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Narrative, Television

Television CSP – Revision

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Key Words/Ideas:

  • PSB
  • Horizontal/Vertical Integration
  • Identity (Constructed, Collective, Fluid) David Gauntlett
  • Preferred Reading
  • Encoding and Decoding
  • Diversity
  • Jurgan Habermas – Transformation of the Public Sphere
  • Personal Needs (Escapism) – Uses and Gratifications, Bloomer and Katz
  • BBC
  • Marginalisation

No Offence

  • No Offence was produced by ‘AbbotVision’ and created by Paul Abbot.
  •  The show was first broadcast on Channel 4 in 2015. It acquired over 2.5 million viewers. This was Channel 4’s biggest launch of a mid-week drama in over 3 years. It ran for 3 series, finishing in 2018.
  • Channel 4 is publicly owned (owned by the state) and commercially funded (funded through advertisements).
  • From Channel 4’s website; “Channel 4 was created to be a disruptive, innovative force in UK broadcasting.” “We have a unique public service remit to represent unheard voices.”
  • No Offence was broadcast on ‘France2’, the public service broadcaster. It is part of the state-owned France Télévisions group. The show was first broadcast in February 2016, with 5.46 million viewers.
  • The shows creator ‘Paul Abbott’ said, in a 2017 guardian article, said that his previous project Shameless “Became too hysterical. I was glad to see it off”.
  • (Steve Neale) No Offence uses the same genre conventions of Shameless, being a ‘skittish’ show which provides its comedy elements through ‘profane anecdotes’ and ‘rat-a-tat laughter’. Linking to how creatives stick to the same or similar conventions as a way of building up a loyal fan base who will continue to watch and consume
  • Contains all of the codes and conventions of a police drama —> Caution tape, missing people, sirens.
  • Many different narrative strands that help move the main plot line along. Example: The elderly woman accusing her grandson, Down syndrome man talking about his relationship.
  • Perhaps the appeal to an international audience is a deliberate strategy. Not only representing the working class British area of Manchester, the programme represents the polish community in the UK through the female protagonist being from a Polish background and also the use of the language. These identities are also used as a selling point internationally through the appeal of difference.
  • Social Realist films = Films that emphasise the link between location and identity.
  • National style but is also popular in Europe

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TV CSP

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Witnesses S1 E1

episode 1

Summary: In northern France, graves are desecrated, and dead bodies have been dug up and left in show homes. Around the bodies are family photos, one of Paul Maisonneuve, a legend of the northern France police force, who will be forced to return to duty.

French Public Service Broadcaster: France 2

Distributed in the US, Australia, and Europe

UK viewing figures: 1.01 million

Director: Hervé Hadmar

The Missing S2 E1

"Come Home"

Summary: In 2003 Alice Webster is abducted in Germany, where her father is stationed on a British Army base. In 2014, just before Christmas, a barefoot and traumatised Alice re-appears in the same town, suffering from acute appendicitis. She claims that she was held captive with a French girl, Sophie Giroux, who went missing around the same time. Retired French detective Julien Baptiste, an expert on the Giroux case, investigates. He suspects that she may not be Alice.

UK viewing figures: 9.20

Director: Ben Chanan

On Rotten Tomatoes, the second series has earned a “Certified Fresh” score of 100%, with an average rating of 8.55/10 out of 15 reviews.

Language

Media form – TV

Moving Image

Genre / Type – Crime Drama

Steve Neale ‘Corpus’ ‘repertoire’ + elements

Similarities + differences

Levi – Strauss

‘Enigma’ – Bartes

Todorov / Freytag pyramid

Audiences

Exposition

End – cliff hanger

Propp

  • Victim
  • Princess
  • Hero

Production

David Hesmondhalgh states that media is a ‘risky business, so to reduce risk The Missing and Witnesses use well-known plot devices and tropes which appeal to a wide audience.

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paper 2 revision

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Stuart halls reception theory:

ENCODING AND DECODING:

His reception theory describes how produces use various signs to encode a programmes meaning, according to ideologies and resources, which is then decoded by the viewers, which is decoded by the viewers, who have their own framework of knowledge

Application: BBC is a public service broadcaster that is heavily dependant on license fee money in order to support its output

it is regulated by Ofcom and it needs to fulfil certain obligations, promoting education and learning, the news programmes are supposed to offer an unbiased look at the main stories of the day

the relations of production refer to the different crews involved in the programme. Hall is drawing our attention to how messages are encoded by the producer , newscaster, content editor, camera operator and other technicians who help to broadcast it

clay shirky end of audience:

clay shirky argued audience behaviour has progressed from the active consumption of media texts to a much more interactive experience with the product of each other.

