Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), which has a narrow range of abilities;
Artificial general intelligence (AGI), which is on par with human capabilities; or.
Artificial superintelligence (ASI), which is more capable than a human.
To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,
the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
The transformation of audience consumption
3 KEYWORDS THAT HAVE TRANSFORMED MEDIA:
SPEED
ACCESS
CONNECTIVITY
FEEDBACK
TIME
SHARE
STORAGE
SPACE
PATICIPATION
DISCOVERY
RETRIEVAL
KNOWLEDGE
share
active
creative
host
example or comment
You have the ability to combine your knowledge of something with another person
story
re-connect
personalise
stream
example or comment
You are able to relate on a deeper level to something that nobody else can
experience
store
scale
immerse
example or comment
Store something on your phone
interface
live
adapt
binge
example or comment
A real-life video broadcast that people can watch
You are able to change what you’re doing or saying or how you are acting based on the environment around you
Netflix for example, allows you to watch an unlimited amount of programs
conversation
re-perform
circulate
endless
example or comment
A discourse in which you engage with another person while successfully demonstrating turn-taking
With the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, there has been a rise in malicious cyber activity against the United States, Ukraine, and Russia. A prominent and rare documented use of artificial intelligence in conflict is on behalf of Ukraine, using facial recognition software to uncover Russian assailants and identify Ukrainians killed in the ongoing war.
The theory that the world we exist in isn’t reality and we all copy and imitate each other in some way or another, whether it be to ridicule or purely to reproduce. This can be seen through signs.
It is deliberate, intended, self-conscious, signs about signs. This may be frivolous, trite, casual, surface or throwaway.
Pastiche= work of art that imitates the work of previous art
Parody= work or performance that imitates the art with intentions to mock and ridicule it
Bricolage= Rearrangement and juxtaposition of previously unconnected signs to produce new codes of meaning
Intertextuality= Signs only have meaning in reference to other signs, and that meaning is a complex process of decoding/encoding with individuals both taking and creating meaning
Referential=
Surface and style over substance and content=
Metanarrative=
Hyperreality=
Simulation (sometimes termed by Baudrillard as ‘Simulacrum’) =
Consumerist Society= People devote a great deal of time, energy, resources and thought into ‘consuming’ something.
Fragmentary Identities= A multidisciplinary collaboration, involving visual communication, performative arts and fashion. Exploration and reconstruction of identity in the modern age.
– BBC -Owned by the UK public -Funded through TV Licenses [paid yearly by public] -Paternalistic approach -1st Director= Lord Reith -Public Company [PLC]
-CBS [Colombia Broadcasting Service] -Owned by a multi national conglomerate [Paramount Global] -Funded though adverts on air -Private company [LTD] -vertical / horizontal integration ???
HABERMAS
-Transformation of the public sphere – media is constantly changing BBC keeping up.
-BBC ethos= to inform, entertain and educate.
-Cecil Lewis- “Opening up new worlds to people”
-Quality is important. They don’t make money to profit, it is put back into the BBC to make programmes
-Fits into Habermas notion of transforming the public
-Therefore the BBC is more paternalistic – what you need not what you want
-Most private business are aimed at making a profit
-They care about profit more than their audience.
-Just for profit is the commercial ethos
-Commercial broadcasting is not supported by Habermas
CHOMSKY
CURRAN
-Ideas that underpin The Liberal Free Press, but much can apply to transformation of Public Sphere (Habermas) which in turn connects to ethos of PSB -Linking to Habermas’ theory of transformation of the Public sphere
-BBC is being taken over by light daytime programmes= “peak-time tv are dominated by light entertainment
1. concerns about the commercial interest of big companies (prioritising profits over social concerns)
2. concentration of ownership – although not monopolies, the small number of big companies is not good for
3. competition
4. Diverse range of voices (plurality)
5. audience choices
-CBS used the ‘moral panic’ as an advertising technique?
–
SEATON
Seaton makes us aware of the power of the media in terms of big companies who own too much. commercial Seaton also makes clear that broadcasters selling audiences to products NOT audiences to programmes (ie no adverts on BBC) therefore BBC not chasing big exaggerated stories Newsbeat seeking informed citizens who want knowledge
accountability – ie who looks after the BBC and makes sure it does what it is supposed to do: Annan Report 1980 “on balance the chain of accountability is adequate” independence – ie keeping free from state control “without a commitment to public service, broadcasters are increasingly vulnerable to political interference”
Seaton talks about rise and inevitable need for competition with new technologies – which provides choice Provides more entertainment for wider audiences ??? WoW targets mainstream entertainment seeking audiences
the allusion of Choice – “Choice, without positive direction is a myth, all too often the market will deliver more -but only more of the same”
REGULATION
license fee regulates BBC as well. New technologies mean BBC faced with more competition NO advertising!
-OFCOM -BBC Charter -BBC ethos- ‘educate, inform and entertain’ -The license fee regulates the BBC
Federal Communications Commission as regulator for private business ie not necessarily in the public interest
AUDIENCE (ACTIVE / PASSIVE)
Newsbeat encouraging active ‘uses and gratification’ model personal needs escapism, entertainment, self esteem and social needs. information, knowledge about the world, connecting with family, friends and community
War of the worlds raises the debate around audience as passive or active (ie Lasswell, linear model of communication like a hypodermic syringe) ie without thinking or reflecting on what we are told
AUDIENCE (LAZARSFELD)
-2 STEP FLOW~ Use opinion leaders such as Princess Kate and Prince William to speak up about Mental Health. Audience listen passively and will more likely believe it if it is from an opinion leader
-Orsen Welles unregulated opinion leader. -If audience seeking facts / truth about space and war they would seek opinion leaders from govt or science.
AUDIENCE (HALL)
NEW TECHNOLOGY
SPECIFIC TEXTUAL EXAMPLES
-Prince William and Kate presenting a special newsbeat edition on mental health
-Kanye article
-Timestamp 39.30- radio goes silent. Maybe to create an eerie setting to scare audience?
Newsbeat also exemplifies the challenges facing the BBC as a public service broadcaster that needs to appeal to a youth audience within a competitive media landscape.
a transitional media product which reflects changes in the contemporary media landscape
a traditional radio programme with regular, scheduled broadcast times, but it is also available online after broadcast
The broadcast itself and the use of digital platforms provides opportunities for audience interaction
MEDIA INDUSTRIES
Newsbeat as a BBC News product with bulletins are broadcast on BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 1 Xtra and BBC Asian Network
The funding of BBC Radio through the license fee, concept of hypothecated tax
Issues around the role of a public service broadcaster within a competitive, contemporary media landscape
The distinctive nature of the programme connected to its public service remit
Arguments on the need for addressing a youth audience already catered for commercially
The influence of new technology on media industries – Newsbeat as multi–platform media product. eg
Website
Twitter
Instagram
The regulation of the BBC via Ofcom and the governance of the BBC
believable and relevant ‘mis-en-scene’ elements/setting/costume etc
Followable storyline/plot and something that is also unpredictable
professional marketing
Broadcasting– producers target a wider, mass audience
Narrowcasting– producers target a niche audience
THE BBC
Founded in 1992
Started with radio [tv came later]
Lord Reith was the first director of the BBC
His ethos [belief/mission statement] for the BBC had 3 main principles
Inform, educate and entertain
To oversee due diligence and regulation, the UK government reviews a charter: to ensure the BBC stay inline
The BBC took up the Paternalistic approach, rather than the Populism approach, meaning that they gave the audience what’s best for them, not just what the audience wanted.
Grace Wyndham Goldie noting the most significant thing about broadcasting: that it changing time and space.
New media communication technologies allows you to change time and space
Fear other people have of new technologies, they think it will ruin everything or they think there is no use for it
The BBC became social cement, British culture was centred around the BBC
‘Oh is a reimagination of Oh Comely magazine and is still a place to meet new people, hear their stories and hopefully leave you looking at life a little differently. And every issue will still have beautiful photography and illustration at its heart’.
