THEME	NEWSBEAT	WAR OF THE WORLDS
OWNERSHIP	BBC, PSB, Government, BBC board of trustees, DG (Lord Reith) BBC/PSB ethos- to inform educate and entertain, BBC multimedia / Cross media, transnational / trans global, not a monopoly, concentration of media (ie small, even though there are many channels its all by the BBC overall) I think the BBC is left wing libertarian ideology.	CBS, private limited company, Mutli or cross media conglomerate, transnationtal?? trans global?? monopoly?? it is an example of concentration of ownership ie just a few companies own everything oligopoly / cartel. vertical / horizontal integration? I thank that war of the worlds is right wing due to not caring about audience but money.
HABERMAS	Transformation of the public sphere, media is constantly changing the BBC need to keep up, intention to inform educate and entertain their viewers, BBC is a non profitable company. Put money back into programs so quality is important, Habermas notion of transforming the public. Therefore the BBC are more paternalistic what you need not what you want.	Most private businesses are aimed at making a profit. private businesses don’t care about their viewers they care about money therefore they’ll prioritize money over entertaining their audience, just for profit is a commercial ethos not in the understanding of Habermas.
CHOMSKY
REGULATION	Ofcom, BBC charter, governed by parliament. License free regulates BBC as well. BBC/PSB ethos to inform entertain and educate (Reith) New technologies suggest that the BBC has more competition.	Federal communication commission as regulator for private business i.e. not necessarily in the publics interest.
AUDIENCE (ACTIVE / PASSIVE)	Passive audience As the audience listen to Newsbeat and accept what is going on the audience is suggested to be passive. An audience that is exposed to media/marketing material but doesn’t actively engage with the content or messaging. Therefore the audience is suggested to be passive as they don’t have much engagement within the broadcasts.	Active audience The audience for War of the worlds took the broadcast in a different way than intended suggesting them to be active. As they actively thought for themselves and what they were going to-do about the situation For example people committed suicide and threatened to shoot Orson Wells. when an audience is engaging, interpreting, and responding to media messages and are able to question the message.
AUDIENCE (LAZARSFELD)	two step media theory. The flow of communication comes from a news presenter to the audience in regards to News beat.	two step media theory the flow of communication came from Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre Company to a wild scale audience who consumed the idea that aliens had invaded earth. As it came from a well known and respected radio broadcaster (CBS) in 1938 it was more believable.
AUDIENCE (HALL)	encoding/decoding Encoding information about what’s going on across the world in a short amount of time to keep the attention of the audience who also decode the information.	encoding/decoding encoded the idea of an alien invasion which the audience decoded to be true. Dominant ideology of Martians coming to attack earth.
NEW TECHNOLOGY	In regards to listening to broadcasts, you can listen on catch-up by logging in the BBC can collect that data of who’s listening when and what to then produce more shows similar as they can gather an understanding of what their audience like. Radio is more competitive now so broadcasters want to play the newest well known songs for their audience to listen to which is also used to entice more listeners.	Radio was fairly new in 1938, More than 40% of American households now had a radio so there were more listeners especially when War of the Worlds was broadcasted that’s why is is suggested to have caused mass panic.
CROSS MEDIA CONVERGENCE	Many different platforms for example, Tik tok, Twitter, YouTube, Live radio, Catch up and Facebook etc therefore reaching a wider audience and gaining more of a media presence within the digital world.	The novel of war of the worlds was broadcasted across the radio there is a physical book of it and also a online book available to be listened to of the actual broadcast of war of the worlds in 1938.
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news beat is traditional media.

Newsbeat is produced by BBC News but differs from the BBC’s other news programmes in its remit to provide news tailored for a specifically younger audience of teenagers and early twenties

broadcasted across many BBC radios sites such as radio 1 radio 1 extra and Asia

Danielle Dwyer is the editor for news beat

and BBC news is the producer

10th September 1973 -present

BBC Values

• AUDIENCES are at the heart of everything we do
• CREATIVITY is the lifeblood of our organisation
• TRUST is the foundation of the BBC – we’re independent, impartial and truthful
• We RESPECT each other – we’re kind, and we champion inclusivity
• We are ACCOUNTABLE and deliver work of the highest quality
• We are ONE BBC – we collaborate, learn and grow together

News beat is a shortened version of the main news, its a run down with facts and information made short for listeners. It lasts about 15 minutes and typically comes onto the radio at 12.45 and 5.45 pm.