new technologies and social media has made us connecting and collaborating incredibly

Passive audience:

Broadcast media used to deliver their products to their mass audiences to those who were mostly disconnected

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EXAM STRUCTURE

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Paper One

QuestionAssessment
01UNSEEN PRODUCT: Semiotics, Representation, Language (8)
02UNSEEN PRODUCT + CSP: Semiotics, Representation, Language (12)
03CONTEXT + CSP: Representation, Language (9)
04THEORY + CSP: Representation, Language (20)
05.1MULTIPLE CHOICE (TERMINOLOGY): Industries, Audience (3)
05.2DEFINE (THEORY/TERMINOLOGY): Industries, Audience (3)
06CONTEXT + CSP: Industries, Audience (9)
07STATEMENT (ARGUMENT) + CSP: Industries, Audience (20)

Paper Two

QuestionAssessment
01UNSEEN PRODUCT (WITH KEY CONCEPT): Semiotics, Language (9)
02CSP + THEORY: Language, Representation, Audience, Institution (25)
03STATEMENT (ARGUEMENT) + CSP: Language, Representation, Audience, Institution (25)
04STATEMENT (ARGUEMENT) + CSP: Language, Representation, Audience, Institution (25)

Past Questions – Paper 1

CSP Past Questions
Score (Paper 1, Section A)– ‘How useful is Stuart Hall’s theory of encoding and decoding in analysing the meaning of the Score hair cream CSP?’

– “Judith Butler describes gender as an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of box
acts”. In other words it is something learnt through repeated performance.
How useful is this idea in understanding how gender is represented in marketing and advertising products? Refer in detail to the Close Study Products Maybelline ‘That Boss Life part 1’ and the Score hair cream advert.’

– Explain how representations of power within media products reflect their social and cultural contexts.
You should refer to the Close Study Product Score and Figure 1 to support your answer.

– How valid are Baudrillard’s ideas of simulation and hyperreality to understanding the media?
You should refer to the Close Study Products Score and Maybelline to support your answer.

– To what extent can the Score advert be seen as an example of the male gaze?

-Explain how representations of stereotypes within media products reflect their social and historical contexts. You should refer to the Close Study Product Score and Figure 1 to support your
answer.
Maybelline (Paper 1, Section A)– ‘How do representations of gender reflect contemporary social and cultural contexts?’

– “Judith Butler describes gender as an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of box
acts”. In other words it is something learnt through repeated performance.
How useful is this idea in understanding how gender is represented in marketing and advertising products? Refer in detail to the Close Study Products Maybelline ‘That Boss Life part 1’ and the Score hair cream advert.’

– How valid are Baudrillard’s ideas of simulation and hyperreality to understanding the media?
You should refer to the Close Study Products Score and Maybelline to support your answer.

– To what extent does the Close Study Product Maybelline ‘That Boss Life part 1’ use cultural codes to reflect society’s values.
Ghost Town (Paper 1, Section A)– ‘Paul Gilroy has identified the emergence of a Black Atlantic culture. He argues that the themes and techniques go beyond ethnicity and nationality to produce something new. How valid is Gilroy’s argument? You should refer to your music video Close Study Products, Ghost Town and Letter to the Free.’

– Explain how economic and political contexts influence the ways in which media products represent reality. You should refer to the Close Study Product Ghost Town and Figure 1 to support your answer.
Letter to the Free (Paper 1, Section A)– “Paul Gilroy has identified the emergence of a Black Atlantic culture. He argues that the themes and techniques go beyond ethnicity and nationality to produce something new.” How valid is Gilroy’s argument? You should refer to your music video Close Study Products, Ghost Town and Letter to the Free.

– Explain how representations of musical artists and their work communicate information about their cultural and political contexts. Your answer should refer to Figure 1 and the Close Study Product, Common’s Letter to the Free.

– To what extent is Common’s Letter to the Free ideological?

– Steve Neale’s summary of genre theory includes consideration of ideas such as sub-genre, hybridity and ‘genre as cultural category’. How valid are Neale’s ideas when analysing media products? You should refer to the music video Close Study Product Letter to the Free.

– Paul Gilroy claims that ethnic identity is a product of Double Consciousness. How valid is this claim? You should refer to the Close Study Product Letter to the
Free in your response.

Blinded by the Light (Paper 1, Section B)– Explain how low-budget British films are marketed and distributed to global audiences. You should refer to the Close Study Product Blinded by the Light to support your answer.
The Daily Mail (Paper 1, Section B)– “Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs.”
To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world? You should refer to your newspaper Close Study Products, The i and The Daily Mail.’

