←
- Icon – Sign that physically resembles what it signifies
- Index – Sign that has a direct, causal relationship with what it signifies.
- Paradigm – Sets of signs from which one is chosen to convey meaning
- Syntagm – The structure or order in which elements are combined.
- Diegesis – Fictional world in which the narrative takes place.
- ‘Genre as cultural category’ – Genres are not just textual features but cultural constructs shaped by audiences.
- Mytheme – Mythemes combine to form myths or stories.
- Cultural codes – Systems of meaning that are understood and shared by a particular culture.
- Intertextuality – The way in which texts refer to or draw on other texts, creating a network of meaning through references.
- Implosion – The collapse of boundaries between reality and representation.
- Simulacra – A representation or imitation of a person or thing.
- Hegemony – The dominance of one social group over others, maintained through ideology rather than force.
- Intersectionality – Concept that examines how various social identities (like race, gender, sexuality, and class) intersect.
- Orientalism – A concept by Edward Said that critiques how Western cultures represent Eastern societies as exotic, backward, or uncivilized.
- Cumulation – The process by which repeated messages or representations accumulate over time, reinforcing a particular idea or ideology.
- Enculturation – The process through which individuals learn and adopt the values and norms of their culture.
- Bardic function – The role media plays in maintaining and disseminating dominant social values.
