For my newspaper NEA I am going to produce the front cover of a local jersey newspaper, I am going to name it Jersey Local News. Its target audience will be to any age of people who will be interested in local news stories and learning about stories from other parts of the world. My newspaper will be reporting on the topics of, The bill of rights act 2022, The new abortion ban in the UK, it will also includes the cost of living crisis. It will briefly show the topics of breaking news involving the metropolitan police and another which involved a student. I will be using a story that is local but also links to different countries, which will cover my target audience. My story will be based on the New Bill of Rights act which has take out the right to abortion which links to Jersey as jersey could follow their idea on this. We have looked at the theorists of James Curran and Jean Seaton, Habermas which specifically targets newspapers and the ‘liberal press’.

For my production of the newspaper I will be using the editing app of adobe InDesign to create my front page and my double page spread, and I will be using photoshop to create my flyers. Using photoshop I will also be ale to create the adverts on my newspaper using editing software found in the app. The photos in my piece will be original and are recent photos and photos I have taken in the past. The style model I will be following will be the I.

HOW ARE BAUDRILLARD’S IDEAS OF SIMULATION AND HYPERREALITY TO UNDERSTANDING MEDIA-You should refer to the Close Study Products x2 in your answer-

War Of The Worlds	Ghost Town
The Mercury Theatre on the Air	The Specials 1981
“special news bulletin from the intercontinental Radio” Baudrillard.

War Of The Worlds + Ghost Town

https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/mrs-thatcher-postmodernism-and-the-politics-of-design-in-britain

“Mrs Thatcher and her supporters are in favour of deregulation, competition and choice”- Seaton

The peacock report (richard collins 2009)

ghost town can be seen to exhibit postmodern qualities as the specials question Margaret Thatcher, and do this by criticising the Britain she has created. This idea is seen to be evident as the specials make attempts to have the buildings/city symbolic of her and her supporters. Ghost town – alienation. BBC and Thatchers views opposing, possibly created

Narrative structure – Beginning / middle / end

• Equilibrium

• Disripution

• New equilibrium

Vladimir’s propp characters STOCK CHARACTERS theory to structure stories:

1: Hero

2: Helper

3: princess

4: Villain

5: Victim

6: Dispatcher

7: Farther

8: False hero

Freytag’s theory:

• Freytag’s pyramid
• Beginning / middle / end
• Exposition, Climax, Denouement
• Rising action, falling action

Todorov’s theory

• Equilibrium, Disruption, New Equilibrium
• Frame stories (stories within stories)
• Single character transformations: The idea that characters follow a journey that leads to a realisation, changed personality. Linking to Ancient Greek narrative structures:

Postmodernism:

• It’s an approach towards understanding, knowledge, life, being, art, technology, culture, sociology, philosophy, politics and history that is REFERENTIAL  (in that it often refers to / copies other things)
• RE-IMAGINING= To recreate or form a new conception of by recreation
• PASTICHE= A work of art, drama, or architecture that imitates the work of a previous artist.
• PARODY= A work or performance that imitates another work or performance with the use of irony and humour.
• COPY
• BRICOLAGE= construction of media with a diverse range of available things ‘involves the rearrangment and juxtaposition of previously unconnected signs to produce new codes of meaning’(Barker & Jane, 2016:237)

Claude Levi-Strauss (Binary Oppositions)

Creates a dominant message (ideology) of a film. However, as mentioned previously, the way in which individual students / audience members decode specific texts, is also contingent on their own individual ideas, attitudes and beliefs

Simulacra determine reality

Baudrillard: The theory of postmodernism can be referred to the concept of new production and an approach to understanding life is built from an addition of repetition of elements from past aspects and/or media formats and therefore is referential to existing concepts.

This is predominantly associated with the re-imagination of life/culture through pastiche and parody’s. Pastiches imitate past of the previous artist and parody does this with the use of irony and humour- arguably to create a more entertaining product to consume to promote specific concepts.

A more specific example is a bricolage, which is described by barker and jane as a montage of available information of previously unconnected signs and conventions to convey a newer meaning.

Hyperreality is described by Baudrillard as the inability to distinguish reality from the simulation that media has produced, the idea that reality is represented as an exaggerated version that is unrealistic and thus creating a simulation, the simulation or simulacram is distributed among media products and for the most part widely creates an unrealistic stereotype and conveys a false narrative, and then hyperreality is created from the exaggerated simulation, and therefore can have negative impacts on media and false advertisation.

Media can take advantage of hyperreality as Jameson explains in his book “postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism” that hyperreality is often created to provide entertainment or desire of the product and therefore combining Katz theory of Uses and Gratification to increase consumerism for the postmodernistic outlook being provided to the audience.

