Pg 32- “Panorama” segment covers new from around the world, showing how the i has expanded into different regions globally
Gender
women making up 52–55% of its readers The term
Patriotism
front cover– “Magnificent celebrations climax in pageantry and parties for millions” “A joyous jubilee” ” pg 14– “keep Togetherness”, this shows that The Daily Mail supports the Royal Family
Front page ‘The new Firm’ slightly critical of Royal Family
Racism
War
Page 18- Macron “Declared how unwise it would be to humiliate Russia”
Pg 27-“Battle to save the sunken liquid gold”, Irrelavent to working class
Regulation
PG 38- Publishing a controversial (possibly sexist) article “Men as monsters: is that really radical?” showing less regulation than certain other papers have
The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million
Protectionism
Taxes
Neoliberalism
Conservative
“Grim crack of Tory MP’s moving against Boris Johnson,” “As to the second they are either clueless or dont care”
The paper takes a centre-right political stance and is considered to be the voice of ‘Middle-England‘
Sexism
“Barely 6 months ago it was feared that the sexual abuse case against him would inflict untold damage on the Queen’s jubilee”
“suffragette” was first used in 1906, as a term of derision by the journalist Charles E. Hands in the Mail to describe activists in the movement for women’s suffrage,
Fusion of information and entertainment
PG 24- heading “Met chief must restore trust” directly next to Liam Gallagher concert review shows that paper is trying to entertain and inform as opposed to the daily mail which is essentially brainwashing readers into thinking the jubilee is great
The paper is classified as a ‘quality‘ in the UK market but is published in the standard compact tabloid-size format. the i has developed a strong national reputation over time. The paper is understood to be highly regarded by many journalists The i was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.
Authoritarian
Still uses an Editorial ie the voice of one over many?
It strongly defends conservative or traditional values and regularly speaks-out against liberal views
Does not have voice of editor, but an ‘Opinion Matrix’ instead ie a range of different voices and opinion – so much more freedom and plurality (=many) in voice and thought?
The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million
Libertarian
Title “The i” connotates that that’s its more collaborative in that —
PG 18-22- “the opinion matrix” is 4 pages of opinions from numerous people including viewers – opposed to daily mail which has opinions from one person
Does not have voice of editor, but an ‘Opinion Matrix’ instead ie a range of different voices and opinion – so much more freedom and plurality (=many) in voice and thought?
e paper chose not to declare for either “leave” or “remain” during Brexit, unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate
Facts
Daily Mail
First published in 1896
website has more than 218 million unique visitors per month
receiving the National Newspaper of the Year award from The Press Awards eight times since 1995
sold an average of 896,455 copies each day – or 767,021 on weekdays and 1,449,049 on Saturdays
The paper takes a centre-right political stance and is considered to be the voice of ‘Middle-England‘
It strongly defends conservative or traditional values and regularly speaks-out against liberal views
women making up 52–55% of its readers
The term “suffragette” was first used in 1906, as a term of derision by the journalist Charles E. Hands in the Mail to describe activists in the movement for women’s suffrage,
The I
Launched in 2010
The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million.
average daily circulation of 145,411
the paper chose not to declare for either “leave” or “remain” during Brexit, unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate
The i was also found in a 2018 poll to be the second-most trusted news brand in the UK after The Guardian
‘Authoritarianism’ vs. ‘Liberalism’: our own attitudes
ACTIVITY 1: Complete the Political Compass Survey to give you an understanding of left / right . . . authoritarian / libertarian . . .
If news media (and other media forms?) exhibit bias, how can we identify and critically understand it? A good starting point may be to identify our own social-economic-political bias, so take this survey from ‘The Political Compass’ (link to test).
Post up the image of your results from the Political Compass and make some brief notes that show your understanding of left / right politics and authoritarian / libertarian forms of social control.
About the Political Compass
In the introduction, we explained the inadequacies of the traditional left-right line.
If we recognise that this is essentially an economic line it’s fine, as far as it goes. We can show, for example, Stalin, Mao Zedong and Pol Pot, with their commitment to a totally controlled economy, on the hard left. Socialists like Mahatma Gandhi and Robert Mugabe would occupy a less extreme leftist position. Margaret Thatcher would be well over to the right, but further right still would be someone like that ultimate free marketeer, General Pinochet.
That deals with economics, but the social dimension is also important in politics. That’s the one that the mere left-right scale doesn’t adequately address. So we’ve added one, ranging in positions from extreme authoritarian to extreme libertarian.
Both an economic dimension and a social dimension are important factors for a proper political analysis. By adding the social dimension you can show that Stalin was an authoritarian leftist (ie the state is more important than the individual) and that Gandhi, believing in the supreme value of each individual, is a liberal leftist. While the former involves state-imposed arbitrary collectivism in the extreme top left, on the extreme bottom left is voluntary collectivism at regional level, with no state involved. Hundreds of such anarchist communities existed in Spain during the civil war period
You can also put Pinochet, who was prepared to sanction mass killing for the sake of the free market, on the far right as well as in a hardcore authoritarian position. On the non-socialist side you can distinguish someone like Milton Friedman, who is anti-state for fiscal rather than social reasons, from Hitler, who wanted to make the state stronger, even if he wiped out half of humanity in the process.
The chart also makes clear that, despite popular perceptions, the opposite of fascism is not communism but anarchism (ie liberal socialism), and that the opposite of communism ( ie an entirely state-planned economy) is neo-liberalism (ie extreme deregulated economy)
The usual understanding of anarchism as a left wing ideology does not take into account the neo-liberal “anarchism” championed by the likes of Ayn Rand, Milton Friedman and America’s Libertarian Party, which couples social Darwinian right-wing economics with liberal positions on most social issues. Often their libertarian impulses stop short of opposition to strong law and order positions, and are more economic in substance (ie no taxes) so they are not as extremely libertarian as they are extremely right wing. On the other hand, the classical libertarian collectivism of anarcho-syndicalism ( libertarian socialism) belongs in the bottom left hand corner.
In our home page we demolished the myth that authoritarianism is necessarily “right wing”, with the examples of Robert Mugabe, Pol Pot and Stalin. Similarly Hitler, on an economic scale, was not an extreme right-winger. His economic policies were broadly Keynesian, and to the left of some of today’s Labour parties. If you could get Hitler and Stalin to sit down together and avoid economics, the two diehard authoritarians would find plenty of common ground.
A Word about Neo-cons and Neo-libs
U.S. neo-conservatives, with their commitment to high military spending and the global assertion of national values, tend to be more authoritarian than hard right. By contrast, neo-liberals, opposed to such moral leadership and, more especially, the ensuing demands on the tax payer, belong to a further right but less authoritarian region. Paradoxically, the “free market”, in neo-con parlance, also allows for the large-scale subsidy of the military-industrial complex, a considerable degree of corporate welfare, and protectionism when deemed in the national interest. These are viewed by neo-libs as impediments to the unfettered market forces that they champion.
ACTIVITY 2: Take a screen shot of your Political Compass Survey and post on to your blog (this will help to give you an understanding of left / right . . . authoritarian / libertarian . . .)
– national daily tabloid newspaper – launched in 1896 – middle-market newspaper published in London – horizontally integrated with metro newspaper and the i – regulated by IPSO – right-wing newspaper – embraces the opportunities of digital technology – 218 million visitors per month – website is the most visited news website in the world – one of the first British papers to popularize its coverage to appeal to a mass readership – print circulation has fallen below 900,000 for the first time in more than 100 years – Yellow Journalism – sensationalistic or biased stories that newspapers present as objective truth
– national daily ‘quality tabloid’ – launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent – regulated by IPSO – left-wing newspaper – paper and its website bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) in 2019, for £49.6 million developed a strong national reputation over time – average daily circulation of 145,411 – chose not to declare for either ‘leave’ or ‘remain’ during brexit, unlike other papers
KEY WORD/THEME
DEFINITION
DAILY MAIL
THE I
Commodification
Within a capitalist economic system, commodification is the transformation of things such as goods, services, ideas, nature, personal information, people or animals into objects of trade or commodities.
PG22: ‘passed around on Whatsapp … file saying Boris is ‘no longer an electoral asset” – commodifying personal info to make money
sold do Daily Mail and General Trust in 2019
left
a group or party favouring radical, reforming, or socialist views, focusing on humanity
PGfrontcover – Front cover ‘Johnson future turning toxic for Tories’
right
a group or party favouring conservative or reactionary views, focusing on business and economy
PG18: ‘the truth is that Boris Johnson is by a country mile the best person to lead the tory government and the country at this time’
PG28 – ‘transport secretary’ tells airports ‘its YOUR job to sort out queues chaos’
libertarianism
promoting ideas of freedom
PG18-22 – ‘the Opinions Matrix’ portrays views of many people ‘Tony Fitzjohn… Ian Birrel… John Burn-Murdoch…etc’
authoritarianism
promoting the idea of strict centralised control
uses the editorial to promote voice of editor and voice of editor only
regulation
a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority
regulated by IPSO
regulated by IPSO
counter-terrorism/military
measures designed to combat or prevent terrorism
PG18 – ‘Justified use of military against Russia’
PG25 – ‘UK sends in war crime experts’
PG17-‘ britian send long-range arms for the first time’
one party state
type of sovereign state in which only one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution
PG2: ‘no alternative candidate’
authority
the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience/a person or organization having political or administrative power and control
PG18: ‘labour’s chances of winning an overall majority are vanishingly small’
democracy
a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representative
racial superiority
belief that a certain race is superior to all others
PG18 – “Boris is right and macron wrong. Saving Putins face is a mugs game
equality
the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities
PG 23 – ‘proof that the poorest people get his worse by soaring inflation’ – makes people aware of less fortunate people
nationalism/patriotism
the quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country
Pg6 – “Final parade was so very British”
Header above many pages “Our platinum queen” – use of our shows a support for the queen and shows patriotism
PG24 – ‘Dad-rock cosplay… but its a triumph 26’ *image of Liam Gallagher* – embracign british culture
Information fused with entertainment
mixing news and entertainment in order to distract people
Left wing = More concerned with humanity; Collective
Right wing = More concerned with economics/ business; Individualist.
Authoritarian = The idea of power and control.
Libertarian = The idea of freedom and liberty.
The Daily Mail
Audience:
It has a majority female readership, with women making up 52–55% of its readers.
Average age of its readers was 58.
Is considered to be the voice of ‘Middle-England‘ (middle class england).
“Highest-circulated daily newspaper. February 2020 show gross daily sales of 1,134,184 for the Daily Mail.”
The i
Audience:
It is aimed at “readers and lapsed readers” of all ages and commuters with limited time (lapsed reader = They had not read since leaving formal education, or because their reading habits had been interrupted).
The paper had an average daily circulation of 302,757 in March 2013.
At the top of select pages there are links to the social media handles of ‘The i’, perhaps they are trying to connect to a younger audience, becoming more inclusive and progressive.
Page 20 – “Your view”, opinions from the audience (readers letters) ‘Collin and Kathy’ – Freedom of speech to present unheard voices. “Exposes the brutality of Israel’s treatment”
Essay Plan
“Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs. To what extent do media products targetaudiences by constructing an ideological view of the world?“
Define authoritarian/ libertarian/ right/ left/ political compass
Introduce CSP’s and key information about each paper.
The purpose of newspaper is to highlight global issues and to reflect the conversation of the ‘public sphere’. Habermas (1989) says that the newspaper has allowed a libertarian expression of thought and opinion, he comments on how the media is an ‘arena of public debate’. Curran reinforces this ideology by saying that “the freedom to publish in the free market ensures that the press reflects a wide range of opinions and interests.” Different newspapers use their political stance to influence their target audiences, providing information that links to their ideological view of the world. ‘The Daily Mail’ and ‘The i’ provide us with opposing ideological viewpoints. ‘The Daily Mail’ evidently constructs a right wing political stance with support for the conservative party whilst ‘The i’ is presenting a more libertarian, central viewpoint.
Analysis
KEY THEME/ ISSUE/ KEY WORD
The Daily Mail (Textual evidence)
The Daily Mail (Institutional evidence)
The I (Textual evidence)
The I (Institutional evidence)
Globalization
August 2016: The ‘Daily Mail‘ began a partnership with ‘The People’s Daily‘, the official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party. This partnership included publishing articles in the ‘MailOnline’ produced by The People’s Daily. The agreement appeared to observers to give the paper an edge in publishing news stories sourced out of China, but it also led to questions of censorship regarding politically sensitive topics.
– Implies that the newspaper shares the views of ‘Communism’ through
Political stance (Right/Left, Conservative/ Labour, Authoritarian/Libertarian)
Page 3 – “Tory rebels”, “We are strongest when united”, “No alternative candidate” (The Daily Mail is supportive of this one party state) Suggesting that the UK is a one party state (right authoritarian). Authoritarian viewpoint
Page 18 (Daily Mail Comment/ Editorial, the voice of the newspaper) – “Boris is right” “Humiliation, Malice, Superiority” “If the Tories implode, they could let in the nightmare coalition of the Labour etc.”
Page 23 – Strong views of support for the conservative party “outsting PM now would be nothing less than insanity”
As a right-wing tabloid, the Mail is traditionally a supporter of the Conservative Party.
Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mail’s editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s.
According to a December 2004 survey, 53% of Daily Mail readers voted for the Conservative Party
The paper is generally critical of the BBC, which it says is biased to the left
– Right wing stance which seems more concerned with buisness and authority over humanity.
Front cover: ‘Johnson future turning toxic for Tories
‘The i‘ chose not to endorse a political party throughout the 2016 elections.
During the referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either “leave” or “remain”
Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for The i. His column usually features in the “My View” comment section of the paper.
Perhaps, the paper is a more ‘centralist’ viewpoint rather than supporting one political ideology.
Business over humanity
The ‘Daily Mail and General Trust’, the publishers of ‘The Daily Mail’, ‘The Independent’ and ‘The i’ etc. The Daily Mail is a conglomerate which uses horizontal integration to merge ownership over many newspaper products.
The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million
originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent.
Patriotism/ Nationalism (support of own country)
Page 6 – National pride “final parade was so very British” Page 10 – “How the nation came together to put on a right royal spread
Page 14 – “keep the togetherness”, “lets not go back to bickering after the weekend”- The Royal Family are presented as more important/ superior
Support for the Royal Family
Front page – “magnificent celebrations”, “joyous jubilee”- The paper seems to be in support of the monarchy, celebrating their status.
Special insert with coverage of the Queen’s Jubilee – “our platinum queen” – Page 4 of insert “Our beacon of duty”
Front page – “Slimmed down Royal Family is revealed in Jubilee finale”
Page 7 – “A grand spectacle packed with pomp, silliness” – ‘The i’ is criticizing the over dramatic parades seen at the Queen’s jubilee. (The Queen) “absent from so far, absent from party at the palace” – Bringing light to the lack of royal presentation when all this money and effort put into creating the Queen’s jubilee.
Power through authority
Page 20 – “Sturgeon keeps schtum over bullying inquiry” – Perhaps the paper is in support of the abuse of status/ authority .
Racial superiority/ Immigration
Terrorism
LGBTQ+ Representation
Page 21 – “backlash as transgender paedophile is spared jail” – Perhaps the newspaper perceives those in the LGBTQ+ community as dangerous individuals.
Page 22 – Representing the voice of a LGBTQ+ individual. Presenting diverse views. She says that “pride month is an empty gesture” and how Pride has been stripped of celebration for individuality it is now “one giant rainbow painted empty gesture”.
The Mail described one of the judges as “openly gay.” Critics accused the Mail of unnecessarily highlighting the judge’s sexual orientation due to anti-gay motives.
Difference inReligion
“From each according to his ability, to each according to his need”
Education
Page 32 – Presenting the university ideal, concluding that higher education is the only way to success and knowledge. “My lifelong shame over failing to go to university”
Tax
Reproduction
Page 39 – “decided to pay Svetlana to have their baby”, “your Ukrainian surrogate”, perhaps they are presenting this view that immigrants are objects of slavery. Ridiculing couples who rely on surrogacy to reproduce?
Commodification
Regulation
Money VS Unemployment
The Military/ Violence
Page 28 – The paper is presenting this idea that the Military should be kept to deal with violence and not waste time on minor issues such as helping in an airport. – “The army is not a snap solution to every problem”
Representation of different countries.
Page 16 – Not a news story, an advert. “You should be reading this on the front page” – Use of statistics and numbers to shock the audience into making a change.