– Explain how newspapers respond to and shape contemporary social and cultural contexts.
You should refer to the Close Study Product the Daily Mail to support your answer.
The i (Paper 1, Section B)– “Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs.” To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world? You should refer to your newspaper Close Study Products, The i and The Daily Mail.
War of the Worlds (Paper 1, Section B)– “Media audiences always respond to media products in the way that producers intended.”
To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your answer, refer to your Close Study Products War of the Worlds (1938) and Newsbeat (BBC Radio 1).

– Explain how historical contexts influence how audiences respond to media products. You should refer to the Close Study Product The War of the Worlds to support your answer.

– “The relationship between producers and audiences has changed over time.” How far do you agree with this statement? You should refer to the Close Study
Products War of the Worlds and Newsbeat to support your answer.
Newsbeat (Paper 1, Section B)– “Media audiences always respond to media products in the way that producers intended.”
To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your answer, refer to your Close Study Products War of the Worlds (1938) and Newsbeat (BBC Radio 1).

– “The relationship between producers and audiences has changed over time.” How far do you agree with this statement? You should refer to the Close Study
Products War of the Worlds and Newsbeat to support your answer.

Past Questions – Paper 2

CSPPast Questions
No Offence (Paper 2)

– Cultivation theory argues that TV viewing had long term effects on the audience which were gradual but significant. How valid do you find the claims made by cultivation theory about audience
response? You should refer to the Television Close Study Products.

– To what extent do television producers attempt to target national and global audiences box through subject matter and distribution? Refer to both of your television Close Study Products to support your answer

– Hall’s theory of encoding and decoding argues that audiences do not simply accept the message encoded in a media product, but are involved in a negotiation with the producer in order to create meaning. How valid is Hall’s theory in explaining the relationship between the producer and the
audience of TV programmes? You should refer to both of your television Close Study Products to support your answer

– To what extent do media products suggest that society has gender equality? You should refer to both of your television Close Study Products to support
your answer
The Killing (Paper 2)– Cultivation theory argues that TV viewing had long term effects on the audience which were gradual but significant. How valid do you find the claims made by cultivation theory about audience
response? You should refer to the Television Close Study Products.

– To what extent do television producers attempt to target national and global audiences box through subject matter and distribution? Refer to both of your television Close Study Products to support your answer

– Hall’s theory of encoding and decoding argues that audiences do not simply accept the message encoded in a media product, but are involved in a negotiation with the producer in order to create meaning. How valid is Hall’s theory in explaining the relationship between the producer and the
audience of TV programmes? You should refer to both of your television Close Study Products to support your answer

– To what extent do media products suggest that society has gender equality? You should refer to both of your television Close Study Products to support
your answer
Teen Vogue (Paper 2)– Media products are shaped by the economic and political contexts in which they are created. To what extent does an analysis of your online, social and participatory Close Study Products (The Voice and Teen Vogue) support this view?

– Media producers must respond to changing social and cultural contexts to maintain audiences. To what extent does an analysis of the online Close Study Products The Voice and Teen Vogue support this view?
The Voice (Paper 2)– Media products are shaped by the economic and political contexts in which they are created. To what extent does an analysis of your online, social and participatory Close Study Products (The Voice and Teen Vogue) support this view?

– Media producers must respond to changing social and cultural contexts to maintain audiences. To what extent does an analysis of the online Close Study Products The Voice and Teen Vogue support this view?
Metroid: Prime 2 Echoes (Paper 2)– To what extent do video game makers target audiences through changing representations?
Refer to Close study products Tomb Raider Anniversary and Metroid Prime 2 Echoes to support your answer

– Media effects theories argue that the media has the power to shape the audience’s box thoughts and behaviour. How valid do you find the claims made by effects theories? You should refer to two of the
Close Study Products (Tomb Raider Anniversary, Metroid: Prime 2 Echoes, Sims Freeplay) in your answer

-The target audiences for video games change because of the historical and economic contexts in which they are produced. To what extent does an analysis of the Close Study Products Tomb Raider:
Anniversary and The Sims FreePlay support this statement?
Tomb Raider Anniversary (Paper 2)– To what extent do video game makers target audiences through changing representations?
Refer to Close study products Tomb Raider Anniversary and Metroid Prime 2 Echoes to support your answer

– Media effects theories argue that the media has the power to shape the audience’s box thoughts and behaviour. How valid do you find the claims made by effects theories? You should refer to two of the
Close Study Products (Tomb Raider Anniversary, Metroid: Prime 2 Echoes, Sims Freeplay) in your answer