Through analysis of the hyperreality of Specific SCP’s we can observe the effects of Postmodernism among media products and how hyperreality and simulation create a false narrative and how this can link into capitalistic ideaologies.

How valid are Baudrillard’s ideas of simulation and hyperreality to understanding the media? You should refer to the Close Study Products Score and Maybelline to support your answer. [20 marks]

– Both products record simulations, largely of gender but also the benefits of their advertised product in specific historical contexts
– This is how hyperrealities are constituted by the movement from representation to simulation, by images based not on reality but other images
– This is strictly not representation but rather simulation: they are signifiers without a stable signified: these are essentially hyperrealities: images that refer only to other images
– Gender here functions as a simulacrum, an image without an original
– These are mythic narratives

Score Hair Cream
– The advert simulates a male-oriented fantasy of power (common in advertising of the period)
– Time makes this once coherent construction of masculinity farcical, but it is essentially simulation, the creation of a world that never has been complete with values we think we once had
– Here is the hyperreality: this was never ‘real’ always ‘fantastic’
– The text is empty of all but desperation (a sense it is trying too hard) and ideology (now visible and therefore perishable)
– This is a hyperreality awash with intertextual elements which inform setting, narrative, characters, costume and plot (and are revealing about all of these)
– The ideological ‘drama’ pits male and female as universal forces
– Responses may consider the differences in audiences reading the advert in the 1960s and today and the ways in which this context may shape the response

Maybelline | That Boss Life
– The contemporary social and cultural context of gender and sexuality as fluid and postmodern is simulated in the Maybelline advert
– The male model subverts traditional gender expectations through appearance, body language, transformation through makeup usually associated with femininity
– This subversion is enacted through glamour
– Both male and female are equally interested in the product – the mascara which is itself an object of desire: it has symbolic rather than utility value. They are captivated (on our behalf)
– The male and female characters are represented as equals and friends which gives a sliver of reality to the spectacle: for they are models/faces/embodiments of the company and its investment: the spectacle is a form of money

 Tztevan Todorov (Tripartite narrative structure):

A really good way to think about NARRATIVE STRUCTURE is to recognise that most stories can be easily broken down into a BEGINNING / MIDDLE / END.

• Equilibrium
• Disruption
• New equilibrium

Vladimir Propp is a good starting point for thinking about narrative structures, as his work (based around an analysis of fairy tales) suggests that stories use STOCK CHARACTERS to structure stories.

1. Hero
2. Helper
3. Princess
4. Villain
5. Victim
6. Dispatcher
7. Father
8. False Hero

binary opposites.

Roland Barthes: Proairetic and Hermenuetic Codes

• Proairetic code: action, movement, causation
• Hermenuetic code: reflection, dialogue, character or thematic development
• Enigma code: the way in which intrigue and ideas are raised – which encourage an audience to want more information.

Peripeteia – a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, especially in reference to fictional narrative

Anagnoresis – the point in a play, novel, etc., in which a principal character recognizes or discovers another character’s true identity or the true nature of their own circumstances.

Catharsis – the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.

Structure – Define Postmodernism -> Define key concepts & theorists -> Link the CSP to postmodernism and it’s concepts

Simulacrum & Hyperreality – Baudrillard

Individuals focus on, understand, can cope with and are knowledgeable about surface and style. As opposed to substance, content, meaning and truth.

Creates a world built around uncertainties and half truths, its a virtual world.

First define / explain postmodernism —> Then define the key concepts and who’s said them. —> After that mention the print product and how it relates to the key concepts[Futuristic, dystopia, individualism, escapism ] —> Lastly, express thoughts on postmodernism itself.

 Postmodernism is largely a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific, or objective, efforts to explain reality.

1. Pastiche – imitating previous work.
2. Parody – Imitating previous work in a joking and funny manner.
3. Bricolage – something constructed or created from a diverse range of things.
4. Intertextuality – the relationship between texts, especially literary ones.
5. Referential – containing or of the nature of references or allusions.
6. Surface and style over substance and content –
7. Metanarrative
8. Hyperreality – the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality.
9. Simulation (termed by Baudrillard as ‘Simulacrum’) 
10. Consumerist Society
11. Fragmentary Identities
12. Alienation
13. Implosion
14. cultural appropriation
15. Reflexivity – acknowledging your role in the research.

How valid are Baudrillard’s ideas of simulation and hyperreality to understanding the media?
You should refer to the Close Study Products Score and Maybelline to support your answer.
[20 marks]