Page 32 – ‘Panorama’ section which provides news stories from other countries over the world. Under-represented countries such as; ‘Cambodia’, ‘Bangladesh’, ‘
Left wing = More concerned with humanity.; Collective
Right wing = More concerned with economics/ business. Individualist.
Authoritarian = The idea of power and control.
Libertarian = The idea of freedom and liberty.
Key word / theme / question etc
Key word/Theme/Question
The Daily Mail (Textual Evidence)
The Daily Mail (Institutional Evidence)
The I (Textual Evidence)
The I (Institutional Evidence)
Titles of Newspapers
The font of the Masthead suggests old and traditional.
The Masthead suggests connotations of an eyeball- sees everything or the first-person pronoun “I” suggesting a collection of opinions which are representative of the public.
Globalisation
Page 16: “do you know people are dying right now-at an estimated rate of one person every 48 seconds.” – significant to put this advert into the newspaper-suggests audience and more community based and caring for other countries. suggests libertarian views.
Business over humans
Patriotism (strong belief in your country)
Front cover: “Joyous Jubilee” “Magnificent Celebrations” – showing support towards the queen and her reigning period.
Nationality
Page 5-6: ‘Queen hopes for “renewed sense of togetherness”- suggests
Page 2: “we are strongest when united.”- suggests all people of all beliefs within the UK can make Britain stronger if we come together.
Page 20: “This is not an anti-Semitism- but simply exposes the brutality of Israel’s treatment of Palestinians.
Racial superiority
Page 25: “UK sends in war crime experts”- suggests otherization and that Britain are launching an investigation after 1 British-Ukrainian faces the death penalty and 3 other British soldiers have been captured.- only care because of the British soldiers. They are getting involved because they think they should regulate.
Page 18: “Britain’s outcomes compare well with the rest of the developed world.”- suggests Britain dealt with the pandemic better than the rest of the world. Nationalism.
Page 18: “Boris is right and Macron wrong. Saving Putin’s face is a mug’s game.
Militarism (use of military)
The fusion of entertainment and news / information
Page 19: “Is the West End going broke because it’s gone all woke?” – suggests that Theatres in England received a backlash and are currently struggling after changing famous narratives in order to create more diversity like cinderella where the prince is gay and runs off with the duke instead.
Lord Rothermere was friends with Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler and directed the Editorial towards them in the early 1930s.
The i chose not to endorse in a political party.
Class differentiation/Social status
Page 23: “Ousting PM now would be nothing less than insanity”- shows the daily mail supports Boris Johnson through his hypocritical actions (disobeying covid restrictions).
Page 18: “Britain’s outcomes compare well with the rest of the developed world.”
Page 14: “The Prince of Wales unites the UK” – suggests the Royal family are superior.
Page 2: “Tory rebels are plotting course to catastophe” – suggests right wing beliefs
right-wing and supports conservative party
Restriction of Immigration
Page 39: “What happens when your Ukrainian surrogate has to flee a war and move in with you.”
Religion
Relationship freedom (family/friends/partner)
Misogyny/gender inequality
Ableism
Regulation of media/market
Publisher : DMG Media
The owner of the Daily Mail, DMGT, has bought the i newspaper and website for £49.6m from JPI Media
Education
Violence
Page 19: “Vladimir Putin deserves to be crushed for the sake of his country-and Europe.”-suggests a common opinion of anti-putin and support for Ukraine and the neighbouring countries.
Terrorism
LGBT
The Daily Mail:
Harmsworth family, Viscounts Rothermere own The Daily Mail.
Type: Public limited company
Publisher : DMG Media
First issue date:1896
Headquarters: Derry Street London
Awards: The Press Award for Newspaper Of the year.
Revenue: £1.1 billion (2021)
Lord Rothermere was friends with Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler and directed the Editorial towards them in the early 1930s.
Generally Critical of the BBC
woman make up 52-55% of readers.
right-wing and supports conservative party
The I:
Owner: Daily Mail and General Trust
Headquarters: Northcliffe House; London, England
Founded: 26 October 2010; 11 years ago
The owner of the Daily Mail, DMGT, has bought the i newspaper and website for £49.6m from JPI Media
