change and transformation

• the transformation of social interaction and audience consumption (audiences);
• the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
• the transformation of institutional structures (industry)
• the changes in textual content and structure (language).
• overall, the changing nature of symbolic interaction

share	active	creative	host
sharing between social media platforms		widgets on home screen	Radio 1
stream	story 	re-connect	personalise
Football/World Cup	Tiktok stories	social media allows people to reconnect old friends, family etc	creating your own profile/ fyp and explore pages are personalised to your
immerse	experience	store	scale
example or comment		snapchat stores memories eg year ago today
binge	interface	live	adapt
TV programmes eg The Crown		Instagram live
endless	conversation	re-perform	circulate
the internet – it is constantly expanding	Reddit allows people to discuss topics of interest	elf yourself	news

David Gillmor

examines how new media technologies have had an impact on relationship between citizens and government / institutional power

three key turning points in media:

1. printing press
2. radio broadcasting
3. the internet

claims that prior to the internet, ‘large, arrogant institutions’ were able to control and manipulate the news, but the growth of media allowed ‘regular people’ to have a voice – ‘news was being produced by regular people who had something to say and show, and not solely by the “official” news organizations... This time, the first draft of history was being written, in part, by the former audience. It was possible—it was inevitable—because of new publishing tools available on the Intenet’

as a result, news consumption transforms from a lecture, into a conversation

he claims there are three major sectors in a world where anyone can make the news, despite their blurring into each other:

1. journalists
2. newsmakers
3. the former audience

Marshall McLuhan – The Medium is the Message

studies the effects of mass media on thought and behaviour – he believes the medium is the message:

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication”

Its not about the content of the message, its about the form in which the message is expressed – the technology that transfers the message is what influences society, individual, family, leisure, family

does not suggest that the content is inconsequential, but when we pay to much attention to the content, we ignore the power of the form in shaping our experience – if you dont understand the medium, you dont understand the message

Essentially predicted the internet by claiming the world was entering a fourth, electronic age where everyone has access to the same info – he called it the ‘global village’

Alex Krotoski – The Virtual Revolution

we do not think in a linear or sequential way, but associatively and sensorily, so that information is linked to patterns, consequences, almost like nodes of hyperlinked information

TOPIC	NOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’s	the impact of new technology expanded information access
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)	mental health internet addiction? Choices made? ‘A world without consequences’ ‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats	4.74 billion social media users around the world in October 2022 Worldwide, people spend an average of 2 hours and 27 minutes per day on social media average use of internet per day is 7 hours a day Nigeria, the Philippines, and Ghana spend the most amount of time on social media Japan, North Korea, and the Netherlands spend the least amount of time on social media on average USA check phone 344 times a day/ once every four minutes 73% of marketers believe marketing on social media is effective
Theodore Vail	The Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop Theory	Loop Theory – predictive behaviour But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling) Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard) (Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar Number	The Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150 – impossible for humans to have a genuine connection with over 150 people shown in many primate groups So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bush	associative not linear thinking the demise of long form reading So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge. Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Lee	the inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhan	The Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
	The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

B. F. Skinner – Behaviourism

Considering free will to be an illusion, Skinner saw human action as dependent on consequences of previous actions, a theory he would articulate as the principle of reinforcement: If the consequences to an action are bad, there is a high chance the action will not be repeated; if the consequences are good, the probability of the action being repeated becomes stronger.

He calls this operant conditioning – the ability of a person to change their behaviour based on the use of a reinforcement. three types of responses

1. Neutral. These responses would not increase or decrease the probability that a behavior would be repeated.
2. Reinforcers. This type of response would increase the likelihood of a repetitive behavior. A reinforcer can be positive or negative to encourage the repetitive response.
3. Punishers. This is the response that would decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. The goal of a punishment is to weaken the behavior so it becomes less desirable in the future.

Jaron Lanier

believes that social media and companies like Facebook and Google are practicing behavior modification that harms the individual and society and undermines economic dignity.

Lanier is no longer a fan of how the digital utopia is coming along. He’s called it “digital Maoism” and accused tech giants like Facebook and Google of being “spy agencies”

highlights the dangers surrounding social media:

• believes people are being subtly manipulated by algorithms as they change your behaviour
• Society had been darkened by the surveillance and behaviour modification which has been imposed by advertisers online sense of uncertainty regarding what is real and what is fake
• believes the companies internationally make social media addictive in order to manipulate the population through rewards and punishment (THINK ABOUT B. F. SKINNER) – EG rewards are gaining followers, punishments are receiving hate – allowing the advertisers to change the internet user’s behaviour
• whilst you are watching/observing/reading social media, the social media is also watching/observing/reading you – they find patterns in your behaviour, allowing them to alter it

Shoshana Zuboff – The Age of Surveillance Capitalism

Surveillance capitalism – concept in political economics which denotes the widespread collection and commodification of personal data by corporations. This phenomenon is distinct from government surveillance, though the two can reinforce each other.

