what makes press a quality or not quality tv programme:

Good narrative

good acting

camera angles

Habermas – His theory relates to the BBC because it tells us what is happening in the world and brings people together with opinions and discussion

broadcasting and the theory of public servic.

The BBC created an image for their audiences when they first started off with commercial television and interests of minority audience. It evolved to introduce new audiences who might be interested in the news or other entertainment. By the 1980s that expanded to broadcasting about cultural and political stuff. However politics took over broadcasting and most people became uninterested.

‘the numerous radical press pamphlets and small-scale newspapers of the Victorian era were engines for social and political change. ‘

without advertising income, the free press could not complete with their commercial rivals, and their process of media concentration.

Elements that make Press a quality or not quality tv programme:

Acting – Good

Lighting, camera angles, editing, sound – Good

Storyline – Intriguing, quite suspenseful.

Outfits, hair, makeup – Professional, suitable for the roles they were playing.

Settings – In a professional, suitable office space. Opera house etc. Could be more exciting

Music/sound effects – Opening song, quite intriguing for the programme.

Professional marketing –

Broadcasting targets mass media, a big audience

Narrowcasting targets a niche audience

The BBC was made in 1922.

Radio was the first media broadcasting form, then television.

The first director general was Lord John Wreath.

They established an ethos with three main principles, ‘Entertain, Inform and Educate’.

To oversee due diligence and regulation the Government has a charter, BBC charter. A set of rules to make sure the BBC is doing what they are meant to be.

The BBC took up a paternalist approach, not a populist approach. Differences, good, bad.

Popular is giving more of what people enjoy, however it could be a detriment to them through exploitation (entertainment).

Paternalist is advising what is best (education/inform) even if it is not as pleasurable.

Grace Wyndham-Goldie noting the msot significant thingh about broadcasting that it changes time and space.

What life would have been livefd 100 years ago is like the here and now.

New communication media technologies allow you to change time and space il.e. the telephoine, recording abnd being able to listen back layrter

Fear people have of new technologies will ruin everything – people will stop talking to each other, wont work

The BBC became like ‘social cement’. British culture was centred around the BBC.

Habermas – In 1929 the BBC had a round up aimed at women. Public sphere.

BBC allows communications and connections within the media between different people.

‘Cable television was left to produce programmes that were suffiently attractive for the public to buy’

Double Think George Orwell. Government and ministers

Curran and Seaton – Ownership effects

‘

Standards for quality programming

qualitative elements

• Believable acting
• Seamless editing
• quality camerawork/angles/shots
• good lighting and sound quality
• believable and relevant ‘mis-en-scene’ elements/setting/costume etc
• Followable storyline/plot and something that is also unpredictable
• professional marketing

Broadcasting– producers target a wider, mass audience

Narrowcasting– producers target a niche audience

THE BBC

• Founded in 1992
• Started with radio [tv came later]
• Lord Reith was the first director of the BBC
• His ethos [belief/mission statement] for the BBC had 3 main principles
  • Inform, educate and entertain
• To oversee due diligence and regulation, the UK government reviews a charter: to ensure the BBC stay inline

• The BBC took up the Paternalistic approach, rather than the Populism approach, meaning that they gave the audience what’s best for them, not just what the audience wanted.

• Grace Wyndham Goldie noting the most significant thing about broadcasting: that it changing time and space.
• New media communication technologies allows you to change time and space
• Fear other people have of new technologies, they think it will ruin everything or they think there is no use for it
• The BBC became social cement, British culture was centred around the BBC

1. well acted
2. well written
3. appealing scenery
4. good lead to climax
5. strong actor chemistry
6. interesting plot
7. more than 1 genre eg comedy, drama
8. showcases social and cultural contexts within newspaper companies

Broadcasting -communicating with loads of people

Narrowcasting – communicating with a niche audiences

populism – based off what majority want – giving people what they want

paternalism- people with authority restrict freedom on others with rules, regulations and set plans.

There’s on going disputes within the BBC about populism and paternalism due to which would be more beneficial for the BBC as a whole.

ethos- the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its attitudes and aspirations

Ethos of BBC- to inform, entertain and educate

BBC charter has a royal charter which sets out the arrangements for governance of the British broadcast corporation.

The start of television- Grace Wyndham Goldie said how it transforms time and space, for example your at home they’re in a studio when they did shooting a week ago and you can watch it there. Not live.

transforms the public sphere – habermas

Lord Reith came up with the BBCs Ethos of to inform educate and entertain.

Fear of new technology and people were unaware and scared of what this technology could bring.

BBC acted like a social cement, it was so important everyone connected and communicated because and about it.

