Sign- An object, quality, or event whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else.

Code-A system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others.

Convention-A way in which something is usually done.

Anchorage-Used to describe how the combination of elements within a sign fit together and fix the meaning.

Signifier- Any material thing that signifies

Signified-The meaning / idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed.

Icon- The definition of an icon is a graphic representation of something, a person or thing that is symbolic or is a noted figure.

Index-An indicator or measure of something.

Symbol-A thing that represents or stands for something else. 

Signification-The representation or conveying of meaning.

Denotation-The literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.

Connotation-The literal or primary meaning of a word, contrasting the feelings/ideas that the word suggests.

Myth-A widely held but false belief or idea.

Ideology- The science of ideas; the study of their origin and

Paradigm-A collection of signs that are related.