War of the world created moral panic within their audiences due to the expectancy and uncertainty within the broadcast itself.

Newsbeat is broadcasted on the BBC during random intervals throughout the day and is targeted for young adults but has more recently seen an audience of over 20s.

Opening paragraph.

In this essay I want to highlight Stuart Halls theory of encoding and decoding to create an understanding of producer audience relationships.

Due to the BBC charter Newsbeat has a set of rules and expectations to follow for example on the 5th page of the charter it states that “The BBC’s Object is the fulfilment of its Mission” suggesting that producers can only promote ideas that fit within their objectives for the publics benefit. Whereas War of the worlds didn’t have a charter to base itself off and so Orsen Wells encoded and idea of an alien invasion which created moral panic within the public breaking the producer audience relationship as there was no trust in what was being broadcasted was true and believable.

pages 6-13 of the I on the 6th of June 2022 are dedicated solely to the queens jubilee and the events and celebrations surrounding that.

The i is left wing and libertarian due to having pages 18-22 being based around peoples opinions. Linking to the transformation as the public sphere as peoples opinions can influence other readers and gives room for more discussion.

In the top right corner of the newspaper you can see and indication of what is in this news paper and what pages they are

Strap line “journalism you can trust”

The i as a name suggests the idea of looking and came from the idea of being independent

The daily mail is authoritarian and right wing this is due to the promotion of the monarchy and how there isnt anything bad said about them. Royal editor Rebecca English wrote majority of the news articles based upon the jubilee which was presented in the Daily mail.

Nothing bad is discussed about the queen herself and glamorizes the royal family especially due to the fact that as seen on the front page there is a pull out album of the royal family and photos surrounding them over the jubilee weekend.

Page 14 English is trying to use a quote from Charles to influence what people do after the events of the jubilee “Lets not go back to bickering after the weekend Britain” showing the authoritarian side of the daily mail. PSB is used within this newspaper to influence and transform the public sphere through the use of getting the audience to engage and understand that the royal family is the best thing to happen to britain and that there is nothing wrong with them. (Habermas)

that bossed life, gay man included named manny. the mise en scene is glamorous and bold with colour connotating to the product.

score is an old advertisement for hair gel, mise en scene includes being in a jungle and a man being held up by half naked women suggesting that this hair gel attracts ladies.

Hesmondhalgh and his theory of media is a risky business connects with Maybelline that bossed life due to the involvement of a gay male. Stereotypically make up was designed and used by woman and solely woman but due to the uprising acceptance of the LGBT+ community Maybelline made the decision to make their products inclusive to those who are gender fluid and in general just want to use it. This makes it risky due to potential backlash for advertising and promoting male usage of make up as there are still people who believe that being apart of the LGBT+ community is wrong.

Social historical and cultural contexts in regards to Score suggest that the man is better than the woman. This is seen through the man being placed higher up than the woman suggesting his status within society compared to the woman’s.

OPENING PARAGRAPH

Maybelline; That Bossed Life and Score are two very controversial advertisements. That Bossed Life is an inclusive meaning that the product is advertised to everyone and anyone whereas Score is advertised to solely men. Bell Hooks theory of Multicultural Intersectionality suggests that there is a need to explore class and sexuality which can be seen through the use of a gay male in That Bossed life and the man being put on a pedestal in comparison to the woman, in Score.

Ghost town is a music video which vocalises the racism issues surrounding the united kingdom while the prime minister was Margaret Thatcher. Thatcher created the notion of keeping Britain white linking with orientalism as Black British citizens had ideas created against them changing people attitudes and actions against them.

Ghost town is apart of the SKA movement led by 2tone which was a mix of blues music crossed with rhythmic music. The movement in the UK was based upon battling racism and pushing back against the British conservatoire government.

The idea of a car crash is suggested within the video, where all band members become ghosts haunting the empty city. This has connotations with the idea of it being a ghost town as ghosts haunt the town.

Letter to the free

letter to the free is a music video fighting against racism in America. This music video suggests that America is a prison to black citizens which is seen through the lyrics “Prison is a business, America’s the company”. The idea that it is based around America being unsafe for black citizens is through the fact that when slavery was abolished, an amendment came in suggesting a practice of punishment for crime. Up to40% of prison inmates were black citizens many of which were innocent but due to the corrupt justice system and racial profiling against black citizens many were convicted for crimes they did not commit.

