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Brief
Plan
- Sound intro ~30 secs
- Speaking intro ~1 minute
- Burt Cope- Time ~3 minute
- Speak about song (maybe link to BBC) ~ 1.5 mins
- Mush x Klem – Foolish~ 2min 35
- Oliver Tree – Miss You ~ 3 mins
- Goddard + Venbee – Messy in Heaven 2 min 50 sec
- Sonny speak about messy in heaven being 4th in the charts for 2 minutes
- Status Quo -Rockin All Over The World 3min 35sec
- Nia Archives – Biana 2min 32sec
- Stereophonics – Dakota 5 min
- Sub Focus- Follow The Light (Pola & Bryson Remix) – 5min
- Dylan/Charlie Speak 3 mins Why Eggs are being rationed
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-63743217
- Speed – World Cup Song 4 minutes
- Dylan speak abt it
- Piri & Tommy – On and on (Sudley remix) 4min 34sec
- Unglued – Born In 94′ 5 min
- 5 Banned or Not Banned In Qatar
Banned or not banned
- Adult Content (magazines/toys) BANNED
- Clash Royal NOT BANNED
- Duty Free Alcohol BANNED
- Fizzy Drinks NOT BANNED
- E Cigarettes BANNED
- Holy Books BANNED
- Vegan Food NOT BANNED
- Bacon BANNED
- Fireworks BANNED
wotw and newsbeat
| Theme | Newsbeat | WOTW |
| Ownership | bbc- public broadcasting and multi media company owned by the government and trust fees board. More of an oligopoly, concentration of ownership. BBC has a slightly left- leaning ideology. | cbs-private company, it is an example of concentration- some companies own everything Integration horizontal or vertical? |
| Habermas | Transformation of the public sphere, media is constantly changing with the BBC keeping up. BBC is a non profitable company, they put money back into programs, so Quality is important. | majority of private businesses aim to solely make money caring more about money then the public, they prioritize it over entertaining their audience. |
| Chomsky | ||
| Regulation | ||
| AUDIENCE (ACTIVE/PASSIVE) | ||
| AUDIENCE (LAZARSFELD) | ||
| AUDIENCE (HALL) | ||
| NEW TECHNOLOGY | ||
| CROSS MEDIA CONVERGENCE |
Comparative Essay
Newsbeat delivers its reports and stories with a very distinct style that involves an informal tone, quick overviews, upbeat links, and audience participation yet, by utilising Stuart Hall’s reception theory, we can see that the listeners may not interpret the message in the way the producers originally intended. Hall’s encoding / decoding model of communication offers three hypothetical positions – the preferred, negotiated, and oppositional readings. The preferred reading is how the media producer wants the audience to respond, for example how the Newsbeat producers want their short news stories to engage with their audience and inform them about the latest events around the world. The negotiated reading, when the audience responds by accepting and rejecting certain elements, can also be applied to Newsbeat, wherein some listeners may appreciate the fast content but then turn to other sources for the full stories behind the headlines.
Orson Welles’ preferred reading of War of the Worlds was that it was a fictional radio play to be enjoyed by the audience, its negotiated reading was that some listeners who heard the introduction knew how inappropriate and misleading the play would be considering that it was broadcast in a time shortly after the First World War and on the brink of the Second World War. The oppositional reading was supposedly from those who missed the introduction and created a “wave of mass hysteria” as they thought the play was reality.
