructed identity= how identity is formed through social cultural and media influences
6. Negotiated identity= balance between who an individual is and what society expects from them
7. Collective identity= shared identity of a group e.g with similar values and beliefs
8. Voyeurism= watching others, often without their consent, for personal pleasure or interest.
9. Raunch culture= objectifying individuals, especially women
10. Female gaze= Media created from a woman’s perspective, highlighting female experiences and viewpoints.
11. Gender as discourse= Ideas about gender are created and shaped through communication and media.
12. Subversion= Challenging norms can disrupt traditional views of gender.
13. Cultural imperialism= Dominance of one culture over others through media and institutions.
14. Multiculturalism= A celebration of diverse cultures living together.
15. Imagined communities= A sense of belonging to a group created through shared media and ideas.
16. Marginalisation= Pushing certain groups to the edges of society or media representation.
17. Orientalism= Stereotyping Eastern cultures as exotic, backward, or other.
18. Otherness (alterity)= Viewing certain groups as different or inferior to a dominant group.
19. Double consciousness= Feeling divided between two identities, like being both Black and British.
20. Diaspora= Groups of people who leave their homeland and mix cultures to form new identities.
21. Free market = An economic system where prices and production are determined by competition between privately owned businesses.
22. Media concentration = The ownership of multiple media outlets by a small number of large companies.
23. Neo-liberalism = A political approach that supports free markets and less government control.

Media audience

1. Cumulation = The repeated exposure to media messages over time.
2. Standardisation = The process of making things uniform or similar.
3. Enculturation = The gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture.
4. Bardic function = Media acts as a storyteller, shaping cultural narratives.
5. Mean World Index = The belief that the world is more dangerous than it actually is, due to media exposure.
6. Prosumer = A consumer who also produces content.
7. Textual poaching = Fans creatively reinterpret and repurpose media content.
8. ‘We the media’ = The idea that ordinary people can create and share media content.
9. Web 2.0 = The second generation of the internet, focused on user-generated content and interactivity.
10. Mass amateurisation = The rise of amateur content creators due to accessible technology.
11. Cognitive surplus = The collective time and creativity of people, used to create and share media content.