Opening paragraph

Stuart Hall agreed with the idea of two systems of representation. Language being used as a from of communication and conceptual being visual and what you see being what you think about. As an audience we visualise America to be a prison due to the lyrics “Prison is a business, Americas the company” in Letter To The Free. This communication to the audience is a form of encoding and decoding. Due to the artist encoding the idea of being stuck and unsafe in a place which was advertised to be safe, which the audience decode to be America profiling these citizens due to skin colour.

The Voice, founded in 1982, is a British national African-Caribbean newspaper operating in the United Kingdom. The paper is based in London and was published every Thursday until 2019 when it became monthly. It is available in a paper version by subscription and also online.

owned by the GV media group limited

Lester Holloway edits the voice and has always had an interest in the political side of life.

The voice started as a print newspaper but with the rising number of people using social media and the internet the executive decision to move it online was made.

Regular columns in the newspaper include Faith, News, Campaigns, Sport, Black British Voices. In addition there are special supplements such as:

• Black Business Guide – an annual publication highlighting and showcasing small black business owners and their trades.
• Apprenticeships – each year, a supplement highlighting apprenticeships across the UK is published alongside the newspaper. The supplement includes features from key figures in business and apprenticeships.
• Carnival – every August, The Voice publishes a Carnival supplement to coincide with the Notting Hill Carnival.
• Bound volumes of the periodical from 1982 to 1999 are held in the Black Cultural Archives.
•  The Voice also features in the British Library collection of Black Britain publications.

Media industry

David Hesmondhalgh argues that major cultural organisations create products for different industries in order to maximise chances of commercial success. Which suggests why the voice was made.

Margret Thatcher was the uk prime minister in 1979-1990 and evoked racist laws against the black community in attempts to get them out of Britain. The voice was created in 1982 for the black community to speak freely against what Margret Thatcher wanted.

David Hesmondhalgh believed companies involved in cultural industries were motivated by profit rather than a duty to public service broadcasting. No one was going to invest in a newspaper which targeted a niche audience unless it was going to make money. However, the social and political context of the early 1980s offered the founder of The Voice, Val McCalla, an opportunity to raise the funds needed for such a risky venture.

Barclays Bank was being heavily criticised for its investments in South Africa where racial segregation was institutionalised in a system known as apartheid. In a bit of impression management, the bank attempted to counteract the negative publicity by showing support for African-Caribbean causes

Media Representation

They were eager to create a countertype to the negative portrayals of black people often represented in the mainstream media. This was particularly important after the civil unrest across England in 1981

The audience are positioned to sympathise with the cowering police officers who are under attack. They are almost protecting the viewer from the violence and the side-turned and torched vehicle is a strong signifier of the destruction they are trying to prevent.

Structure

The voice follows the same structure per post

Sims free play is a game designed EA Mobile and was released on IOS in 2011 and Android in 2012. In The Sims FreePlay, players “build” and design houses and customize and create (a maximum of 34) virtual people called Sims. Players can control their Sims to satisfy their wishes, and let them complete different kinds of actions to gain Simoleons, Lifestyle Points, and Social Points.

Media language

conventions and codes are used in this game to influence meaning.

As a life simulation game Sims Free play includes many normative codes and values. They include features such as being married to have a child and also being able to own a house as a teen.

Sims Freeplay provides a useful case study for the discussion of Baudrillard’s concept of simulacra and hyperreality.

Media representation

representation of certain social groups/ class

represent cultural traditions and values within the game

Sims construct and function stereotypes to generalise their audience.

It has optimistic views of the world and claims realism.

Audience response to representation and issues around identity

Audience

Stuart Halls encoding/ decoding theory can be applied for the sims free play for the audience to decode the values which EA Mobile has encoded into the game.

first issued in January of 2003 teen vogue is owned by Conde Nast. Final issue of print teen vogue was in December 2017. The editor for teen vogue is Anna Wintour who publishes monthly. Targeted for teenagers teen vogue was created for the high society and etiquette.

