Most media companies have a concentration of ownership through vertical and horizontal integration caused by large conglomerates
Role of Advertising
Due to the fact that it costs more to make a newspaper than they can sell it for the newspaper companies must use advertising to make back the loss of profit from companies that want their company or product advertised to the masses
Official sources / Links with establishment
People in powerful positions may control stories about sensitive topics thus leading to either fake news or news that has a twisted version of the truth. Reporters may also be heavily influenced in many ways such as a cash bribe in order to warp the truth
Diversionary Tactics / Flak
Distracting people from serious issues either locally or across the world
The discredit of information and shifting of agenda and the diverting information
Hard to get the full, true picture with all the opinions around nowadays.
Marginalising dissent / Uniting against a common enemy
Media that is produced is directed towards the common consensus against something so it appeals to the most amount of people at once
public sphere- The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action.
private sphere– The private sphere is the complement or opposite to the public sphere. The private sphere is a certain sector of societal life in which an individual enjoys a degree of authority, unhampered by interventions from governmental or other institutions
” Within this public sphere, people collectively determine through the processes of rational argument the way in which they want to see society develop”
In reference to Harbermas’s study’s
“From it can be extrapolated a model of a public sphere as a neutral zone where access to relevant information affecting the public is widely available.”
“Pride month is an empty gesture now” This states that people don’t take the LGBTQ movement seriously anymore shown in the skit by American comedian Meg Statler in which she opens a butter shop and comes across as gay by using incredibly stereotypical phrases and actions. Also the US military’s new campaign of inclusivity includes a new poster that was released during pride month which includes ” a soldier’s helmet adorned with six bullet in the colours of the rainbow” this is also contributing to the fact that the pride rainbow is so overused that it has lost all meaning as a symbol of the movement
Left Wing
Right Wing
Libertarianism or Authoritarianism
Technology
An article talks about what the government should invest in so that the GDP will increase in this case it is biotech and spacefaring
Class
It talks about how the poorest people in the country are the most hard hit by inflation
Foreign Aid
With the conflict in Ukraine the western allies have been forced into supplying financial and military aid to Ukraine this has caused Britain to send long range missile systems to a foreign power for the first time. This act shows that Britain stand with Ukraine in the conflict and in the overall war to halt Russian aggression in eastern Europe
War
This paper talks about the horrors of war from the perspective of a British paramedic who volunteered in Ukraine the soldier states that “Bodies were hanging from trees” the soldier also states that in the streets dead bodies were “boobie trapped for any allies trying to recover their comrades” including all of these gruesome details could be a way to force the general public into a more anti war view
Political Party’s
Focus on the state of the conservative party and its future
Monarchy
Heavy focus on the good aspects of the monarchy such as the quote from the queen that she will continue to monarch “to the best of my ability”
Economy
Talks about the decline in the economy and inflation and who is affected by it more
There is also a section call ” The Business Matrix” which includes articles about lack of employment and taxes on harmful products such as tobacco. It also includes graphs that display inflation and value of certain countries respective currencies
Early theoretical work on the relationship (or effects) of media consumption are often traced back to Harold Lasswell, who developed the theoretical tool of ‘content analysis’ and in 1927 wrote Propaganda Technique in the World War which highlighted the brew of ‘subtle poison, which industrious men injected into the veins of a staggering people until the smashing powers . . . knocked them into submission’ (link). As Martin Moore notes, Lasswell, as a behavioural scientist researching areas connected with political communication and propaganda, believed each government had ‘manipulated the mass media in order to justify its actions’ in World War 1 (2019:122).
2. Two Step Flow of Communication (active consumption)
At the same time Paul Lazarfeld recognised that a simple, linear model may not be sufficiently complex to understanding the relationship between message sent > message received. As such, in 1948 he developed the Two Step Flow model of communication, which took account of the way in which mediated messages are not directly injected into the audience, but while also subject to noise, error, feedback etc, they are also filtered through opinion leaders, those who interpret media messages first and then relay them back to a bigger audience.
