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No offence and the killing

NO OFFENCE

  • The first episode of no offence launched with 2.5 million viewers
  • The first series focuses on the teams investigation into serial murders of young girls with down syndrome
  • First episode date was May 5, 2015

A group of police officers try their best to keep the streets of Manchester free of crime. When all else fails, they decide to use unconventional methods to teach the perpetrators a lesson.

No Offence - All 4

THE KILLING

  • The killing is a Danish police procedural drama television
  • It premiered on the Danish national television channel DR1 on 7 January 2007
  • The series is set in copenhagen
  • It premiered on the Danish national television channel DR1 on 7 January 2007, and has since been broadcast in several other countries.
The Killing - Rotten Tomatoes

Television – CSP

No Offence:

No Offence is about a group of police officers try their best to keep the streets of Manchester free of crime. When all else fails, they decide to use unconventional methods to teach the perpetrators a lesson.

The drama show has a rating of 8/10 by IMDb and within the first episode No Offence launched with 2.5 million viewers on Channel 4 and was Channels 4’s biggest midweek drama launch for more than three years. However over night the show was loosing 1.2 million viewers and the weekly consolidated series average remained at 2.5 million views and finished 47% up on Channel 4’s slot average.

The country of origin of the show is the United Kingdom.

The genre of the show is Police procedural, Drama and Black comedy, with 3 series.

The Killing:

The Killing is crime series that follows the police investigation of the murder of a young girl. It interlocks three different stories.

The dram television show has a rating of 8.2/10 by IMDb.

The country of origin of the show is Denmark. The show translates to Forbrydelsen, meaning The Crime’.

The genre of the show is Crime Drama, Psychological Thriller, Mystery and Scandinavian Noir.

The series is noted for its plot twists, season-long storylines, dark tone and for giving equal emphasis to the stories of the murdered victim’s family and the effect in political circles alongside the police investigation. It has also been singled out for the photography of its Danish setting, and for the acting ability of its cast.

No Offence and The Killing

No Offence

A police series based in Manchester from the writer of ‘Shameless’. On channel 4. Has a women as the lead role, and other female characters as well as males.

Genres: Drama, Police procedural, Dark Comedy

The first episode launched with 2.5 million viewers.

Mark Scheme notes:

  • the importance of targeting an audience beyond the national evident in Channel 4’s investment in online company TRX (The Rights Exchange) which aims to facilitate the sale of programmes abroad
  • No Offence is produced by AbbotVision, the independent producer of Shameless – which was successfully remade in the US– suggesting that the appeal to an international audience is a deliberate strategy
  • No Offence represents British national culture to a British audience – but this identity is also used as a selling point internationally through the appeal of difference
  • The series has a social realist aesthetic which is a recognizable
    national style but is also popular in Europe (evidenced in the
    popularity of social realist films in Europe)
  • No Offence was broadcast on France2 the public service broadcaster, to very high viewing figures; the perceived weakness of French broadcast TV provides opportunities for export.
  • The series’ focus on the detective narrative and crime drama is familiar and understood globally, the representation of the independent, female detective has proven popularity.

Television

Television – A product which will provide rich and challenging opportunities for interpretation and
in depth critical analysis.

The missing

The Missing is a complex mainstream television product in which the codes and conventions of the crime drama are recognisable but they are also challenged and sometimes subverted.

Media Representations – The Missing provides a range of representational areas to explore; gender, the family, place,
issues, events, class. Negative and positive use of stereotypes
Opportunities for discussion of performative identities in the representation of gender in The Missing – Judith Butler
Feminist debates – Violence and the representation of gender. This could include the controversy around using violent crime against women as popular entertainment
Representations of family and their ideological significance
Representation of place – northern Europe and the Middle East
Analysis of how the representations convey values, attitudes and beliefs about the world
Theories of representation including Hall
Feminist theories including bell hooks and Van Zoonen

Media audiences

The production, distribution and circulation of The Missing shows how audiences can be reached, both on a national and global scale, through different media technologies and platforms, moving from the national to transnational through broadcast and digital technologies. The way in which different audience interpretations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances is evident in the analysis of The Missing which is explicitly linked to contemporary issues.