“Teen Vogue is the young person’s guide to saving the world. We aim to educate, enlighten, and empower our audience to create a more inclusive environment (both on- and offline) by amplifying the voices of the unheard, telling stories that normally go untold, and providing resources for teens looking to make a tangible impact in their communities.”

Representation

They challenge traditional stereotypes, Teen Vogue highlights the difference in beauty rather the idea of fitting in and making yourself looking perfect. However, it can be seen as reinforcing traditional stereotypes as the models wear makeup and are photo shopped. Left wing view. Feministic views.

https://www.teenvogue.com/story/why-im-letting-go-of-roe-v-wade

Identity

Gauntlett had already developed his fluidity of identity concept by the time Teen Vogue was first published, but the magazine was still positioning the audience to accept a conventional view of femininity and beauty by focusing on physical appearance rather than emphasising a message of empowerment.

It is a worry that this is harming teens mental health.

Semiotics

What is postmodernism?

Postmodernism can be seen as reimagining and copying things off others. In regards to art its the modern version of the earlier version but still copied from previous work.

1. Pastiche – the work of art, drama, literature, music or architecture that imitates the work of the artist.
2. Parody – is work or a performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony.
3. Bricolage  – construction or creation of something. The creation of a character and creation of new identities.
4. Intertextuality – the link between reality and a made up world
5. Referential – the film talking about the film is REFERENTIAL (ie it refers to itself), for example when they are passionate and Allegro tells (us?) what the function of this scene is. Also at the end when each character analyses each character – motivation, script, narrative function etc
6. Surface and style over substance and content
7. Metanarrative
8. Hyperreality – nothings really real or new as we always copy off something from earlier years.
9. Simulation (sometimes termed by Baudrillard as ‘Simulacrum’) – the idea of taking the viewer away from reality and placing them into a fake situation. audience imagination creates a simulation.
10. Consumerist Society – one in which people devote a great deal of time, energy, resources and thought to “consuming”
11. Fragmentary Identities – when the body divides traits and feelings, and groups them into smaller sections, keeping some of them hidden until a safe space for expression is provided
12. Alienation- a rejection of social institutions and processes. Disassociation from reality into a made up world.
13. Implosion
14. cultural appropriation
15. Reflexivity

Love box in your living room is a Pastiche. This is seen in “a cup of tea” written in 1960 shown 18 minutes into the show

“love box” is a pastiche to Adam Curtis “oh dearism”

In regards to memento

The film begins with Leonard shooting Teddy – the climax of his quest for vengeance. The main question facing Leonard is ‘Who killed his wife?’ and ‘How can he find him to take revenge?’ These questions seem to be answered in the first five minutes – so what enigmas are created for the audience as the plot moves (backwards in time)? How are these enigmas answered? Are the answers stable (i.e. are the undermined by what we discover later)?

The same as of mice and men, post modernism taking the events of. of mice and men making it the beginning of the story in memento.

Immanence = means literally ‘to remain within’, but seen by postmodernists as concept whereby things can exist without referring to anything outside of themselves for meaning

Rhizomatic thought = ‘rhizomes’ are plant life that don’t follow the root-tree system e.g. fungus or mould. There is no ‘core’, no lesser or greater elements. If you destroy the centre of a mould the rest doesn’t die (like if you destroyed the trunk of a tree), it continues to thrive.

concept of identity in post modernism

there is no real you its all just a collection of fragments

you are an ongoing project. for example if you chose to cut your hair the project has changed.

as a product we are all unstable GILES DELEUZE

none can tell us who we really are as ongoing problems and views in society change the notion of truth.

LUCAN we use other images to form ourselves

experiences constructed in the media influence us and create immersive experiences which feel real to us as a direct experience.

consumerism

you are what you buy

‘plastic self’ – we want to experience as much product as possible within our life spans.

‘expressive self’ using products to define and identify ourselves.

in memento

• there is no real you
• there’s no truth in history
• people that claim to known the truth are untrustworthy
• knowledge doesn’t add up
• fact and fiction are reliant on each other to the point where they cannot be divided.

Deleuze disputes the idea of a hierarchy to knowledge or experience or identity; and the notion of there being a core ‘truth’ that we can find by adding together knowledge.