– The target audiences for video games change because of the historical and economic contexts in which they are produced. To what extent does an analysis of the Close Study Products Tomb Raider:
Anniversary and The Sims FreePlay support this statement?
The Sims Freeplay (Paper 2)– Media effects theories argue that the media has the power to shape the audience’s box thoughts and behaviour. How valid do you find the claims made by effects theories? You should refer to two of the
Close Study Products (Tomb Raider Anniversary, Metroid: Prime 2 Echoes, Sims Freeplay) in your answer

– The target audiences for video games change because of the historical and economic contexts in which they are produced. To what extent does an analysis of the Close Study Products Tomb Raider:
Anniversary and The Sims FreePlay support this statement?
Men’s Health (Paper 2)– Media products often challenge the social and cultural contexts in which they are created. To what extent does an analysis of the Close Study Products (Men’s Health, Oh Comely) support this view?

– In a digital world, print magazines have little appeal.
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
You should refer to the magazine Close Study Products Oh Comely and Men’s Health to support your answer.

– Postcolonial theory suggests that media representations are shaped by the racial and
ethnic hierarchies that still exist in society. How valid is postcolonial theory in explaining the representations in magazines? You should refer to the magazine Close Study Products Oh Comely and Men’s Health
in your answer.
Oh Comely (Paper 2)– Media products often challenge the social and cultural contexts in which they are created. To what extent does an analysis of the Close Study Products (Men’s Health, Oh Comely) support this view?

– In a digital world, print magazines have little appeal.
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
You should refer to the magazine Close Study Products Oh Comely and Men’s Health to support your answer.

– Postcolonial theory suggests that media representations are shaped by the racial and
ethnic hierarchies that still exist in society. How valid is postcolonial theory in explaining the representations in magazines? You should refer to the magazine Close Study Products Oh Comely and Men’s Health
in your answer.
Notes, Revision

Revision

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media studies website – all info from this

Themes

Television – Deutschland 83 + Capital – Media Language Media Representations Media Industries Media Audiences – Social, political, economic, cultural PAPER 2

Radio – Newsbeat + War of the Worlds – Media Industries Media Audiences – Historical, social, political, cultural PAPER 1

Video Game – Tomb Raider + Metroid + Sims FreePlay – Media Language Media Representations Media Industries Media Audiences – Social, cultural PAPER 2

Advertisements – Maybelline (That Boss Life) + Score – Media Language Media Representations – Historical, social, cultural PAPER 1

Newspaper – The Daily Mail + The i – Media Industries Media Audiences – Social, political, economic, cultural PAPER 1

Magazine – Oh Comely + Men’s Health – Media Language Media Representations Media Industries Media Audiences – Social, cultural PAPER 2

Online news sites – The Voice + Teen Vogue – Media Language Media Representations Media Industries Media Audiences – Social, political, economic, cultural PAPER 2

Music Video – Letter to the Free + Ghost Town – Media Language Media Representations – Historical, social, political, economic, cultural PAPER 1

Film – Blinded by the Light – Media Industries – Social, economic, cultural PAPER 1

Theorists

semiotics

Sassure

Barthes

Pierce

Baudrillard

narrative

Propp

Todorov

representation

Gauntlett

Gilroy

Van Zoonen

Male Gaze – Laura Mulvey

bell hooks – hooks was born Gloria Jean Watkins, she chose her pen name to honor her late grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks. But, hooks said she preferred to have her first and last name written with all lowercase letters, to focus on her message rather than herself.

Gauntlett

Butler

industries

Hesmondhalgh

audience

Lasswell

Lazarsfeld

Gerbner

Hall

Maslow

Jenkins

Key words

Semiotics

Binary Opposition

Uses and Grats

Moral Panic

Intertextuality

Vertical Integration – When a single company owns most of the chain of production for media text.

Horizontal Integration – A company buys a competitor in the same sector.

Pages: 1 2
Exam Prep

Media Revision 🤞😉

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2 – Specification key words

3 – Lara Croft

4 – Metroid

5 – Maybelline “that boss life”

6 – Score

7 – Blinded by the light

8 – Ghost town

9 – Letter to the free

10- The missing

11- Witnesses

12 – The I

13 – The daily mail

14 – Men’s health

15 – Oh, comely

16 – The Voice

17 – Teen Vogue

18 – Sims Freeplay

19 – Newsbeat

20 – War of the worlds

21 – Theorists

22 – Extra curricular theories

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Ghost Town, Revision

Ghost Town revisit

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ghost town

Antonio Gramsci

Key Terms:
● Hegemonic: dominant, ruling-class, power-holders
● Hegemonic culture: the dominant culture
● Cultural hegemony: power, rule, or domination maintained by ideological and cultural means.
● Ideology: worldview – beliefs, assumptions and values

When writing in the 1930s Gramsci researched why so many people followed and believed in fascist Germany.