Comparing CSP’s Table
| THEME | NEWSBEAT | WAR OF THE WORLDS |
| OWNERSHIP | BBC, PSB, Government, BBC board of trustees ?? DG (Lord Reith), BBC multi-media / cross-media, transnational / transglobal, not a monopoly, concentration of ownership (ie small number of firms who own TV and radio even though there are lots of different stations) I think the BBC has a left wing libertarian ideology ??? | CBS, Private company, Multi or cross media Conglomerate, transnational / transglobal (??), monopoly (???), it is an example of concentration of ownership ie just a few companies own everything (oligopoly ?? / cartel ??), vertical / horizontal integration ??? |
| HABERMAS | Transformation of the public sphere – media is constantly changing BBC keeping up. BBC intention enshrined in their ethos to inform, entertain and educate. Not to make money or profit – they put money back into programmes so Quality is important. I think this fits into Habermas notion of transforming the public Therefore the BBC is more paternalistic – what you need not what you want (this is tricky) | Most private business are aimed at making a profit – I think private business don’t care about the public, I think they care about profit. so they are more concerned with entertainment than education. Just for profit is a commercial ethos – not in the spirit of Habermas |
| CHOMSKY | ||
| CURRAN | James Curran writes about the ideas that underpin The Liberal Free Press, but much can apply to transformation of Public Sphere (Habermas) which in turn connects to ethos of PSB | some general ideas: 1. concerns about the commercial interest of big companies (prioritising profits over social concerns) 2. concentration of ownership – although not monopolies, the small number of big companies is not good for 3. competition 4. Diverse range of voices (plurality) 5. audience choices |
| SEATON | Seaton makes us aware of the power of the media in terms of big companies who own too much. commercial Seaton also makes clear that broadcasters selling audiences to products NOT audiences to programmes (ie no adverts on BBC) therefore BBC not chasing big exaggerated stories Newsbeat seeking informed citizens who want knowledge accountability – ie who looks after the BBC and makes sure it does what it is supposed to do: Annan Report 1980 “on balance the chain of accountability is adequate” independence – ie keeping free from state control “without a commitment to public service, broadcasters are increasingly vulnerable to political interference” | Seaton talks about rise and inevitable need for competition with new technologies – which provides choice Provides more entertainment for wider audiences ??? WoW targets mainstream entertainment seeking audiences the allusion of Choice – “Choice, without positive direction is a myth, all too often the market will deliver more -but only more of the same” |
| REGULATION | Ofcom, BBC Charter governed by Parliament, license fee regulates BBC as well. BBC / PSB ethos ‘to entertain, to inform and to educate’ (Reith) New technologies mean BBC faced with more competition NO advertising! | Federal Communications Commission as regulator for private business ie not necessarily in the public interest |
| AUDIENCE (ACTIVE/PASSIVE) | Newsbeat encouraging active ‘uses and gratification’ model personal needs escapism, entertainment, self esteem and social needs. information, knowledge about the world, connecting with family, friends and community | The hypodermic needle theory suggests a media text can have a powerful and immediate effect on the passive audience. It would seem “The War of the Worlds” production supports this argument because so many terrified listeners, for example, “rushed out of their houses” to escape the “gas raid”.4 |
| LAZARFELD | 2 step flow / opinion leaders how we gravitate to people who share the same ideas as ourselves. So the BBC is an unbiased, informed opinion leader (ie BBC Charter focus on impartiality, accurate, true) | |
| HALL | ||
| NEW TECHNOLOGY | ||
| CROSS MEDIA | ||
| SPECIFIC TEXTUAL EXAMPES | Prince William and Kate presenting a special newsbeat edition on mental health Kanye article | Federal Communications Commission as regulator for private business ie not necessarily in the public interest |
| GERBNER | The cultivation theory can also explain some of the hysteria. Gerbner’s research suggested heavy users of television become more susceptible to its messages, especially if the texts resonate with the viewer. One army veteran said the radio play “was too realistic for comfort” while another New York resident was “convinced it was the McCoy” when the “names and titles” of different officials, such as the Secretary of the Interior, were mentioned in the script.6 Perhaps it was this group of listeners who believed the broadcast was an accurate report of events that night because they were already familiar with the special bulletin format, which were known then as break-ins, and assumed the war in Europe had intensified. | |
