• examined the nature of myths and legends, suggested that myths were used to deal with the contradictions in experience, to explain the apparently inexplicable, and to justify the inevitable
•  suggests that NARRATIVES are STRUCTURED around BINARY OPPOSITIONS eg good and evil
• encourages students to understand narrative as a structure of key (oppositional) themes 
•  creates a dominant message (ideology) of a film etc, audiences are encouraged to make a judgements about characters, groups, places, history, society etc

• Propp has the idea that most story includes the same ~8 characters, these are:

• He came to this conclusion after analysing hundreds of Russian folk stories
• Equilibrium– Story constructs a stable world/ outsets narrative. Key characters shown
• Disruption-oppositional forces, destabilise stories equilibrium
• New equilibrium-disruption is repaired and stability is restored

• Made by Levantine Films; Ingenious; Bend It Films; Cornerstone Films
• low budgeted (15mil).
• grossed $18.1 million
• songs by American pop star Bruce Springsteen
• use of traditional marketing and distribution techniques to advertise such as trailers, posters, film festivals, etc
• distributed by entertainment one
• David Hesmondhalgh says; “All business is risky, but the cultural industries constitute a particularly risky business” 
• based on the ‘true story’ of a Pakistani boy growing up in the UK in the 1980s
• ‘Bend It Films’ is a UK-based, indie production company owned by major US conglomerate ‘Warner Brothers’. Bend It Films developed the film with support from Levantine Films and Ingenious Media linking to the fact that major companies need new ideas and concepts, provided by the independent companies they own whilst independent companies need major companies to fuel distribution and exhibition because these major companies have the right to use streaming platforms to display their productions.
• By using Bruce Springsteen’s music they are attracting a whole demographic of older people who enjoy his music
• Social media was used a lot to advertise the film which has a massive amount of users and is also free.
• The film is regulated by BBFC

• Cultural industries  – An economic field concerned with producing, reproducing, storing and distributing cultural goods/services.
• Production- The act of producing an output, goods or service which has value and contributes to the utility of people.
• Distribution-  The methods by which media products are delivered to audiences, including the marketing campaign
• Exhibition / Consumption-The sum of information and entertainment media taken in by an individual or group. It includes activities such as interacting with new media, reading books and magazines, watching television and film, and listening to radio.
• Media concentration-
• Conglomerates-a thing consisting of a number of different and distinct parts or items that are grouped together.
• Globalization (in terms of media ownership)-The production, distribution, and consumption of media products on a global scale facilitating the exchange and diffusion of ideas cross-culturally.
• Cultural imperialism-the imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another non-dominant community.
• Vertical Integration- Vertical integration refers to the process of acquiring business operations within the same production vertical. A company that opts for vertical integration takes complete control over one or more stages in the production or distribution of a product. (distribution company buying a production company)
• Horizontal Integration- Horizontal integration is a business strategy in which one company acquires or merges with another that operates at the same level in an industry. Horizontal integrations help companies grow in size and revenue, expand into new markets, diversify product offerings, and reduce competition. (Production company buying another production company)
• Mergers-The voluntary fusion of two companies on broadly equal terms into one new legal entity
• Monopolies- The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
• Gatekeepers- Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the internet, or some other mode of communication
• Regulation- The process by which a range of specific, often legally binding, tools are applied to media systems and institutions to achieve established policy goals such as pluralism, diversity, competition, and freedom.
• Deregulation- The removal of regulations or restrictions, especially in a particular industry.
• Free market- A system in which the prices for goods and services are self-regulated by buyers and sellers negotiating in an open market.
• Commodification – The transformation of things such as into objects of trade or commodities. (charging people for things)
• Convergence  – Transforms established industries, services, and work practices and enables entirely new forms of content to emerge.
• Diversity – The condition of having many different elements.
• Innovation –  The practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services.

A=1 B=2 C=5