———————————————————————-

ESSAY STRUCTURE

1. Overview: New media always creates change (printing press, telegram etc)
2. Q: so how has recent technology changed (society, individuals, organisations, ideas, beliefs etc etc)
3. CSP 1 – show knowledge of CSP
4. characteristics of new media (in reference to CSP 1)
5. theoretical / conceptual analysis of new media (loop theory, network theory, Dunbar number, McLuhan, Krotoski)
6. Critically thinking about new media (Baudrillard, McLuhan, Krotoski, B. F. Skinner, Zuboff, Lanier – are all essentially critical of new media technologies. But Gauntlett, Shirky, Jenkins are all very positive about new media technologies)
7. CSP 2 – show knowledge
8. Draw parallels and conclusions
9. Suggest future pathways / developments

To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,

1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
4. The transformation of audience consumption

Key Words:

• Access
• Speed
• Time
• Storage
• Feedback
• Share
• Space
• Connectivity
• Participation
• Discover
• Retrieval
• Knowledge

	active	creative	host
example or comment
	story 	re-connect	personalise	stream
example or comment		To re-connect with people over the internet from anywhere in the world	To personalise specific adverts and series related to your liking	To consume content over the internet with a continuous flow
	experience	store	scale	immerse
example or comment		Data can be stored online rather than through hardware
	share	live	adapt	binge
example or comment	To share media related content	To watch something that is happening at almost the exact same time as it is being recorded		To constantly watch a series/ set of movies
	conversation	re-perform	circulate	endless 
example or comment	To be able to speak to anyone around the world through media

Marshall McLuhan:

Marshall McLuhan’s theory of ‘the medium is the message‘ means that the important things about the media is not the messages they carry but the way the medium itself affects human consciousness and society at large. For example, owning a TV that we watch is more significant than anything we watch on it.

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication” 

B.F Skinner

The theory of B.F Skinner is that learning is a function of change in overt behaviour – changes in a persons behaviour are the results of an individuals response to events that occur in the environment. It is important because it played a key role in helping phycologists to understand how behaviour is learned.

Some themes and discussion points from Great Hack:

• The Exchange of Data
• Search for Truth
• Behaviour Management
• Propaganda / Persuasion
• Regulation

New technologies allow for improvement with time, space, speed, control, rate, access, quantity, non-linear, collaboration, quality, opportunity, revenue, commercialisation.

	SHARE	ACTIVE	CREATIVE	HOST
example/comment	I shared a news article to my parents
	STORY	RECONNECT	PERSONALISE	STREAM
example/comment				I saw a gaming stream on Twitch
	EXPERIENCE	STORE	SCALE	IMMERSE
example/comment	I tried a virtual reality experience	I store photos and videos on my phone
	INTERFACE	LIVE	ADAPT	BINGE
example/comment		I watched a football match live on my phone		I binge watched all of Game of Thrones
	CONVERSATION	RE-PERFORM	CIRCULATE	ENDLESS
example/comment	I had a text conversation with my friend

Marshall McLuhan

Marshall McLuhan was a Canadian philosopher who proposed in 1964 that “the medium is the message“, basically meaning that the medium was more significant than anything else in determining meaning over companies, organisations, governments, individuals and representations.

Aleks Krotoski

TOPIC	NOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’s	the impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)	mental health internet addiction? Choices made? ‘A world without consequences’ ‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore Vail	The Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop Theory	Loop Theory – predictive behaviour But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling) Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard) (Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’ The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar Number	The Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150. So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bush	associative not linear thinking the demise of long form reading So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge. Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Lee	the inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhan	The Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
	The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

According to 24 Hour Movement Guideline they recommend 2 hours per day online, from 2018.

In a 2021 report, Jersey was the number 1 for internet speed and connectivity.

Clay Shirky

Clay Shirky is pro-technology and believes audience behaviour has progressed from the passive consumption of media texts to a much more interactive experience with the products and each other. New digital technologies and social media has made connecting and collaborating incredibly easy.

B. F. Skinner

B. F. Skinner believed that the concept of free will was an illusion and, instead, thought that all human action was the result of conditioning.

Remember to focus on key issues around new media – privacy, knowledge, understanding, education, friendship, behaviour, thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, politics, economics, employment, war, conflict, food, the environment, space, science (essentially social change)

1. Overview: New media always creates change (printing press, telegram etc)
2. Q: so how has recent technology changed (society, individuals, organisations, ideas, beliefs etc etc)
3. CSP 1 – show knowledge of CSP
4. characteristics of new media (in reference to CSP 1)
5. theoretical / conceptual analysis of new media (loop theory, network theory, Dunbar number, McLuhan, Krotoski)
6. Critically thinking about new media (Baudrillard, McLuhan, Krotoski, B. F. Skinner, Zuboff, Lanier – are all essentially critical of new media technologies. But Gauntlett, Shirky, Jenkins are all very positive about new media technologies)
7. CSP 2 – show knowledge
8. Draw parallels and conclusions
9. Suggest future pathways / developments

Some themes and discussion points from The Great Hack:

• The Exchange of Data – big companies (e.g. Facebook) buy/sell personal data
• Search for Truth
• Behaviour Management
• Propaganda / Persuasion – they use the data to target certain communities to sell a message, passive media consumption
• Regulation –

AI :

AI can Replace Human Workforce

Around 1,160,000 people are out of work in Canada alone. Although AI helps reduce business costs, it’s set to create some significant problems. As per The Guardian, customer service jobs (85%) will face the highest AI threat by 2021.

 

AI will Become Smarter than Humans

AI can learn anything quickly, meaning its intelligence is increasing. In 2013, AI had the same intelligence as a 4 year old. By 2029, AI will have the same intelligence level as adult humans.  

To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,

1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
4. The transformation of audience consumption

access

communication

speed

storage

sharing

publishing

time

space

information

connectivity

history

participation

knowledge

discover

retrieval

	share	active	creative	host
example or comment	Sending photos / videos with other people
	story 	re-connect	personalise	stream
example or comment				Streaming websites allow you to catch up on all your favourite tv shows
	experience	store	scale	immerse
example or comment
	interface	live	adapt	binge
example or comment		Something happening right at the moment that you can watch on your screens instead of having to be there		Netflix have binge worthy shows to watch
	conversation	re-perform	circulate	endless 
example or comment	Being able to talk to with people online

Marshall McLuhan

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication” 

“The medium is the message” is a phrase coined by the Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan and the name of the first chapter in his Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, published in 1964. 

The central theory behind “the medium is the message” is that the medium through which content is carried plays a vital role in the way it is perceived.

McLuhan’s most famous idea is that “the medium is the message”. By which he means that the important thing about media is not the messages they carry but the way the medium itself affects human consciousness and society at large

TOPIC	NOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’s	the impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)	mental health internet addiction? Choices made? ‘A world without consequences’ ‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats	There are 5.07 billion internet users and 4.7 billion social media users. https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/ Facebook is the most used media app 15.6 Million new Netflix users
Theodore Vail	The Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop Theory	Loop Theory – predictive behaviour But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling) Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard) (Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’ The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar Number	The Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150. So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky	Clay Shirky is an American writer, consultant and teacher on the social and economic effects of Internet technologies and journalism.
Vannavar Bush	associative not linear thinking the demise of long form reading So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge. Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Lee	the inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhan	The Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
B.F. Skinner	The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. He discovered the power of positive reinforcement in learning.  Positive Reinforcement, Positive Punishment, Negative Reinforcement, and Negative Punishment.
	The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

TOPIC	NOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’s	the impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)	mental health internet addiction? Choices made? ‘A world without consequences’ ‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore Vail	The Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop Theory	Loop Theory – predictive behaviour But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling) Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard) (Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’ The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar Number	The Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150. So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky	Clay Shirky is pro new-technologies, as new technology makes audiences more interactive and allows for easier connection with others.
Vannavar Bush	associative not linear thinking the demise of long form reading So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge. Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Lee	the inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhan	The Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
	The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

74,814 mins ( just under 1250 hours) listened to spotify in 2022 – Me

recommend only 2 hours of recreational screen time per day – 24 hour movement guidelines 2018
Largest social media demographic = ages 20 – 29 – data reportal

Jersey #1 out of 224 countries in internet speeds at 229MB/s on average – 2021

• speed
• time
• feedback
• share accsess
• storage
• share
• history
• connectivity
• participation
• discover
• retrieval
• knowledge

Key Words associated with New Media – complete table with examples or notes below each key term.

	share	active	creative	host
example or comment
	story 	re-connect	personalise	stream
example or comment
	experience	store	scale	immerse
example or comment	see hear and experience events that have happened not having to be there
	interface	live	adapt	binge
example or comment
	conversation	re-perform	circulate	endless 
example or comment

TOPIC	NOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’s	the impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)	mental health internet addiction? Choices made? ‘A world without consequences’ ‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore Vail	The Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop Theory	Loop Theory – predictive behaviour But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling) Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard) (Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’ The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar Number	The Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150. So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bush	associative not linear thinking the demise of long form reading So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge. Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Lee	the inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhan	The Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
	The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

stats:

• 8hrs a day cell phone use for teenagers
• 2.93 billion facebook users
• spend an average of 5 years and 4 months on social media
• 4.9 billion social media users
• 5.07 billions internet users
• 16 millions new members on Netflix during covid.

