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GENRE PT:2

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Steve Neale: “Genre is a repetition of differences and similarities to create different stories”

He argues that definitions and formations of genres are developed by media organisations. Furthermore it is seen that genres can change massively overtime, for example in 2002 Spider-man was released, which showed characters with super-human abilities to defeat villains with an opposing power, the films were seen to be comic like and colourful, whereas films from the exact same company like x-men were darker and more rough. But fast forward 20 years, action films are seen to have a lot more aspects of comedy and adventure in them to intrigue the viewers and keep the genre fresh and interesting.

This goes with Neales idea that genre keeps changing as society and humanity changes as well, film genre’s represent what is going on in the current moment in history, that could be opinions, events, politics, anything.

Genre

genre

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Genre is based around similarities and differences.

Genre is a way of thinking about media production (INSTITUTIONS) and media reception (AUDIENCES)

Texts hold similar patterns, codes and conventions that are both PREDICTABLE and EXPECTED, but are also INNOVATIVE and UNEXPECTED.

Genres can have sub-genres as well as hybrid genres (a combination of 2 genres)

It could be said that “genre is a system of codes, conventions and visual styles which enables an audience to determine rapidly and with some complexity the kind of narrative they are viewing” (Turner p.97 Film as Social Practice)

Steve Neale

predictable expectations- Something that can be guessed about a specific thing

reinforced–

amplify 

repertoire of elements

corpus 

verisimilitude– the appearance of being true or real.

realism 

construction of reality.

 historically specific 

hybrid genres/sub genres

Genre

genre

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Genre: a style or category of art, music, or literature.

Genre is about being predictable yet unpredictable, it will follow general ideas and trends, this being the genre, but needing to be innovative and different as well.

Genre is important for both those who consume it (Audience) and those who make it (Institution).

(Genre creates an expected trend for the consumer which makes it significant for the creation on consumption of it)

The genre may be considered as a practical device for helping any mass medium to produce consistently and efficiently and to relate its production to the expectations of its customers. Since it is also a practical device for enabling individual media users to plan their choices, it can be considered as a mechanism for ordering the relations between the two main parties to mass communication.Dennis McQuail 1987, p. 200

. . . saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures . . .Scorsese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)

Genre, Ghost Town, Moving Image, Notes

Genre

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A style, type or category of entertainment. Often predictable.

Genre rests around a relationship between similarities and differences.

Genres are very important for institutions, audiences and industries.

“Producers are saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures” – this suggests that limitations are set out when attempting to create a film or moving image that will sell well, and there are difficulties in keeping similar ideas to fit the target audience, but making it slightly different so it isn’t boring or repetitive.

Steve Neale: “Genre is a repetition of differences and similarities to create different stories”

He argues that definitions and formations of genres are developed by media organisations. Furthermore it is seen that genres can change massively overtime, for example in 2002 Spider-man was released, which showed characters with super-human abilities to defeat villains with an opposing power, the films were seen to be comic like and colourful, whereas films from the exact same company like x-men were darker and more rough. But fast forward 20 years, action films are seen to have a lot more aspects of comedy and adventure in them to intrigue the viewers and keep the genre fresh and interesting.

This goes with Neales idea that genre keeps changing as society and humanity changes as well, film genre’s represent what is going on in the current moment in history, that could be opinions, events, politics, anything.

Essays, Genre, Theory

Genre

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a style or category of art, music, or literature.

The genre may be considered as a practical device for helping any mass medium to produce consistently and efficiently and to relate its production to the expectations of its customers. Since it is also a practical device for enabling individual media users to plan their choices, it can be considered as a mechanism for ordering the relations between the two main parties to mass communication.

Dennis McQuail 1987, p. 200

Genre rests around a relationship surrounding similarities and differences. Genre’s are really important for institutions and audiences.

. . . saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures . . .

Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)

Institutions can become genres in themselves.

Steve NealeNeale believes that films of a type (genre, like romance or horror) should include features that are similar, so the audience know it is a horror film or romance, but also include features that are different, to keep an audience interested. This is his theory of repetition and difference.
 predictable expectationsexpectations that others have too that are set before and also throughout reading a book, watching a film or listening to a song.
reinforced
amplify
repertoire of elementsthe repetition of components that make up the ‘body’ of similar texts – corpus.
corpusbody of similar texts.
verisimilitude
realism
construction of reality
historically specific
sub-genres
hybrid genres
different
familiar
Essays, Genre, Theory

genre

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a style or category of art, music, or literature.

  • Genre rests around a relationship between similarities and differences
  • Genres are important for raising expectations from a small snippet
  • Genres are important for institutions and audiences

“saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures“

Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)
  • many movies the same as made by same people (Disney, Warner bro, Universal etc.)

08/02/22

  •  predictable expectations– always behaving or occurring in the way expected.
  • reinforced-strengthen (an existing feeling, idea, or habit)
  • amplify -enlarge upon or add detail to
  • repertoire of elements–  features of a film that are repeated within a genre
  • corpus– a collection of written texts, especially the entire works of a particular author or a body of writing on a particular subject
  • verisimilitude-the appearance of being true or real
  • realism– the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life
  • construction of reality–  a phenomenon that we know and is independent, that is, does not depend on the existence of a particular individual
  • historically specific–  Historical people, situations, or things existed in the past and are considered to be a part of history
  • sub-genres– genre that is part of a larger genre
  • hybrid genres–  they share the conventions of more than one genre.
Essays, Genre, Theory

Genre

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A genre is a type/category of art, media or literature. It comes from the French word meaning ‘kind’ or ‘sort’. Genre rests around a relationship between similarities and differences. Genres are very important to institutions and audiences.

“saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures” – Martin Scorcese, a personal journey through American cinema (1995)

Genres are the same, but different at the same time.

Genre

genre

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genre rests around a relationship between similarities and differences

What is Genre:

– A style or category of art, music, or literature.

It helps identify how media texts are classified, organised and understood, essentially around SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCE. Media texts hold similar patterns, codes and conventions that are both PREDICTABLE and EXPECTED, but are also INNOVATIVE (different) and UNEXPECTED.

Genre is a way of thinking about media production (INSTITUTIONS) and media reception (AUDIENCES). 

. . . saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures . . .Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)

Genre is important for institutions and audiences as they become recognisable by their own styles.

Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)

. . . saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures . . .Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)

Essays, Genre

genre theory

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Genre is a type of music, film and anything which can be performed in different ways throughout media. There are differences and similarities, predictable or expected. It should also be unpredictable. Different people see genre in different ways- people who consume it.

Genre should be predictable and go along with the typical genre conventions but should also be innovative and unexpected. Genre is important to the people who make it (INSTITUTION) and the people who consume it (AUDIENCE).

Genre is a way of thinking about media production and media reception.

It helps identify how media texts are classified, organised and understood, essentially around SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCE. Media texts hold similar patterns, codes and conventions that are both PREDICTABLE and EXPECTED, but are also INNOVATIVE (different) and UNEXPECTED.

. . . saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures . . .

Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)

Institutions : Early Hollywood (an still today) revolved around large corporations which could be identified by certain styles and genres.

 “genres are dependent upon profitability”

Genre

genre

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A style or category of art, music, or literature. Genre rests around a relationship between similarities and differences. You want something that’s predictable and expected but also innovative and unexpected.

Genres are important to institutions, companies and audiences.

. . . saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures . . .Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995).