Habermas

treating the digital public sphere the same way we treat radio and TV seems wrong. Unlike radio and TV, which are broadcast on a limited resource – called “spectrum” – the internet is unbounded, limitless

The BBC’s online endeavours have always been contentious: at the beginning because they only benefitted the small percentage of licence fee payers who had got themselves online; later because they were accused of taking business away from commercial online content providers.

sense of time, BBC made everyone aware it was 1pm for example so people would change clocks

created communication between social classes.

jean seaton

what is broadcasting – “the concept of broadcasting has always been of a comprehensive service of characters, with the duty of public cooperation of to bringing public awareness to a whole range of activity and expression developed in society.”

the state and broadcasting

noted that the government were under constant suspicion of using an opportunity to its own advantage within the broadcasting world

accountability within broadcasting

the public had a problem with the chairman of the BBC not because he was the chair man of the institution but because he had government power.

independant professionals

the public couldn’t rely on the quality of the broadcasting as to-do so one must ignore the pressures which determine the broadcasting choices.

independant broadcasters

arguements that is is functional anf fully in control

other side of argument is same independences poses a serious threat to political institutions.

choice vs public service

commercial broadcasting isn’t based on programs to audience but audience to advertisers.

Curran and Seaton

Curran and Seaton suggest that profit driven motives take precedence over creativity in the world of commercial media.

Broadcasting is to a mass audience

Narrowcasting is to a niche audience

10 things for quality broadcasting

Professional:

Sound Design,

mise-en-scene,

cinematography

editing

A decent budget in order to use quality equipment

Character development and depth

A well-rounded narrative which will captivate viewers

Professional writing, unpredictable

Frankfurt school – we must use our free time to help develop ourselves and not do what we want to as it is manipulating our minds and hiding the truths of the world

The Royal Charter

The Royal Charter is the constitutional basis for the BBC. It sets out the BBC’s Object, Mission and Public Purposes. The Charter also outlines the Corporation’s governance and regulatory arrangements, including the role and composition of the BBC Board.

The current Charter began on 1 January 2017 and ends on 31 December 2027.

The Government will carry out a mid-term review of the Charter, focussing on governance and regulatory arrangements. This review is not a full Charter Review and so will not look at the BBC’s mission, purpose or the method by which it is funded.

The Agreement

The Agreement between the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and the BBC sits alongside the Charter. It provides further detail on many of the topics outlined in the Charter including the BBC’s funding and its regulatory duties.

The Agreement runs coterminous to the Charter but can be amended during the Charter period subject to the agreement of the Secretary of State and the BBC.

Ethos

The public service ethos of the BBC is to inform, entertain and educate

Populism is a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

Paternalism is the policy or practice on the part of people in authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to or otherwise dependent on them in their supposed interest.

James curran theory – this theory argues that patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate which storngly relates to how the bbc is run and operated

lunt and livingstone think the needs of a citizen are in conflict with the needs of the consumer, because protection can limit freedom which could relate to the bbc ethos as they control what what the viewr watches

lord reith’s founding principles of the bbc (the ethos) are still used today

Lord Reith and early days of BBC 10:41 – 13:05

lord reith’s founding principles of the bbc (the ethos) are still used today

The start of BBC Television 14:00 – 16:00 Grace Wyndham-Goldie changing nature of modern communication, essentially by transforming time and space. through television being able to see soemthing very far away just as it happens

1. The fear of new technology 16:00 – 16:30 what are the fears around new technologies?
2. The centre of everything 18:40 – 19:58 – is that still the case now?

the bbc is like social cement

How did the bbc transform the public sphere through changing peoples perceptions on what they could become when they heard people like the king on radio that they would of never heard before

Broadcasting is to a mass audience

Narrowcasting is to a niche audience

10 things for quality broadcasting

Professional:

Sound Design,

mise-en-scene,

cinematography

editing

A decent budget in order to use quality equipment

Character development and depth

A well-rounded narrative which will captivate viewers

Professional writing, unpredictable

The Royal Charter

The Royal Charter is the constitutional basis for the BBC. It sets out the BBC’s Object, Mission and Public Purposes. The Charter also outlines the Corporation’s governance and regulatory arrangements, including the role and composition of the BBC Board.

The current Charter began on 1 January 2017 and ends on 31 December 2027.

The Government will carry out a mid-term review of the Charter, focussing on governance and regulatory arrangements. This review is not a full Charter Review and so will not look at the BBC’s mission, purpose or the method by which it is funded.

The Agreement

The Agreement between the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and the BBC sits alongside the Charter. It provides further detail on many of the topics outlined in the Charter including the BBC’s funding and its regulatory duties.

The Agreement runs coterminous to the Charter but can be amended during the Charter period subject to the agreement of the Secretary of State and the BBC.

Ethos

The public service ethos of the BBC is to inform, entertain and educate

Populism is a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

Paternalism is the policy or practice on the part of people in authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to or otherwise dependent on them in their supposed interest.

john reith

Frankfurt School

Theodor Adorno explained that Leisure time should be used productively instead of recreational entertainment. This exhibits the idea of Populism and paternalism.

Habermas, transformation of public sphere

the BBC allowed a transformation of the public sphere by changing the notions of time and space

Jean Seaton- theory of Public

One cause of the collapse of the principle of public service broadcasting has been the deterioration in the relationship between the state and broadcasting institutions.