As Martin Moore suggests, ‘people’s political views are not, as contemporaries thought, much changed by what they read or heard in the media. Voters were far more influenced by their friends, their families and their colleagues’ (2019:124).
3. Uses and Gratifications (active selection)
The distinction is this approach is rather than categorising the audience as passive consumers of messages, either directly from source, or from opinion leaders, this theory recognises the decision making process of the audience themselves. As Elihu Katz explains the Uses and Gratifications theory diverges from other media effect theories that question: what does media do to people?, to focus on: what do people do with media?
information / education
empathy and identity
social interaction
entertainment
escapism
It is suggested that much of this research was informed by Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs (1954), which argues that people actively looked to satisfy their needs based on a hierarchy of social and psychological desires. Maslow’s thinking was centred around Humanistic psychology According the web page ‘Humanist Psychology’ (link here) the basic principle behind humanistic psychology is simple and can be reduced to identify the most significant aspect of human existence, which is to attain personal growth and understanding, as ‘only through constant self-improvement and self-understanding can an individual ever be truly happy‘.
Media Language The series is visually interesting, constructing a stylised representation of ‘real’ places which transmit meanings about characters, places and issues. A detailed analysis of different aspects of mise-en-scene will provide students with a strong foundation to build on in terms of analysing representations, ideological meanings and audience positioning.
Analysis should include: • Mise-en-scene analysis • Semiotics: how images signify cultural meanings • Postmodernism: Use of pastiche and bricolage
Media Representations Witnesses provides a range of representational areas to explore from the national and regional to family structures and gender roles. All of the areas tend to overlap with representations of nation signified through aspects of ethnicity, religion and class, while the reinforcement and subversion of gender stereotypes allow students to consider how representations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances:
Media Language The Missing is a complex mainstream television product in which the codes and conventions of the crime drama are recognisable but they are also challenged and sometimes subverted. Detailed analysis of this media form including the process through which media language develops as genre will provide students with an opportunity to understand and reflect on the dynamic nature of genre.
Analysis should include: • Mise-en-scene analysis • Semiotics: how images signify cultural meanings
Media Representations The Missing provides a range of representational areas to explore; gender, the family, place, issues, events, class
In this post I will look at the conventional rules of moving images which include the language and gramma, This refers to films, tv, adverts, animations and other moving image products.
Camera focus can be used to move from one thing to another for example focusing from someone in the foreground to someone in the background, this is done to shift the audience focus to another character.
I will use camera focus in my new video clips to focus on significant characters or items in my film
Tracking / Panning / Craning / Tilting / Hand held / Steadicam
Establishing Shot / Long Shot / Medium Shot / Close-up / Big Close-Up / Extreme Close Up (students often struggle with the first and the last again issues with SCALE, SIZE & SPACE, so practice is really important)
Insert Shot
I will be using different shot sizes and camera angles to display a tense moment in the film such as if the characters are having a argument. I will also be using different camera angles to display the scene or setting better such as using a long shot to display a large setting.
Insert shots are used to draw the viewers attention to a single aspect in the scene
Satellites – embellishments, developments and aesthetics Kernels – key moments in the plot / narrative structure
Proairetic and Hermenuetic Codes
Proairetic code – action, movement, causation Hermeneutic code – reflection, dialogue, character or thematic development Enigma code = the way in which intrigue and ideas are raised which encourage an audience to want more information
The genre may be considered as a ‘practical device’ for helping any mass medium to produce consistently and efficiently and to relate its production to the expectations of its customers.
Genre is a way of thinking about media production (INSTITUTIONS) and media reception (AUDIENCES). Overall genre study helps students to think about how media texts are classified, organised and understood.
Consumers want their media to be PREDICTABLE and EXPECTED but they also want it to be INNOVATIVE and UNEXPECTED.
saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures
