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Revision, press episode 3

Regulation, truth, accountability.

Truth- Habermas The transformation of the public sphere theory, to which people have narrowed down newspapers from a wide larger audience platform to share many different opinions and ideologies to a few mainstream newspaper products owned by mass media conglomerates with a political bias, in addition to the rise of new technology which analyse what you like and read and shows you more articles based on the political viewpoint that you have been reading the most and searching for, therefore not allowing more opinions to be shared with multiple political compasses to people with differing ideologies. Conceptually thinking, society can by viewed as a pyramid with the royals at the top, press in the middle that tries to connect the top with the society at the bottom (us), the middle (the press, newspapers, media) tries to hold people from higher up to account to show the bottom however the bottom don’t know completely what is going on, e.g. blackmailing the minister episode 1 in the press, or prince Andrew.

– Chomsky the five mass filters of media and manufacture of consent, The idea that the people in higher power have a relationship to control what is said, and media products not fully giving the full story to cater to what the audience wants to see and buy (through adverts etc..) instead of actually catering to what we need to hear. A tactic for popularity and wealth.

REVISION (PRESS EP 3)

The abuse of power – Joshua West

Rules and Regulation

The substantiation of Truth and Reality –

The rise of new technologies –

The complicit links between those in power at the expense of those who are subservient – Habermas’ transformation of public sphere. Holding people to account, especially those at the top. Chomsky said that consent is manufactured, meaning that it serves someone’s self interest.

Revision of some key terms

Task

Make a new post – call it Revision of Key ideas 1 (or whatever you think is appropriate for you).

Use the headings above to make some notes that help you to understand and engage with these key ideas.

Base your notes on class discussion, your own knowledge, knowledge you have identified in another source (book, web site etc), illustrations or examples from Press.

Letter to the Free

Common

An American rapper and actor. He has won many awards such as grammys for best R&B song, best rap album at the grammys, and many more. He launched ‘Think Common Entertainment, a record label in 2011. He has acted / voice acted in films/tv shows: Date night, suicide squad, small foot, now you see me, never have I ever and many more.

13th amendment

Abolished Slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. There is a loophole in the 13th amendment- which allowed slavery to continue and provided more discrimination that still happens in today’s society.

Documentary:

Released in 2016. Film director and maker, Ava DuVernay, speaks about the history of racial inequality in the USA. Showing us that America’s prisons are filled with many more African-Americans than white Caucasians. It points out how much harm can be caused by slavery.

https://hautlieucreative.co.uk/media23al/wp-content/uploads/sites/58/2022/01/Music-as-Political-Protest.pdf

Cultural Hegemony

Key Concepts:
● Cultural resistance
● Cultural hegemony
● Subcultural theory

The Idea of Resistance and Political Protest

Key idea: the political, personal and cultural are always intertwined

Culture is what influences people’s hearts, minds and opinions. This is the site of popular change.

Antonio Gramsci

Hegemonic: dominant, ruling-class, power-holders
Hegemonic culture: the dominant culture
Cultural hegemony: power, rule, or domination maintained by ideological and cultural means.
Ideology: worldview – beliefs, assumptions and values

Functions by framing the ideologies of the dominant social group as the only legitimate
ideology.

(slide 3) The dominant social groups are shown through its economic, political, moral and social institutions.

Subculture

Working-class youth culture
Unified by shared tastes in style, music and ideology
A solution to collectively experienced problems
A form of resistance to cultural hegemony

Song lyrics

“We ain’t seen as human beings with feelings” I chose this lyric because it points out how people of colour are constantly being dehumanised.

“They stop, search and arrest our souls” I chose this lyric because people of colour don’t get the freedom deserve.

Post Colonialism

Looking at identity and representation through the lens of Empire and Colonialism.

Shadow of Slavery

Edward Said

Orientalism- the link between culture, imperial power and colonialism.

The arguments around postcolonial critical thought ‘constituted a fundamentally important political act’ (MacLeod, 200: 16)

The power to narrate, or to block other narratives from forming or emerging, is very important to culture and imperialism– Edward Said Culture and Imperialism, 1993: xiii

In this view, the outlying regions of the world have no life, history or culture to speak of, no independence or integrity worth representing without the West.‘ (Said, 1993: xxi).

Jacque Lacan “The other”

Search for identity by looking at the mirror or other things. You are only self conscious and aware when you see yourself in the mirror.

MAYBELLINE Notes

This advert is very good in the sense that they’re advocating gender, sexuality, race and social class. For starters, they have 3 characters, two men and one female. The female is a person of colour (representation of race), the main male character is an openly gay white male (representation of sexuality) and the second male who is the ‘bell boy’ is also Caucasian, (this has representations of reversed gender stereotypes as usually adverts would cast a female to reinforce the Male Gaze, however, this advert’s main target are females and men who don’t identify as straight, so the male gaze wouldn’t even be an issue.

While it is amazing that there is Pride representation in this advertisement, I do feel as though they have over exaggerated the fact that he is gay. The fluidity of identity is great and many gay males who are interested in makeup are stereotypically seen as the way he has been portrayed, which is no problem, but the advert makes it seem more over the top and exaggerated than it needs to be. Almost like they are trying to show off that they are the first beauty company to include a gay male in their advert, instead of focusing on what they’re representing and what they’re selling.

By having the apartment/room in ‘New York’ it indicates that people with a higher social class are still legible to purchase the Mascara without feeling ashamed. The apartment/room has a window that you can see out of that shows the outside as a bit of a dump/not as cleaned up and gorgeous as it typically should be, which has representations of people with lower social classes are able to purchase the item too.

The is a hashtag in the bottom left corner during part of the video. This is a very good marketing move as people who see it will go on social media and use it, therefor, spreading it around and basically doing the promo for the company for free.

Pushing the frontiers further, a gay YouTube star has become the first male model for international cosmetic giant Maybelline.‘ Not only was this a huge step, but it was also international, meaning that people from all cultures, sexuality, gender, race and social class is available to view it.

Manny tweeted, “Can’t believe Maybelline posted me on Instagram. I think I’m the first boy they’ve ever posted! We’re breaking boundaries guys!”‘ This suggests that it is a major step in the right direction to some sort of equality.

“I’ve gone through all of it, I’ve literally heard every single name in the book be told to me,” he recalled.‘ Talking about homosexuality and homophobia, he speaks up about being called many inappropriate names. This advert allows him to feel like himself and keep confident, which is why the gender and sexuality representation is a major key as other males or people part of the LGBTQ+ Community can also feel themselves when they use the Maybelline Mascara (the product they are trying to sell)

REpresentation- natasha rawley

The Male Gaze and Laura Mulvey:

Feminist film expert, Laura Mulvey, invented the concept of women being looked at in a very sexualised way by males in order to make them feel important and better about themselves, objectifying them. This is called The Male Gaze- the way in which men look at women in a sexualising way.

John Berger:

John Berger was an English Art Critic who wrote the famous essay ‘Ways of Seeing’. This essay includes ideas of the different ways men and women are represented in visual media, and Laura Mulvey’s concept of The Male Gaze.

“Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at. This determines not only most relations between men and women but also the relation of women to themselves.” – Ways of Seeing