In principle, Mrs Thatcher and her supporters are in favour of de-regulation, competition and choice. They are distrustful, of plans to allow people to listen and watch what they like, subject only to the law of the land. They espouse the market system but they dislike the libertarian value judgements involved in its operation. judgements which underlie the peacock report. the peacock report exposed many of the contradictions of the Thatcherite espousal of market forces.

peacock report is a book written by Richard Collins in 2009

broadcasting – for a mass audience

narrowcasting – to a niche audience

10 key elements

Re-cap of Press:

Acting	Was of good quality, believable
Lighting	Good quality
Camera angles	Good camera angles
Editing	Editing was mostly good but felt rushed towards end.
Storyline	Sometimes the plot line of each episode was weak and didn’t have much progression
Set	amazing set
sound	quality sound
props	appropriate – fine details
costume	appropriate costume – realistic
script	good dialogue

What is the BBC charter What three things does it say the BBC must do?The BBC’s mission is defined by​​Royal Charter​: to act in the public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high-quality and distinctive output and services which ​inform, educate​and ​entertain​.

The BBC Charter is a royal charter setting out the arrangements for the governance of the British Broadcasting Corporation

what is the difference between populism and paternalism

Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of “the people” and often juxtapose this group against “the elite”. It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment.

Paternalism is the interference of a state or an individual with another person, against their will, and defended or motivated by a claim that the person interfered with will be better off or protected from harm.

bbc set themselves up to say what is good for you

lord reith’s founding principles still influence the bbc today. he didnt even know what broadcasting is.

• Habermas – Transformation of the Public Sphere
• Jean Seaton – The concept of Public Service Broadcasting
• James Curran – Power and Responsibility
• Sonia Livingston – regulation of media organisations
• Noam Chomsky – manufacturing consent

1. Lord Reith and early days of BBC 10:41 – 13:05
2. The start of BBC Television 14:00 – 16:00 Grace Wyndham-Goldie changing nature of modern communication, essentially by transforming time and space. habermas and helping audiences make decisions
3. The fear of new technology what are the fears around new technologies?
4. The centre of everything – is that still the case now? no other forms of mass media

29 mil ppl watched queens funeral

bbc is like social cement

links to frankfurter school – they talk about culture industry and how we need to use our free/ leisure time productively meaning to develop ourselves and rather than do what we choose(populism).

habermas – transformation of the public sphere bbc

transformation of time and space

• the central place that the BBC plays in our everyday lives,
• the link between individuals and celebrities, royalty, politicians etc,
• the connection towards major events – Cup Finals, Coronations, abdications, funerals, economic unrest etc,
• the way in which BBC acts as ‘social cement’

Habermas – Transformation of the Public Sphere– The idea that the media such as BBC transforms people’s (audience) lives in a way to help them make connections with people in the media, such as the royal family.

Jean Seaton – The concept of Public Service Broadcasting

“broadcasting in britain – monopoly or duopoly – always depended on an assumption of commitment to an undivided public good “

Beveridge – ” the work of broadcasting should be regarded as a public service for a social purpose”

” the concept of broadcasting has always been of service , comprehensive in character, with the duty of a public corporation of bringing to public awareness the whole range of activity and expression developed in soceity”

“one cause of the collapse of the principle of pbs has been the deterioration in the relationship between state and broadcasting”

“the independence of broadcasting from the state has recently been seen as the most important condition of the services accountability “

newsbeat

Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs.
To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world?

1. The BBC is a Public Service Broadcaster, funded via the TV license fee. No advertisements.
2. Newsbeat had to compete against traditional print media and the conventions of roll news channels, but mobile-first audiences are now learning about important events through what is trending on their social networks and notifications of breaking news flashing on their screens.
3. bbc ethos is to inform,educate,entertain
4. In terms of demographics, the BBC Trust claims Radio 1 targets people who are aged 15-29. However, RAJAR suggests the average listener is actually 30:
5. According to Statista, Radio 1 reached just under 9 million listeners every week in the first quarter of 2020.
6. Newsbeat producers responded to the challenge of traditional print media by serving content on their website, YouTube channel, Twitter account and Instagram profile. Taking a multi-platform approach ensures the product remains relevant to its audience.
7. bbc has a responsibility of for public service

i want to argue that the BBC producers have encoded meanings and values into their texts which is then decoded by the audience, but our reactions are shaped by our indivudual frameworks of knowledge as stuart hall suggested in his reception thory. This is seen in Newsbeat as they have had to compete against stereotypical and print media and the conventions of radio news channels

Stuart Hall argued producers encoded meaning and values into their texts which was then decoded by the audience, but our reactions are shaped by our individual frameworks of knowledge. / Newsbeat had to compete against traditional print media and the conventions of roll news channels, but mobile-first audiences are now learning about important events through what is trending on their social networks and notifications of breaking news flashing on their screens.