Comparison between ‘Newsbeat’ and ‘War of the Worlds’
| Theme | Newsbeat | War of the Worlds |
| Ownership | BBC, PSB, Government, BBC board of trustees ?? DG (Lord Reith), BBC multi-media / cross-media, transnational / transglobal, not a monopoly, concentration of ownership (ie small number of firms who own TV and radio even though there are lots of different stations) I think the BBC has a left wing libertarian ideology ??? | CBS, Private company, Multi or cross media Conglomerate, transnational / transglobal (??), monopoly (???), it is an example of concentration of ownership ie just a few companies own everything (oligopoly ?? / cartel ??), vertical / horizontal integration ??? |
| Habermas | Transformation of the public sphere – media is constantly changing BBC keeping up. BBC intention enshrined in their ethos to inform, entertain and educate. Not to make money or profit – they put money back into programmes so Quality is important. I think this fits into Habermas notion of transforming the public Therefore the BBC is more paternalistic – what you need not what you want (this is tricky) | Most private business are aimed at making a profit – I think private business don’t care about the public, I think they care about profit. so they are more concerned with entertainment than education. Just for profit is a commercial ethos – not in the spirit of Habermas |
| Curran | James Curran writes about the ideas that underpin The Liberal Free Press, but much can apply to transformation of Public Sphere (Habermas) which in turn connects to ethos of PSB | some general ideas: 1. concerns about the commercial interest of big companies (prioritising profits over social concerns) 2. concentration of ownership – although not monopolies, the small number of big companies is not good for 3. competition 4. Diverse range of voices (plurality) 5. audience choices |
| Seaton | Seaton makes us aware of the power of the media in terms of big companies who own too much. commercial Seaton also makes clear that broadcasters selling audiences to products NOT audiences to programmes (ie no adverts on BBC) therefore BBC not chasing big exaggerated stories Newsbeat seeking informed citizens who want knowledge accountability – ie who looks after the BBC and makes sure it does what it is supposed to do: Annan Report 1980 “on balance the chain of accountability is adequate” independence – ie keeping free from state control “without a commitment to public service, broadcasters are increasingly vulnerable to political interference” | Seaton talks about rise and inevitable need for competition with new technologies – which provides choice Provides more entertainment for wider audiences ??? WoW targets mainstream entertainment seeking audiences the allusion of Choice – “Choice, without positive direction is a myth, all too often the market will deliver more -but only more of the same” |
| Regulation | Ofcom, BBC Charter governed by Parliament, license fee regulates BBC as well. BBC / PSB ethos ‘to entertain, to inform and to educate’ (Reith) New technologies mean BBC faced with more competition NO advertising! | Federal Communications Commission as regulator for private business ie not necessarily in the public interest |
| Chomsky | ||
| Audience (Lazerfield) | 2 step flow / opinion leaders how we gravitate to people who share the same ideas as ourselves. So the BBC is an unbiased, informed opinion leader (ie BBC Charter focus on impartiality, accurate, true) | Orsen Welles unregulated opinion leader. If audience seeking facts / truth about space and war they would seek opinion leaders from govt or science. |
| Audience (Hall) | Preferred reading, young people will favour Newsbeat over alternatives as it is targeted more towards them. | Stuart Hall theorised how audiences decode messages, by accepting, negotiating or rejecting the sent message. This can be seen with ‘War of the Worlds’ as the people that listened to it decoded it and accepted it as being real, then ran outside of their houses in panic. |
| Audience (Active/Passive) | Newsbeat encouraging active ‘uses and gratification’ model personal needs escapism, entertainment, self esteem and social needs. information, knowledge about the world, connecting with family, friends and community | War of the worlds raises the debate around audience as passive or active (ie Lasswell, linear model of communication like a hypodermic syringe) ie without thinking or reflecting on what we are told |
| New Technology | ||
| Specific Textual Examples | Prince William and Kate presenting a special newsbeat edition on mental health Kanye article | Blurred codes of drama and news. Programme starts with title music, announcer introduction ‘Mercury Theatre Company presents . . . ‘ followed by Orson Welles prologue to War of the Worlds .. . |
Comparitive table
| THEME | NEWSBEAT | WAR OF THE WORLDS |
| OWNERSHIP | BBC, PSB, Government, BBC board of trustees ?? DG (Lord Reith), BBC multi-media / cross-media, transnational / transglobal, not a monopoly, concentration of ownership (ie small number of firms who own TV and radio even though there are lots of different stations) I think the BBC has a left wing libertarian ideology ??? | CBS, Private company, Multi or cross media Conglomerate, transnational / transglobal (??), monopoly (???), it is an example of concentration of ownership ie just a few companies own everything (oligopoly ?? / cartel ??), vertical / horizontal integration ??? |
| HABERMAS | Transformation of the public sphere – media is constantly changing BBC keeping up. BBC intention enshrined in their ethos to inform, entertain and educate. Not to make money or profit – they put money back into programmes so Quality is important. I think this fits into Habermas notion of transforming the public Therefore the BBC is more paternalistic – what you need not what you want (this is tricky) | Most private business are aimed at making a profit – I think private business don’t care about the public, I think they care about profit. so they are more concerned with entertainment than education. Just for profit is a commercial ethos – not in the spirit of Habermas |
| CHOMSKY | ||
| CURRAN | James Curran writes about the ideas that underpin The Liberal Free Press, but much can apply to transformation of Public Sphere (Habermas) which in turn connects to ethos of PSB | some general ideas: 1. concerns about the commercial interest of big companies (prioritising profits over social concerns) 2. concentration of ownership – although not monopolies, the small number of big companies is not good for 3. competition 4. Diverse range of voices (plurality) 5. audience choices |
| SEATON | Seaton makes us aware of the power of the media in terms of big companies who own too much. commercial Seaton also makes clear that broadcasters selling audiences to products NOT audiences to programmes (ie no adverts on BBC) therefore BBC not chasing big exaggerated stories Newsbeat seeking informed citizens who want knowledge accountability – ie who looks after the BBC and makes sure it does what it is supposed to do: Annan Report 1980 “on balance the chain of accountability is adequate” independence – ie keeping free from state control “without a commitment to public service, broadcasters are increasingly vulnerable to political interference” | Seaton talks about rise and inevitable need for competition with new technologies – which provides choice Provides more entertainment for wider audiences ??? WoW targets mainstream entertainment seeking audiences the allusion of Choice – “Choice, without positive direction is a myth, all too often the market will deliver more -but only more of the same” |
| REGULATION | Ofcom, BBC Charter governed by Parliament, license fee regulates BBC as well. BBC / PSB ethos ‘to entertain, to inform and to educate’ (Reith) New technologies mean BBC faced with more competition NO advertising! | Federal Communications Commission as regulator for private business ie not necessarily in the public interest |
| AUDIENCE (ACTIVE / PASSIVE) | The audience for the BBC are more active and are encouraged to engage with the speakers on the radio shows. The audience often respond to media and are able to question the message sent by the hosts. | The audience for the War of the Worlds radio show is passive and are accepting of what the radio hosts say without engaging within topics and stories told to them. However, the audience were somewhat active as many had strong opinions about CBS ‘tricking’ their audience. |
| AUDIENCE (LAZARSFELD) | ||
| AUDIENCE (HALL) | ||
| NEW TECHNOLOGY | ||
| SPECIFIC TEXTUAL EXAMLES | Prince William and Kate presenting a special newsbeat edition on mental health Kanye article | blurred codes of drama and news. Programme starts with title music, announcer introduction ‘Mercury Theatre Company presents . . . ‘ followed by Orson Welles prologue to War of the Worlds .. . |
| ? | ||
| ? |
Comparative table
| Theme | Newsbeat | War of the Worlds |
| Ownership | ||
| HABERMAS | BBC helped transformed the public sphere by changing the notions of time and place. hypothecated tax used to put money back into productions, implies BBC, a PSB is following the ethos rather than seeking a profit. | CBS, a private business is seen to look for a profit. they are more concerned about entertainment rather than education. Exhibits populism? |
| SEATON | Seaton said “Mrs Thatcher and her supporters are in favour of de-regulation, competition and choice” Thatcher strived for populism rather than paternalism, this conflicted the ethos of the BBC. | Seaton then talks about the rise of competition and choice |
| Audience (Active/Passive) | Active. Postmodernism. Young audience- naive. News- a trusted source | Passive- pre modernism. hypo needle |
csp revision
| Theme | Newsbeat | War of the Worlds |
| Ownership | Owned by the BBC, the BBC is owned and payed for the by the public. Payed through TV licenses BBC Charter: Educate, Inform, Entertain | Owned by CBS, CBS is payed for by Paramount global. Privately owned, available to everyone. |
| Regulation | Regulated by Ofcom which receives it regulation rules through the UK gov. Also regulates off of the BBC’s Charter. | CBS is regulated by the The Federal Communications Commission (US FCC) |
| Habermas | Transformation of the public sphere, the BBC (when making money) re-invests it into BBC to make it better, adapt it and sticks to their charter tighter. | Sticks to making a profit rather than bettering itself. Does not transform the public sphere, the polar opposite of the BBC. |
| Chomsky | ||
| Audience | Active consumption, choosing to listen in and create opinions and thoughts based on the stories which are on the media/radio from newsbeat. | Passive consumption, taking in what war of the worlds is saying and just believing it. |
| Lazarfeld | two-step flow of mass communication – gravitate to people who share the same interests The book explains that people’s reactions to media messages are mediated by interpersonal communication with members of their social environment. | not everyone who was terrorised by the radio play was actually listening to the broadcast. They heard the rumours from people they trusted in their social circle. |
| audience (active/passive) | uses and gratifications Audiences are more active, they are not just given programmes that they want but are given what they need (Paternalism) | Audiences are more passive, they are only shown the programmes that they want to allow in order for CBS to make a profit. |
| Stuart Hall | Hall’s encoding / decoding model of communication offers three hypothetical positions – the dominant, oppositional, and negotiated readings. | In terms of Stuart Hall’s reception theory and his encoding / decoding model of communication, this is the audience’s framework of knowledge. |
| New Technology | Newsbeat is on social media, internet radio and apps. | |
| Cross media creation | Newsbeat is on social media, internet radio and apps. Can be read and understood on different platforms for the younger audiences to access it anywhere and whenever they want. | |
| Curran | “profit-driven motives take precedence over creativity” CBS creating the idea of a a massive panic to create a huge amount of money over the idea of making a good entertainment. | |
| Seaton | POWER AND MEDIA: patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate. Controls how they want to target audiences that are informed and want to learn. Seaton says “Sells audiences to advertisers not products to audiences” which the BBC doesn’t do, they do this by sticking to their “educate” ethos and making stories to educate. | Provides to audiences the idea of entertainment without sticking to any sort of ethos or education. Only entertainment and selling a big story which we don’t know is true (I.E people running out of their homes in fear of the story that they are hearing. |
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING – RADIO CSP’S (AND TELEVISION RE-CAP)
| Theme | Newsbeat | War of the wrlds |
| AUDIENCE (ACTIVE / PASSIVE) | Newsbeat has adapted to the younger generations short attention span who need their news in short digestible chunks instead of being complex and requiring thought however Audiences are more active, they are not just given programmes that they want but are given what they need (Paternalism) as a result of not being arsed to look further | The broadcast of wotw + the reaction raises debate and evidence regarding lazarsfield’s theory about passive audiences |
| AUDIENCE (LAZARSFELD) (active/passive) | Theory on people being drawn to those with similar opinions, BBC is essentially an opinion leader | |
| AUDIENCE (HALL) | The Newsbeat producers hope their short-form news stories will engage their audience and keep them up to date about the latest events around the world. This is the preferred reading. Some listeners might appreciate the snackable content but will be then turn to other sources for the stories behind the headlines. This could be considered a negotiated reading. Other listeners will simply reject the encoded message and construct their own meanings. Perhaps the news stories are irrelevant to their own situations. They might even tune into another station if they just want to hear music. | the anticipated reading was it was fictional, rejected reading was that it was really happening |
- Press/newspapers negatively reporting on TWOTW, as radio was still a new media form