It became the idea about hegemony, where more powerful people would change peoples views and imbedded their own political views deep into their culture as the easiest way to make someone believe in such extreme views is to access their emotional and mental state and to get them to truly believe in what they are told, which is done through this hegemony. —–>

  • Cultural hegemony functions by framing the ideologies of the dominant social group as the only legitimate
    ideology
  • The ideologies of the dominant group are expressed and maintained through its economic, political, moral,
    and social institutions (like the education system and the media).
  • As a result, oppressed groups believe that the social and economic conditions of society are natural and
    inevitable, rather than created by the dominant group.

Do you remember the good old days before the Ghost Town? – Magazine

Context:

  • The Specials, a band of the immediate post-punk period.
  • It was a track which bottled the discord, racial tensions and societal breakdown happening in the UK that summer.
  • GT music video was directed by Barney Bubbles
  • Day before GT reached no1, Britain erupted:
  • Had been riots in Brixton the previous month, sparked by a new police stop-and-search policy named Operation Swamp 81 after Margaret Thatcher‘s 1978 assertion that the UK ‘might be rather swamped by people of a different culture‘:
  • 943 people – majority black – were stopped by plainclothes officers in 6 days.

The music video as said by Horace Panter: an original Special

  • I think the music video works (a) ‘because it was done in the middle of the night with all the brooding and menace that comes with the dark.
  • (b) ‘when dawn finally broke and we drove through the City district, there was nobody else around. The political/social context of the song didn’t really materialise until the Brixton/Toxteth/Handsworth riots in July 1981, by which time the song was No.1 in the singles charts.
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CSP | The Daily Mail

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MONDAY, JUNE 6, 2022


Daily
Mail		Media Industries
Media Audiences		Social
Political
Economic
Cultural		Paper 1
Section B

The Daily Mail, launched in 1896 by Lord Northcliffe, is an award-winning newspaper that aims to deliver the latest headlines and compelling content to its millions of readers every day – the highest circulation in the United Kingdom.

Jurgen Habermas defined the public sphere as being an imagined community that doesn’t exist in any identifiable space. In its ideal form, the public sphere is “made up of private people gathered together as a public” and articulates “the needs of society within the state”.

According to James Curran and Jean Seaton, between 1927 and 1937, the Daily Mail “almost halved” its coverage of political, social, and economic news in its total output because “the most-read news in popular daily papers were stories about accidents, crime, divorce, and human interest” in comparison to “categories of public affairs news” which had “only an average or below-average readership rating”.

Revision

Links to my CSP posts

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CSPMy Post Link
Scorehttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2021/11/15/csp-3-score-4/
Maybellinehttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2021/11/11/maybelline-csp-notes/
Letter to the Freehttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/03/10/letter-to-the-free-16/
Ghost Townhttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/02/08/ghost-town-16/
War of the Worldshttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/11/09/csp-war-of-the-worlds-8/
Newsbeathttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/11/03/csp-newsbeat-3/
Daily Mail
The i

Blinded by the light: https://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/01/19/blinded-by-the-light-26/

Bombshell: https://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2021/12/13/bombshell-17/

CSPMy Post Link
No Offence and The Killinghttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/03/16/television-csp-no-offence-and-the-killing/

https://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/03/16/television-csp-no-offence-and-the-killing/2/
The Voice Onlinehttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2023/01/27/csp-the-voice-2/
Teen Voguehttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2023/01/23/csp-teen-vogue-5/
Men’s Healthhttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/10/03/csp-magazine-2/
Oh Comelyhttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2022/10/14/oh-comely-5/
Tomb Raider and Metroidhttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2021/09/28/representation-22/
Sims Freeplayhttps://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/2023/01/25/csp-sims-freeplay-5/

Paper 1 + 2

Paper 1:
Section A (Language and Representation)

Unseen CSP Semiotics Question 8 Marks

Letter To The Free / Ghost Town
That Boss Life / Score

Section B (Audience and Industries)

War of the Worlds / Newsbeat
Daily Mail / The i
Blinded By The Light

Paper 2:

Unseen CSP Analysis Question 8 Marks

Capital / Deutschland 83
The Voice Online / Teen Vogue
Men’s Health / Oh Comely
Tomb Raider / Metroid / Sims Freeplay

Paper 1 CSP Posts: