Category Archives: Exam Prep

Filters

Author:
Category:
Advertising, Essays, Exam Prep

essay prep

Leave a comment

In book gender trouble Judith says gender and sex are socially constructed categories

Butler critiques Freud’s concept of the oedipal complex and origins or homosexuality

Butler counterpoints earlier ideas of gender representation, for example, some of the ideas presented by Laura Mulvey seem to suggest that gender is fixed – male/female

suggests that gender is fluid, changeable, plural a set of categories to be played out and performed by individual subjects in individual moments in time and space

we have multiple identities that are performed to different people, in different social settings, under different social conditions

approach of gender as performative is to recognises a ‘phenomenon that is being reproduced all the time‘, which perhaps suggests that ‘nobody is a gender from the start.’

what it means to be a woman does not remain the same from decade to decade

Judith Butler suggests that our gender identity and sexuality is ever-changing depending on the context of the situation and that gender is something that is performed.

Score sentences

There is an indexical sign that all the women (excluding front left) are admiring the man due to their facial reactions and body language. It is trying to convey the idea that gender and sexuality is fixed; women must only be attracted to men (being their role in society to create pleasure for a man).

You can see a selective representation of both male and females: males are only depicted as being heterosexual, having to look a certain way and act the most powerful portraying a very patriarchal society

Maybelline sentences

They emphasise how important it is to ‘be comfortable with yourself’ and by which meaning you can perform how you would like to instead of having to follow the negative stereotypes.

“Lash like a boss” isn’t gender specific suggesting the message that you can be superior from day to day by changing your identity when wearing the mascara

Manny in this advert doesn’t portray a masculine look, rather more of a feminine kind with a gentle posture suggesting that men don’t have to perform to the masculine standards and can perform however they like and that their gender can somewhat be shifted according to a situation eg. getting ready for a party and wanting to get glammed up.

Exam Prep

ESSAY PREP

Leave a comment

Harry Styles

he is adamant that his venture is more than a celebrity endorsement.

“It was a fun little project” he said

Styles announced that he hoped to “dispel the myth of a binary existence”.

Judith Butler

Butler suggests that gender is not fixed and reinforced consistently through behaviour and performance. “an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of acts”. In other words, (eg. a man sitting in a certain way would make him a man/male)

“What it means to be a woman does not remain the same from decade to decade” as stated by Judith Butler indicates that the general society’s ideas and expectations around women are constantly changing as time goes on. For example, a long time ago, women were generally expected to not leave the house very much and focus on cleaning up after the man, and not work very strenuous jobs. While this view is still relevant to some degree today, it is far less prevalent, with women having no general “expectations” and they are allowed and not confined to particular jobs and hobbies.

Butler concludes that “masculinity and femininity are not naturally given states, but instead are maintained by individuals through everyday acts” – This means that you are not born male or female but your gender defines you through your actions everyday.

“The media, more importantly, plays a vital role in providing us with a set of gender-based templates that we use to inform those performances” – This means that the media provides us with a structure go to off of, of what is male and what is female based like actions.

“Gender is not solely determined by primary experiences during childhood” – This means that your gender is defined by your childhood experiences.

“Butler might argue that our identities are an open story, but she also acknowledges that heterosexuality is the dominant identity mode in our culture” – This means that she says our identities are open, but when it comes down to it, our culture is still very dominant in heterosexuality.

“Butler also examines the work of Sigmund Freud, who similarly explains same-sex affection as a form of melancholia.” – This means that Sigmund Freud explained same-sex affection to be caused by a feeling of deep sadness.

David Gauntlett

“In social structures in which tradition dominates, the notion of who we are is heavily determined by long-standing social forces” – This means that we don’t get much choice as these long-standing social forces have been here for much longer and therefore the tradition dominates.

“The roles that men and women are expected to fulfil, for example, are tightly regulated and heavily moderated by social customs.” – This means that society expects men and women to fulfil social customs and be a man / women.

“Men are expected to assume stereotypically masculine identities, to adopt the role of the primary earner, while women are expected to look after the children and clean the family home.” – These are all typical social ideals and beliefs of a patriarchal society.

“Audiences are active. They control the representations they want to engage with and can actively reject those that do not appeal.” – This means that the consumer decides what pieces of media he wants to consume and what he doesn’t want to consume

Essays, Exam Prep

Essay Prep 2

Leave a comment

Harry Styles

  • There is a sense that this brand is about celebrating what is already there and encouraging customers to be themselves.
  • Undoubtedly, the idea of this beauty line is to serve as an extension of Styles’ unique and much-revered aesthetic.
  • “It’s starting with nail polish because that was kind of the birth of what it was for,”
  • In July, the global beauty industry was valued at $511bn, with celebrity brands taking an increasingly significant share of the market. Fenty Beauty, the product line Rihanna launched in 2017, is now worth $2.8bn. 
  • However, he is adamant that his venture is more than a celebrity endorsement. “I don’t think that putting someone’s face on something sells a bad product,” Styles says in the interview.

Judith Butler

Judith Butler describes gender as “an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of acts.” In other words, it is something learnt through repeated performance, meaning that gender is not fixed and is more defined by the actions you make and and how you carry them out. This results in you finding the gender within yourself and allowing you to express this to others. This links to stereotypes people have for groups of people. For example boys are seen to be more serious and mature compared to girls. However, this is not always the case.

Exam Prep, Representation

Essay Prep

Leave a comment

Fluidity of Identity – The idea that identity can change over time due to changes in circumstances. For example, you may develop different ideas about your identity as you grow older and become more mature, or you could even experience it when something as simple as just moving house or country occurs.

Constructed Identity – The process of people developing certain ideas about themselves and their identity based on their experiences. – follow opinion leaders – two step flow

Negotiated Identity – The idea that many people can discuss and have different views about someone’s identity, and communicate this to change views. This can lead to changes in identity based on the input of other people.

Collective Identity – The idea that people are grouped into certain stereotypes. This may be for many different reasons, such as physical features, where someone is from or how someone acts. This often may not be positive, as countertypes ar very common in society, sometimes even more so than stereotypes.

Styles Notes

“The mission of this venture is to bring joyful experiences and products that excite the senses and blur the boundaries” – I think this is disingenuous because due to the idea of negotiated identity as described by David Gauntlett, the experiences that Styles describes as “joyful” may not always be such. because the opinions and viewpoints of others may affect the user of the counter typical make up’s experiences and thus change their identity.

Judith Butler describes gender as “an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of acts”. In other words, it is something learnt through repeated performance. This means that gender is not fixed, and is rather achieved by things you do and the ways in which you do them. This makes you find your gender in yourself, and also prove to others that your gender is what you say it is. For example, girls are allowed to be more fun and silly, compared to boys being more serious and mature, with boys partaking in more strenuous activities and girls appearing more “soft” and more caring.

Audience, Exam Prep

judith butler – gender theory

Leave a comment
  • Gender and identity is represented in many ways, many ways in which are communicated by us subconsciously constantly. Depending on your gender and how you wish to be represented, we do specific actions physically, verbally and non-verbally to communicate our gender and identity automatically.
  • For example, as a male you could represent your gender by dressing in a more masculine way, having facial hair or even by the way you smell.
  • By doing these different actions, society puts you into these constructed identity groups.
  • Judith counter-types these ideas that of gender representation. She doesn’t believe that certain actions should factor into how your gender is represented, such as why is body building regarded as a male thing to do? She thinks that these stereotypes and identifications are not fixed or definite states.

Harry Styles brand article

  • This brand is trying to break out of gender boundaries and groups by including typically more feminine products to be targeted and sold to men and all genders ad identities. Against repetition of gender performance.
  • The mission statement for his brand is: “bring joyful experiences and products that excite the senses and blur the boundaries”.
  • He states how this brand is more than a celebrity endorsement, this can be considered disingenuous and follows 2-step flow ideas.

“Styles announced that he hoped to “dispel the myth of a binary existence”

“Undoubtedly, there is serious value in beauty now. In July, the global beauty industry was valued at $511bn”

“Styles’s first business venture includes a range of nail polishes, an illuminating primer serum, and a dual-purpose eye and lip oil.”

Audience, Exam Prep

Judith Butler’s idEA OF GENDER PERFORMANCE

Leave a comment

Notes : Judith Butler

  • The idea that men are identified as men due to their masculine repetitive actions such as sitting with their legs spread out, where as, women cross their legs in a feminine manner. Our physical appearance also contributes to our identity and our repetitive acts by the way be ‘do things’ women shave and men typically don’t, women dress with pink, purples and nude colour clothing where as men it’s white, black, blue, red and green. This is because we have constructed and made colours, certain products, objects specific to genders.
  • We live in a fabricated world, where everything is constructed and one thing is one thing, men are men, women are women.
  • Repetition of gender performance.

Notes : Harry Style’s Brand

  • Pleasing includes, nail polishes, illuminating primer serum and a dual purpose eye, lip oil.
  • Harry is trying to aim his brand towards men to make “makeup is for women” a myth, to encourage men to also wear makeup and no feel ashamed.
  • Aim – “bring joyful experiences and products that excite the senses and blur the boundaries”. Styles announced that he hoped to “dispel the myth of a binary existence”.
  • Disingenuous
  • Could be just doing it for the money?
  • Popularity?
  • “Styles announced that he hoped to “dispel the myth of a binary existence”
  • “Undoubtedly, there is serious value in beauty now. In July, the global beauty industry was valued at $511 billion”
Advertising, Exam Prep, Notes, Representation

Judith Butler – Gender

Leave a comment
  • Certain acts and ideas depict your gender.
  • The idea of what you do, what you drink, how you talk and how you stand decides who you are, what you are and how you act all the time. It also can put you into one of society’s many groups, where people are all the same or act similarly.
  • However Judith is implying that there is no “repetitive” acts that can depict who you are, its all a false idea created by humanity because that’s what is normal, however as we move and and as me mature we realise everyone does what they want and people don’t live by what others think or depict of them. Some people are born a gender but then change because they feel that isn’t who they are, and as the days go on, that is more and more publicly accepted by humanity and people will not need to put on a façade to be a certain way to fit in.

Harry styles article: Quotes

“Styles announced that he hoped to “dispel the myth of a binary existence”” – This displays how Styles see’s the current state of society as not correct and that it needs to change, however I feel as if he has gone the wrong way around it.

“Styles’s first business venture includes a range of nail polishes, an illuminating primer serum, and a dual-purpose eye and lip oil.” – The reason I state I believe that Styles has gone the wrong way around this is because instead of maybe doing a show or charity event to raise money to donate to charities such as Human Rights Campaign Foundation or The Trevor Project he made a company he could profit off of.

“Undoubtedly, there is serious value in beauty now. In July, the global beauty industry was valued at $511bn” – This quote proves to me that Styles see’s this as a money grab more than anything else, with his large following he could amass an incredible amount of money and a big business, one like Lada gaga or Beyoncé.

Exam Prep, Uncategorized

Exam Essay Prep

Leave a comment

Butler says that gender is “an identity instituted through a stylized repetition of acts”.

She is basically suggesting that there is no set gender, people just trust each other as a reality is constructed in order to make sure everything is okay and nothing ‘bad’ happens, like a set of rules. There is a set of ground rules that separates males to females and identifies what you can and cannot do as a specific gender and you cannot cross that line. This repetition of acts an identity is ‘created’ by is basically just a social construct you are meant to abide to so you can essentially be categorized. People are now realising that the world doesn’t have to be so binary and there is allowed to be ‘fluidity of identity’ as David Gauntlett explains, there doesn’t have to be a straight answer to gender, sexuality etc, some people would rather identify themselves as non-binary, where they identify as neither male nor female.

Harry Styles Article:

‘“illuminating” and “highlighting” are the buzz words for Styles. There is a sense that this brand is about celebrating what is already there and encouraging customers to be themselves.’

‘“Me seeing a colour on a flower or a wallpaper or something and thinking, ‘Oh, I wanna put that on my nails.”‘– This is a clear representation of breaking the social construct of gender. Harry Styles, a male, enjoys painting his nails, which is typically what a female would do. Releasing this beauty line/nail varnish, I believe he is trying to break the barrier even more than it has been broken.

 ‘In July, the global beauty industry was valued at $511bn’

Audience, Exam Prep

David Gauntlett

Leave a comment

Fluidity of Identity – This type of identity is the idea that people can change themselves through their appearance, their actions and the world.

Constructed Identity – The identity development is a complex process in which humans and people develop and clear sight of themselves and have a specific view on themselves.

Negotiated Identity – This is the process that people agree and perceive you as, and identify ‘who is who’ is their relationships.

Collective Identity – This is the sense of belonging to a group, having the same interests as the peers around you, however it does not mean you and another person are the same. They share the same ideas.

Audience, Exam Prep

IDENTITIES

Leave a comment


Constructed identity– Opinions from others, online media, television and newspapers feed us ideas and opinions that construct an identity or a personality for ourselves.

Fluidity of identity– Going with the flow of other opinions and stereotypes of a gender. Letting their personality be decided by the regular view of their gender.

Collective identity– The idea of having your personality decided by others and being in a group where you all share the same ideas.

Negotiated identity– Having an equal balance between fitting in with others and sharing the same opinion as them and then having your own opinions and goals.