Social, political, economic and cultural contexts
The Missing’s parallel storylines, set in the past and present foregrounds the Iraq war and the political debates and controversies about the British involvement in it. The role of popular culture in examining past history is relevant here. The institution of the army frequently operates as a microcosm of wider social and cultural contexts in the exploration of changing expectations of gender roles as well its relationship to family structures. Values and ideologies of different cultures are represented through different religious and ethnic beliefs.

Witnesses

Television – product not in the English language

Media Language
The series is visually interesting, constructing a stylised representation of ‘real’ places which transmit meanings about characters, places and issues. A detailed analysis of different aspects of mise-en-scene will provide students with a strong foundation to build on in terms of analysing representations, ideological meanings and audience positioning.

Media Representations
Witnesses provides a range of representational areas to explore from the national and regional to family structures and gender roles. All of the areas tend to overlap with representations of nation signified through aspects of ethnicity, religion and class, while the reinforcement and subversion of gender stereotypes allow students to consider how representations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances:

Representation of national and regional identity (Northern France)

Representation of gender: The woman as detective, the male boss, gender stereotypes etc.
Feminist debates – Violence and the representation of gender. This could include the controversy around using violent crime against women as popular entertainment
Analysis of how the representations convey values, attitudes and beliefs about the world
Theories of representation including Hall
Feminist theories including bell hooks and Van Zoonen

Media Audiences
Issues of audience are also relevant throughout the other theoretical frameworks. In media language, the use of different formal structures to position the audience to receive and interpret meaning is central, while the study of representations has at its heart the reinforcement of social and cultural values for audiences.

Television

1. Overview and Screening

Overall, if a question comes up in one of the A2 exams about television it will ask you to compare one of 3 pairs. To be absolutely clear: you will need to talk about both of your specific texts BUT you can choose which pair you talk about. So your choice of paired texts are:

Either Capital (Series 1, episode 1) and Deutschland 83 (Series 1, episode 1) watched with 12B (pages 6-9)
OR
Witnesses (Series 1, episode 1) and The Missing (Series 2, episode 1) watched with 12D (pages 10-13)
OR
No Offence (Series 1, episode 1) and The Killing (Series 1, episode 1) watched with 12A (pages 15-17)

These are an in-depth CSP and need to be studied with reference to all four elements of the Theoretical Framework (Language, Representation, Industries, Audience) and all relevant contexts.

YOU MUST LOOK AT PAGES 5-17 in the CSP booklet for specific details of what you need to think about when studying TV CSP’s.

I will play them in sets of pairs for each of the three blocks, BUT if you wish to study a different pair then make sure you have watched each episode and have made relevant notes on BOTH of your programmes.

Genre Keywords

Steve Neale

  • Neale explains that Genre is a collection of structured repertoire of elements in which signify that a genre is a genre. For example a typically horror movie will have a dark forest, moody lighting, and dark colours.  
  • Predictable Expectations : This is where an audience can guess / know what will happen or occur during the movie / film.
  • Reinforced : A strong structure.
  • Amplify : Enlarge upon or add detail to (a story or statement).
  • Repertoire of Elements : Features of a film that are repeated within a genre.
  • Corpus : A language resource consisting of a large and structured set of texts.
  • Verisimilitude : The appearance of being true or real.
  • Realism : The accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life.
  • Construction of Reality :
  • Historically : A reference to past events.
  • Sub-Genres : A genre that is part of a larger genre.
  • Hybrid Genres : A genre that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres.
  • Different : Not the same as another or each other and is distinctive to others.
  • Familiar : Well known from long or close association.

genre 2: steve neale

The work of Steve Neale is often referred to when discussing genre. One area he looks at, is the relationship between genre and audiences. For example, the idea of genre as an enabling mechanism to attract audiences based around predictable expectations. He argues that definitions and formations of genres are developed by media organisations (he specifically discusses the film industry), which are then reinforced through various agencies and platforms, such as the press, marketing, advertising companies, which amplify generic characteristics and thereby set-up generic expectations.

  • A production company will usually focus on a certain genre when making movies, such as Marvel exclusively making movies based around the “Super Hero” genre. But how does this not get repetitive and boring for the audience? When looking back at previous movies in this genre, they look and feel a lot different than current day superhero movies, but why? Genre’s and production companies need to adapt and change their formulas to make sure their movies retain interest and preform well. Such as in current times these superhero movies including more humour nowadays than previously, they’ve adapted the genre in order to keep making movies they know will be very successful and entertaining. These decisions to adapt the genre are usually decided as society and culture changes.

Neale also promotes the idea that genre is a process, that genres change as society and culture changes. As such, genres are historically specific and reflect / represent changing ideas, attitudes, values and beliefs of society at any particular moment in history. This may explain, why genres are often blurred across different conventions and expectations, creating sub-genres, or hybrid genres, that mix-up, shape, adapt and adopt familiar ideas and expectations, but which essentially create something new (different) which is recognisable (familiar).

Some Keywords:

  • Repertoire of elements = When an audience consume a media text defined by a generic label they have certain expectations of the text, certain features which are often described as the ‘repertoire of elements’.
  • Verisimilitude = A film has verisimilitude if it seems realistic and the story has details, subjects, and characters that seem similar or true to real life, or mime convincing aspects of life in important or fundamental ways.
  • Construction of reality = offers a unique ability to reflect and resemble historical figures and events. … This is perhaps film’s greatest attraction and seduction: by capturing images in time, it seems not simply to represent things but to make them present.
  • Hybrid genres = A movie is a hybrid genre when instead of focusing exclusively on one genre, it blends two or more recognizable genres together. For example: … Beauty and the beast is a musical as well, but it also has fantasy elements and borrows from the romance genre.

Steve Neale: KEY WORDS

The idea of genre as an enabling mechanism to attract audiences based around predictable expectations. He suggests that genres are structured around a repertoire of elements which creates a corpus or body of similar texts, which could all belong to the same category.

Genre is a process, that genres change as society and culture changes. As such, genres are historically specific and reflect / represent changing ideas, attitudes, values and beliefs of society at any particular moment in history. This may explain, why genres are often blurred across different conventions and expectations, creating sub-genres, or hybrid genres

Genre is repetition of familiar conventions and difference to other media products within the genre

Key terms

predictable expectations– viewers can suggest what they think is going to happen based on the general conventions of a genre

reinforced– strengthen an idea

amplify– add detail or expand upon a story

repertoire of elements– features of a film that are repeated within a genre

corpus– a collection of written texts, especially the entire works of a particular author or a body of writing on a particular subject

verisimilitude– seems realistic and the story has details, subjects, and characters that seem similar or true to real life, or mime convincing aspects of life in important or fundamental ways

realism– the way in which a media representation is seen to relate to. real-world experience

construction of reality– the way in which media influences how we view real-life situations

historically specific– the genre will reflect / represent changing ideas, attitudes, values and beliefs of society at any particular moment in history

sub-genres– One of several categories within a particular genre

hybrid genres– share the conventions of more than one genre

Genre

Genre is area of media language

how media texts are classified, organised and understood, essentially around SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCE. In that media texts hold similar patterns, codes and conventions that are both PREDICTABLE and EXPECTED, but are also INNOVATIVE and UNEXPECTED.

Genre as ‘Textual Analysis’

Ed Buscombe notes that the ‘kind’ or ‘type’ of film is usually recognised “and largely determined by the nature of its conventions”. You can use genre to predict particular elements around: characterssettinglightingdialoguemusicsoundsmise-en-scene etc. Then should be able to elicit key characteristics (codes and conventions).

Notion of CREATIVITY. The way in which new ideas (creativity) emerge from the predictable and expected. 

SUB-GENRE film (a genre within a genre) or a HYBRID GENRE (a combination of two genres).

 “genre is a system of codes, conventions and visual styles which enables an audience to determine rapidly and with some complexity the kind of narrative they are viewing” -Turner

“saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures“

GENRE KEY WORDS

  • Predictable expectations: Viewers and consumers can predict the way the story will go.
  • Reinforced: Strengthen.
  • Amplify: Enlarge upon or add detail to (a story or statement).
  • Repertoire of events: Repeated events.
  • Corpus: a collection of written texts, especially the entire works of a particular author or a body of writing on a particular subject.
  • Verisimilitude: the appearance of being true or real.
  • Realism: the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
  • Construction of Reality:
  • Historically Specific: The media correctly represents what happened in the past.
  • Sub-Genres: a genre that is part of a larger genre
  • Hybrid Genres: A hybrid genre is a genre that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres
  • Different: Not the same as another or each other; unlike in nature, form, or quality.
  • Familiar: well known from long or close association.