Sentient – able to perceive or feel things

Artificial Intelligence (AI)- the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision making and translations between languages.

Types of AI – reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind and self-aware AI.

1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences)
2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation)
3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry);and the changes in textual content and structure(language)
4. the transformation of audience consumption `

Overall, this could be described as the changing nature of symbolic interaction and a lot of the work on this blog is discussing this concept.

Key Terms

• Speed
• knowledge
• time
• communication
• understanding
• access
• privacy
• choice
• interactivity
• Storage
• retrieval

New Media	share	active	creative	host
example or comment	Facebook status		Widgets	Radio 1
	story 	re-connect	personalise	stream
example or comment	Tiktok	Social Media	Making your own social media accounts/ For you page Tiktok	Football/ World Cup
	experience	store	scale	immerse
example or comment		Apple store- download apps/ Contacts
	interface	live	adapt	binge
example or comment		Instagram	Adapting Apple Iphone’s every year to fit with circumstances and modernisation	Top Boy (netflix)
	conversation	re-perform	circulate	endless 
example or comment	Snapchat	Elf Yourself	News

Marshall McLuhan – The Medium is the message:

This means that the the technology (medium) is more important then the content.

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication”

Krotoski also looks at the network effect, ‘the constant loop of digital information’ (Krotoski), which create a loop of action/reaction which allows for (companies to predict?) future action. This is an important concept for understanding how and why business masquerade their operations as personal interactions, which often appear to be ‘free’, but which can actually generate great reward.

TOPIC	NOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’s	the impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)	mental health internet addiction? Choices made? ‘A world without consequences’ ‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats	A total of 5.07 billion people around the world use the internet today  the world’s online connected population grew by more than 170 million in the 12 months to October 2022. The average global internet user now spends 6 hours and 37 minutes online each day, but this is actually 5 percent less than the daily average for October 2021. Added together, the world’s internet users will spend roughly 1.4 billion years of combined human existence online in 2022.  Nearly a third of respondents (29.3%) indicated that technology should be paired with a mental health professional, on average americans check their phone 344 times a day 15-16 have increased chance of developing adhd from high digital media use (medical use today ) 2021 average use of internet a day is 7 hrs a day, 415.5
Theodore Vail	The Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop Theory	Loop Theory – predictive behaviour But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling) Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard) (Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’  an individual’s causal attributions of achievement affect subsequent behaviors and motivation. One of the primary assumptions of attribution theory is that people will interpret their environment in such a way as to maintain a positive self-image.
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar Number	The Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150. So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky	Clay Shirky argued audience behaviour has progressed from the passive consumption of media texts to a much more interactive experience with the products and each other.  an advocate and activist for the free culture movement, so I’m a pretty unlikely candidate for Internet censor. But I have just asked the students in my fall seminar to refrain from using laptops, tablets, and phones in class. pro new media
Vannavar Bush	associative not linear thinking the demise of long form reading So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge. Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Lee	the inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhan	The Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
	The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

AI:

• Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), which has a narrow range of abilities;
• Artificial general intelligence (AGI), which is on par with human capabilities; or.
• Artificial superintelligence (ASI), which is more capable than a human.

To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,

1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
4. The transformation of audience consumption

3 KEYWORDS THAT HAVE TRANSFORMED MEDIA:

• SPEED
• ACCESS
• CONNECTIVITY
• FEEDBACK
• TIME
• SHARE
• STORAGE
• SPACE
• PATICIPATION
• DISCOVERY
• RETRIEVAL
• KNOWLEDGE

	share	active	creative	host
example or comment	You have the ability to combine your knowledge of something with another person
	story 	re-connect	personalise	stream
example or comment			You are able to relate on a deeper level to something that nobody else can
	experience	store	scale	immerse
example or comment		Store something on your phone
	interface	live	adapt	binge
example or comment		A real-life video broadcast that people can watch	You are able to change what you’re doing or saying or how you are acting based on the environment around you	Netflix for example, allows you to watch an unlimited amount of programs
	conversation	re-perform	circulate	endless 
example or comment	A discourse in which you engage with another person while successfully demonstrating turn-taking

With the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, there has been a rise in malicious cyber activity against the United States, Ukraine, and Russia. A prominent and rare documented use of artificial intelligence in conflict is on behalf of Ukraine, using facial recognition software to uncover Russian assailants and identify Ukrainians killed in the ongoing war.