Possible exam questions

Identify two strategies or techniques used by Radio 1 to attract a youth audience.
Explain the reason for each

Explain how the social, political and cultural contexts of media influence how audiences may interpret the same media in different ways.

Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs.
To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world?

Explain how recent media technologies have changed patterns of distribution and box marketing.

Explain how media products can be said to have cultural and social significance

‘The relationship between producers and audiences has changed over time.’

Data

10th September 1973

Mean age of listeners is 30 even though targeted to teens and early 20s

Roughly 9 million listeners in a week first quarter of 2020

Reception theory including Hall

Stuart Hall argued producers encoded meaning and values into their texts which was then decoded by the audience, but our reactions are shaped by our individual frameworks of knowledge. You should also consider the different modes of consumption, especially the ways we might listen to the radio.

Hall’s encoding / decoding model of communication offers three hypothetical positions – the dominant, oppositional, and negotiated readings.

 Cultivation theory including Gerbner

when listening to newsbeat on the BBCs website you have to log in therefore the BBC can collect data to know how many people listens to what they play and also get a mean average of how many people are listening.

Taking a multi-platform approach ensures the product remains relevant to its audience so is on platforms such as youtube twitter and Tik Tok.

my argument

I want to argue that the BBCs newsbeat needs a new approach to a new target audience due to statistics.

1. well acted
2. well written
3. appealing scenery
4. good lead to climax
5. strong actor chemistry
6. interesting plot
7. more than 1 genre eg comedy, drama
8. showcases social and cultural contexts within newspaper companies

Broadcasting -communicating with loads of people

Narrowcasting – communicating with a niche audiences

populism – based off what majority want – giving people what they want

paternalism- people with authority restrict freedom on others with rules, regulations and set plans.

There’s on going disputes within the BBC about populism and paternalism due to which would be more beneficial for the BBC as a whole.

ethos- the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as manifested in its attitudes and aspirations

Ethos of BBC- to inform, entertain and educate

BBC charter has a royal charter which sets out the arrangements for governance of the British broadcast corporation.

The start of television- Grace Wyndham Goldie said how it transforms time and space, for example your at home they’re in a studio when they did shooting a week ago and you can watch it there. Not live.

transforms the public sphere – habermas

Lord Reith came up with the BBCs Ethos of to inform educate and entertain.

Fear of new technology and people were unaware and scared of what this technology could bring.

BBC acted like a social cement, it was so important everyone connected and communicated because and about it.

Habermas

treating the digital public sphere the same way we treat radio and TV seems wrong. Unlike radio and TV, which are broadcast on a limited resource – called “spectrum” – the internet is unbounded, limitless

The BBC’s online endeavours have always been contentious: at the beginning because they only benefitted the small percentage of licence fee payers who had got themselves online; later because they were accused of taking business away from commercial online content providers.

sense of time, BBC made everyone aware it was 1pm for example so people would change clocks

created communication between social classes.

jean seaton

what is broadcasting – “the concept of broadcasting has always been of a comprehensive service of characters, with the duty of public cooperation of to bringing public awareness to a whole range of activity and expression developed in society.”

the state and broadcasting

noted that the government were under constant suspicion of using an opportunity to its own advantage within the broadcasting world

accountability within broadcasting

the public had a problem with the chairman of the BBC not because he was the chair man of the institution but because he had government power.

independant professionals

the public couldn’t rely on the quality of the broadcasting as to-do so one must ignore the pressures which determine the broadcasting choices.

independant broadcasters

arguements that is is functional anf fully in control

other side of argument is same independences poses a serious threat to political institutions.

choice vs public service

commercial broadcasting isn’t based on programs to audience but audience to advertisers.

Curran and Seaton

Curran and Seaton suggest that profit driven motives take precedence over creativity in the world of commercial media.

narrative – levi strauss said in every narritive in media like books or fuilms there are two opposing characters like hero and villain etc.

genre- steve neale said genres must all bhe similar in any way

Semiotics- interpretations of underlying meanings such as emojis. things like signs meanings and codes.

The school of life video “how to be a man” presents the cool man and the warm man this links to Gauntlets motion that identity is fluid and negotiated. Although this is not a theory we can see examples of the cool man and the warm man in men’s health.

For instance on page 50-51 you can see images of Vin Diesel being big and muscular which was coincided with Quotes of vin Diesel being soft and sensitive showing a negotiated identity as he is a sensitive person but looks as though he doesn’t care and is strong with little care.

command words

describe – remembering specific elements

compare – talking about the similarities and differences between two things

evaluate – to judge and share own opinions/ real evidence

analyse – in depth look at an idea with accurate explanation

knowledge – vague outline of an idea or concept / can touch on it

understanding – to explain clearly and deeply about an idea or concept / can evaluate it

	what do you know about	What meanings or understandings do you have of their ideas? In another way how can you apply those ideas to your CSPS?
Noam Chomsky	the five filters of media	ownership- having control over a platform and what comes out of it is down to you. Advertising- sharing media with everyone for personal gain for example bossed life advertising is fun and bright to attract audiences to buy the product. official source-having the correct data statistics and facts to back up what you’re saying like the daily mail and the I
James curran	power in media industries	Curran has released a book called power without responsibility which suggests that people with power within the media industry use that to their advantage to use and take advantage of people in an unfair and unjust way. this is made possible due to the lack of responsibility being held against them for these actions which is why they abuse their power in this way. ghost town Margret thatcher abusing her power in a racial way
Habermas	public sphere the difference between communicative rationality and rationalization on one hand and strategic/instrumental rationality and rationalization on the other.	media is consumed passivly. If someone well known says something people will believe it and/or follow through with it like the government. The public are like sheep and will follow what anyone recognisable says.
david gauntlett	fluidity of identity collective identity constructive identity negotiated identity	everyone has the freedom to identify as what they want. He thinks “media doesn’t create identities” but reflects them. in terms of men’s health it suggests a negotiated identity as on the front cover vin diesel is stood boldly in the front then inside the magazine we see a softer sensitive side to him.
Laswell	Communication model. Who (sender) What (message) channel (medium) to whom (receiver) with what effect	Harold Laswell was a media theorist who studied the idea of communication. An example can be a dior mascara advertisment. Dior being the sender as the company producing this advert. What would be the anchorage giving a definition about the mascara. Medium is the type of media it is presented on, in this case it would be a magazine to anyone who reads the magazine but as its mascara we presume its in a woman’s magazine therefore targeted at woman with the effect of selling this product. I understand that the model shows the easy manipulation of those vulnerable and how easy it is to rope people in to buying thigs as the believes they’ll have a certain outcome out of it but in reality will not.
Lazerfeld	two step media theory information and influence. The theory was introduced in 1944 but elaborated in 1955	Lazarfeld said was that if a well populated/known opinionated leader were to say something to the mass media a wider population would listen to it and possibly believe it and follow through with certain plans or statements. For example Margret Thatcher didn’t like dark skinned people being in England and wanted them gone and so she stated this to the general public and white British citizens sided with her which is shown in the specials and blinded by the light. Also with elections in order to know who to vote for political candidates put forward their ideas for the country which the public listen to. If the public like what they hear they will vote for that person.
uses and gratifications	a Mass Communication theory that focuses on the needs, motives and gratifications of media users. -escapism -understanding yourself -strengthen family/friendships -enjoyment -self confidence -knowledge about the world	the idea of media using peoples data to present them with things they may need. For example ESCAPISM- advertisements for a holiday to escape reality. Advertisers use these to understand their audience better, Like Facebook when we accept cookies we allow them to use our data which’ll then be used to give us adverts the they know well enjoy which ropes audiences in to look at a product which pays the advertisers or even potentially buy the product which will them show a high demand for the product and be shared to more users on media platforms like Facebook such as Instagram or twitter.
Stuart Hall	Hall’s work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies. He regards language-use as operating within a framework of power, institutions and politics/economics.	everyone sees different things in different ways. Dominant negotiation oppositional
George Gerbner	Cultivation theory / behavioural psychology extended Laswell’s communication model consisting with a verbal aspect  where someone observes an event and gives feedback about the situation, and a schematic model where someone perceives an event and sends messages to the sender	verbal feedback helps better a person when taken on board. Face to face rather than through a screen is considered top be verbal and the aftermath of constructive criticism shows how people take on board feedback. mainstreaming- the more mainstream TV/other media forms we watch the more dominant our ideas become and accepting dominant ideas are more likely due to a form of brainwashing.

Clay Shirky argued audience behaviour has progressed from the passive consumption of media texts to a much more interactive experience with the products and each other. Therefore he disagrees with George Gerbner.

For the first brief I am going to create 3 campaign posters for my film called Hunted. This will be a short film about someone being hunted by an unknown thing and their escape. This will have a target audience of teenagers and adults due to the concept of fear being used as a main part within this short.

I will use Neale’s theory on Genre to guide me and grasp the concept of what genre means to an audience. I already know that Neale suggested each film had a genre such as horror or sci-fi and within those genres were similarities so the audience would know its a horror film or sci-fi film. His theory was based around repetition and differences in films. For example, horror films would be scary (repetition) but there would be different approaches to how the fear would be shared in films (differences). The genre theory is based around the audiences’ views and interests.

As one of the advertisement campaigns needs to be able to be on a bill board, I’m going to create a missing poster so the audience grasp the idea that people are vanishing due to this thing coincided with text over it that would write “Have you seen these boys?” . This will give off an eerie affect to the audience and entice them to watch the program due to the minimal knowledge but the scratches ill put across the missing poster. In the corner it’ll have the Netflix logo to allow audiences to see whereabouts they can view this program.

The final 2 campaigns will be photos of characters with no context but the expression of the film being suggested through shadows and unable to see faces. It’ll have the name of the program and where to watch it. The mystery of it will entice the audience to watch it, especially those who like the concept of mystery.

Overall, the campaigns will be experimental of Neale’s genre theory to see if the mystery of the program will attract an audience.

I will use photoshop to help piece together my campaign.

For the film advertisement aspect of this brief i will interview a cast member about their journey within the film. This will be in the style of James Cordons Carpool Karaoke but instead of it being Karaoke it’ll be vising scenes used in the film and what that felt like for the actor themselves to be there filming. Questions like what the film is about will be asked to give the audience more of an understanding to this film and also behind the scenes for the actors perspective for film fanatics who want to gain a deeper understanding of what its like to be on set and working with directors. This will be edited using Adobe Premier Pro.

Q7 Media Paper 1: Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs. To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world?
You should refer to your newspaper Close Study Products, The i and The Daily Mail.

Ideology – a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Libertarianism – The I – promoting freedom. Shows the harsh reality of what’s going on in the world.

“vote on Johnson future turning toxic for Tories” suggesting that the Torie party is becoming toxic after Johnson became prime minister and more so after the queens jubilee due to wasted tax used for the queens parade.

The I shows wars and more of the real world problems across the whole globe not just in the UK which shows the papers values are to spread news and awareness to places which can help.

Authoritarian – Daily Mail – government run so only things the government are okay with being included are used.

For example promoting the queen “my heart has been with you all” suggesting the queen has always been there for us excluding the amount of ‘her peoples’ money that she wasted on her jubilee parade rather than it being spent on good causes such as the NHS or helping Ukrainian refugees.

The Daily Mail only shows what’s going on in the UK excluding other countries making out that everything elsewhere in the world is fine whereas in reality its not. Suggesting they value what the government want to keep hidden from the UK over what the UK deserve to see.