All posts by Rebekka Hodgson

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essay prep

In book gender trouble Judith says gender and sex are socially constructed categories

Butler critiques Freud’s concept of the oedipal complex and origins or homosexuality

Butler counterpoints earlier ideas of gender representation, for example, some of the ideas presented by Laura Mulvey seem to suggest that gender is fixed – male/female

suggests that gender is fluid, changeable, plural a set of categories to be played out and performed by individual subjects in individual moments in time and space

we have multiple identities that are performed to different people, in different social settings, under different social conditions

approach of gender as performative is to recognises a ‘phenomenon that is being reproduced all the time‘, which perhaps suggests that ‘nobody is a gender from the start.’

what it means to be a woman does not remain the same from decade to decade

Judith Butler suggests that our gender identity and sexuality is ever-changing depending on the context of the situation and that gender is something that is performed.

Score sentences

There is an indexical sign that all the women (excluding front left) are admiring the man due to their facial reactions and body language. It is trying to convey the idea that gender and sexuality is fixed; women must only be attracted to men (being their role in society to create pleasure for a man).

You can see a selective representation of both male and females: males are only depicted as being heterosexual, having to look a certain way and act the most powerful portraying a very patriarchal society

Maybelline sentences

They emphasise how important it is to ‘be comfortable with yourself’ and by which meaning you can perform how you would like to instead of having to follow the negative stereotypes.

“Lash like a boss” isn’t gender specific suggesting the message that you can be superior from day to day by changing your identity when wearing the mascara

Manny in this advert doesn’t portray a masculine look, rather more of a feminine kind with a gentle posture suggesting that men don’t have to perform to the masculine standards and can perform however they like and that their gender can somewhat be shifted according to a situation eg. getting ready for a party and wanting to get glammed up.

Levenson: 10 years on

Leveson Inquiry into the culture, practices and ethics of the press was published ten years ago and it was a half-success and a half-failure.

An independent regulatory body for the press should be established. It should take an active role in promoting high standards, including having the power to investigate serious breaches and sanction newspapers. The new body should be backed by legislation designed to assess whether it is doing its job properly.

Strengthen the legal obligations of those sites and platforms, rather than setting up some regulatory scheme as a solution.

So, although the Leveson inquiry had all the paraphernalia of a legal exercise – a judge, statutory powers, barristers, oral examinations, and even taking place in a courtroom – it was ultimately a failure because – ironically – it was not able to take law seriously and was bound by its terms to propose an effectively non-legal regulatory regime instead. There has been a recklessness in prioritising sensational stories, almost irrespective of the harm the stories may cause and the rights of those who would be affected. Families of famous people have had some of their lives destroyed by the relentless pursuit of the press.

The relationship between the government and the media is immoral and the government are too close to the press

CERAVE ADVERT: STATEMENT OF INTENT

My intention for this product is to represent the CeraVe moisturiser as an amazing brand which will sort out any dry. acne-prone skin within days. I want it to look very appealing to a youngish audience (eg. teenagers/ early 20’s) so it will have to look trendy and have a modern style to it. I am basing it off the Maybelline lipstick advert and some other adverts I have looked at which are for moisturisers. I will incorporate some of the features from these adverts such as the smooth textured waves going across the page and luxuriousness which would be great for someone seeking an escape. I will create a syntagm by combining a zoom in of my models face (dominant signifier) and a shot of my product with a headline and text to create meaning.

The elements I will include the brands famous tagline (“Developed by dermatologists”) at the bottom of the advert with a main headliner at the top saying “CeraVe: long lasting moisturiser, instantly transforming your skin!” Also i will have a close up of my model applying the moisturiser to her face and the outstanding results. There will not be too much writing and mainly use images to convince the audience that it will be worth them switching to this product. There will be some texture added to the modern day advert by using glitter like splashes to convey the excitement and miracle transformation when you use the product. The signified will be the white twirl coming of the bottle which is going to represent the moisturiser.

The advert will represent the dominant ideology that females should always do their best to keep their skin looking beautiful such as having a good skin care routine (wanting to have a moisturiser that is approved by others). It is a constructed reality which will influence many teens/ young adults. In some ways it could be seen as a negative stereotype because having perfect skin can be an unrealistic expectation. In the classic advert the model will be

I will be making two adverts one classic and one contemporary advert. The contemporary advert will consist of a reactionary stereotype of a teenage girl using the product but with a genuine smile not a fake staged one which is usually portrayed in modern day media. The type of audience that would consume it would be the mainstreamer or the succeeder because it is a product with a price range that is affordable for most people and those who want to seek control of how they look by making their skin smoother and performing to dominant ideologies about how a female should care about their appearance, based on Young and Rubicam’s physcographic descriptors

The kind of company that would make my product would be a popular magazine featuring celebrities or recent news that would interest those of a younger generation. I believe it could also be featured outside shops such as Boots or Superdrug which are places that the advert would be seen.

syntagym (Roland Barthes)

Index

Ferdinand De Sassaure

Conotation

Denotation

Radical

Reactionary

Symbol

Icon

David Guantlett – Constructed identity, collected idenity (only for females)

Male gaze, audience positoning, positive and negeative steroetypes, dominant ideology, hegemony

Two step flow of communication- Lazarsfeld

Uses and gratifications model- Katz and Blumler

CPS 4: Maybelline

makeup isn’t just for girls; it’s for guys too

Manny has almost 3 million followers, stands by his mission to provide makeup advice and inspiration to men and women

Man or woman, makeup is for you

popularity of several plus-size and transgender models, modelling has become a much more inclusive space

. I think I’m the first boy they’ve ever posted! We’re breaking boundaries guys!”

 spoken about dealing with homophobia

Supermodel Naomi Campbell was one of the earliest non-Caucasians to make it big and change the landscape of the modelling scene

Japanese model Tao Okamoto has been the face of Ralph Lauren

more modern narratives showing the hipster bearded stay-at home dad juggling a baby and a business.

emphasise how important it is
to be comfortable with yourself

products exclaiming “approved by dermatologists” or “doctor recommended” instantly create more positive response

one of the first beauty influencers to team up with the company, he’s also the first man to

“Lash like a boss” isn’t gender specific

brand offers a range of high-quality products for all women while defending important values – diversity, inclusion and open-mindedness – to embody bold and radiant femininity

Gutierrez says “I think boys deserve just as much cosmetic recognition,”

Maybelline is saying, ‘We’re a very social brand and we want to maintain a younger, more digital shopper base.’

Celebrities who live in this new world can become hugely powerful.

 Shayla Mitchell represents the different races and inclusivity with not a ‘typical models’ body type

maybelline sold 4.6 million eye makeup products

http://natashabmedia1.blogspot.com/2018/03/advertising-maybelline-case-study-and.html – media studies blog on Mascara advert

audience theory notes

  • Hypodermic model (passive consumption)- about changing behaviour
  •  Harold Lasswell wrote Propaganda Technique in the World War which highlighted the brew of ‘subtle poison, which industrious men injected into the veins of a staggering people until the smashing powers . . . knocked them into submission’ believed each government had ‘manipulated the mass media in order to justify its actions’ in World War 1
  • People can modify the behaviour by convincing/ persuading them and basically lying eg telling sister copper coins are worth more than silver

Two step model of communication

  • adapted by Shannon and Weaver in 1949, as the Transmission model of Communication, which included other elements, such as NOISEERRORENCODING and FEEDBACK.
  • model proposes a clear, linear (and perhaps unaltered) connection between message sent > message received
  • McQuail, Blumler and Katz theoriesed personal needs and social needs
  • individuals sought particular pleasures, uses and gratifications from individual media texts

SCORE CSP 3

Textual analysis- looks like a safari theme in Africa. With the man being help up by a leopard print platform showing he is the most important. There is a background of trees but looks very old fashioned and not edited good because it is just a white background. The strap line is quite small and the copy box is very long and repetitive also a bit confusing as it is advertising 3 products.

Semiotics- indexical sign that all the women (excluding front left) are admiring the man due to their facial reactions and body language and possibly have a sexual desire. The signified is the hair gel and the signifier is the guys hair which is trying to show the product in a real life situation. The male is the dominant signifier. Has connotations that if you buy the product you too will be able to be as popular as the guy on the advert. Positioned at the top, connoting his higher status

Representational analysis- Clear signs of voyeurism (getting joy from having all the attention of the women). It is a selective representation of both male and females: males are only depicted as being heterosexual it being a very patriarchal society . Females are represented as having to do everything for men and that their only objective in life is to provide sexual pleasure for the men following the dominant ideology which was slowly being removed during the 1960’s. Also suggests the man was not worthy before he used the product.

Narrative- The woman in the front left is making direct eye contact with the person viewing the ad giving them a more personal experience and feel like the product is meant for them. The woman is looking very seductive to the male audience so will entice them to buy Score products so they too can seek this sexual pleasure. Trying to use sex to sell their products. appeal to an audience who want to conquer their own world and look good.  brand value is look good but don’t take yourself too seriously.

Audience- aimed at middle aged men who desire to receive this attention from females that the guy is receiving in the advert. They want to look as good as the guy being help up by all the ladies and have greaseless hair like the guy. Shows the brand values as being to help men in to succeed with relationships and the brand personality is highly sexually based. In the 1960’s this type of advert would have been seen as appealing and completely acceptable and very normal however, these days advert usually only feature one model which has a more reformed outlook on the product and sexualising women and men in this way wouldn’t be condemned. There is a lack of diversity. Persuasive techniques range from reeling them in with sexual pleasure to own confidence and better self esteem specially to do with their hair.

Historical, social and cultural contexts– 1967 can be seen as a period of slow transformation in western cultures with legislation about and changing attitudes to the role of women – and men. Score advert was produced in the year of decriminalisation of homosexuality. It was also the ending of Empire. Reference to body image and changes in what society deems acceptable and unacceptable representations has significantly changed over time.

revealing as much skin as the regulators in the 1960s might permit. Their tanned bodies, alluring black eyeliner and luscious hair also connote glamour.

Qualitative and quantitave data

Qualitative

Coca cola- kids that earn pocket money and any age up from that, people that live in more urbanised areas, both people who have been educated and not, traditional working class, most countries in the world, all social grades

Maybelline lipstick- females over 15 or men buying it for their girlfriend, established middle class and new affluent workers, those who are employed, countries in western Europe and the USA, C1 and C2 social grades

Cera ve- teen girls/ young women, working either part or full time, western europe and USA, no qualifications neccessary, C1 and C2 social grades

Qualitative

Coca cola- explorer looking for new packaging and searching for their own name and the mainstreamer

Maybelline- the aspirer and mainstreamer

Cera ve- the struggler and mainstreamer

USES AND GRATIFICATIONS

RESEARCH PRODUCT 1 (Coca cola)RESEARCH PRODUCT 1 (Maybelline)MY PRODUCT
(Cera Ve)
UNDERSTANDING SELFHow the lipstick will help you feel better about yourself and being a party personBeing known as a person who takes care of their skin well
ENJOYMENTLooks appealing and tastes goodLook good on a night outHaving a good routine
ESCAPISMAble to relax and become someone else whilst drinking it Feel like a different person with makeup onEscape to a fluffy world
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE WORLDSee 1000’s of names some of which you may have never heardHow to improve skincare
SELF CONFIDENCE, SELF ESTEEMHaving a bottle with your own name own would feel coolGives self-confidence as you can look prettier People might like you better if you look presentable
STRENGTHEN CONNECTIONS WITH FAMILY AND/OR FRIENDSYou can buy a bottle for a friend/ family memberCould buy it as a gift or feel more able to spend time on a night out with friendsFamily/ friends will give compliments
ANY OTHER CATEGORY OR THEME