Statement of Intent

For our radio production, we intend to create a radio show where we discuss a hundred years since the creation of the BBC, discussing media theorists and how they relate to the BBC.

Elements that make Press a quality or not quality tv programme:

Acting – Good

Lighting, camera angles, editing, sound – Good

Storyline – Intriguing, quite suspenseful.

Outfits, hair, makeup – Professional, suitable for the roles they were playing.

Settings – In a professional, suitable office space. Opera house etc. Could be more exciting

Music/sound effects – Opening song, quite intriguing for the programme.

Professional marketing –

Broadcasting targets mass media, a big audience

Narrowcasting targets a niche audience

The BBC was made in 1922.

Radio was the first media broadcasting form, then television.

The first director general was Lord John Wreath.

They established an ethos with three main principles, ‘Entertain, Inform and Educate’.

To oversee due diligence and regulation the Government has a charter, BBC charter. A set of rules to make sure the BBC is doing what they are meant to be.

The BBC took up a paternalist approach, not a populist approach. Differences, good, bad.

Popular is giving more of what people enjoy, however it could be a detriment to them through exploitation (entertainment).

Paternalist is advising what is best (education/inform) even if it is not as pleasurable.

Grace Wyndham-Goldie noting the msot significant thingh about broadcasting that it changes time and space.

What life would have been livefd 100 years ago is like the here and now.

New communication media technologies allow you to change time and space il.e. the telephoine, recording abnd being able to listen back layrter

Fear people have of new technologies will ruin everything – people will stop talking to each other, wont work

The BBC became like ‘social cement’. British culture was centred around the BBC.

Habermas – In 1929 the BBC had a round up aimed at women. Public sphere.

BBC allows communications and connections within the media between different people.

‘Cable television was left to produce programmes that were suffiently attractive for the public to buy’

Double Think George Orwell. Government and ministers

Curran and Seaton – Ownership effects

‘

‘Oh is a reimagination of Oh Comely magazine and is still a place to meet new people, hear their stories and hopefully leave you looking at life a little differently. And every issue will still have beautiful photography and illustration at its heart’, from the magazine’s website.

• An alternative magazine, niche target audience
• A part of a development in lifestyle and environmental movements movements
• Average age of 27 and 98% female readers ABC1 demographic
• Owned by Iceberg Press (Lisa Sykes), a strictly print independent small publisher based in London ran by a small number of people.
• The publisher also only publishes one other title The Simple Things
• Created by the publisher to ‘bridge the gap between the m,
• 100k followers on social media
• 25k readers for each issue
• Sold by independent retailers, WHSmith and international outlets
• ‘published without the financial support of a large corporation or institution in which the makers control publication and distribution…’independent’

Focus on women as speaking out and female empowerment. No focus on appearance, the model has short hair and is wearing clothes that cover her and is posing in a neutral way where there is a focus on her face with natural makeup. No focus on anything to do with appearance such as makeup, clothes, diet etc instead ‘stories, film, music’. Although conventional features of femininity such as she is wearing makeup and jewellery. ‘Comely’ is an archaic word meaning pretty or attractive, not in a sexual way.

Words shown in the front cover ‘power’, ‘hard won’, ‘strong’, radical as women in media are shown conventionally as quiet, weak and passive.

Positive representation of women of different backgrounds (refugees) shown in a positive light, images of them smiling etc. careers such as women in STEM (a woman shown as a CEO of a tech company) as that is challenging stereotypes that women are not very tech literate but this woman is in fact CEO of a tech company.

More masculine representation of women, challenging society’s representation of women.

Positive representation and representation of women who have different body sizes e.g. plus size, woman wearing a headscarf that is rarely seen in conventional media. Positive representation of African/Middle Eastern women campaigning about FGM that is not to do with poverty, terrorism, war.

Men’s Health focuses on what men can become, Oh Comely focuses on what women are.

• Dominant signifier of a very masculine looking man on the front cover. Representation of masculinity, reactionary. Muscular, masculine posture and serious facial expression. Lighting used to highlight muscles, enhance using photoshop
• Barthes myth of patriarchy
• Lexical field of blast, demolish
• Gender performance – Performing as a character, a masculine man. Toril Moi
• Representation =
• Iconic signs of muscles, reactionary and typical of a man’s health magazine
• Colours of text are blue and black and in bold, typical masculine colours. Perpetuate the seriousness of the magazine as the man is posing with a serious facial expression, black is a serious colour
• Genre –
• Narrative – Roland Barthes Enigma code – ‘Blast body fat!’ Encourages audience to want to read the magazine to learn how to lose weight.

Dictation. The School of Life produced a video called ‘How to be a man’, while this is not an academic theory it nevertheless presents two version of masculinity the Warm man and the cool man. It is possible to identify these two versions in men’s health thus supporting Gauntlett’s notion of fluid, negotiated, constructive identity.

For example, on page 6 the cool man. Page 44 warm man.

Who ownership, audience, strategies of Men’s health and find out at least 10 significant factual (statistical) points.

• Statistics: 708,000 men from April 2019 to March 2020 read the Men’s Health magazine each month in the UK. The second largest demographic group counted
• In January-December 2021 there were 66,428 paid subscriptions to Men’s Health and 21,871 paid single copies. also 1,174 free copies These were mainly in the UK and the ROI. 74% of the copies (66, 734) were print copies and 23,077 were digital.
• Hearst – ‘Is a leading, diversified information, services and media company with operations in 40 countries’.
• It has ownership of 33 television stations, 24 daily and 52 weekly newspapers; digital service businesses, and almost 260 magazines in the world.
• Also 200 websites around the world and owning more than 25 brands in the US.
• Hearst Communications is the parent company of Men’s Health. A conglomerate.

Laswell’s hypodermic model: audience passively consumes the ideology that men have to be masculine, strong, serious. ‘This month’s specialists revolve to make 2017 your fittest year ti date’ suggests that men need to be in shape, using the personal pronoun ‘your’ to make the article about them and feel personal. ‘Good fats still make you fat’ there is a huge focus on health and fitness and being in shape to be more attractive. Makes the audience fearful that if they still eat healthy fats they can still gain weight and they won’t be a real man.

Lazarfeld. All I got for Christmas is a load of festive debt. Can you help? Information and education.

Stuart Hall theories

Page 2-3

Dominant reading – What you show off you attract.

Opposition theory – Who reads it, politics. That the person has to look a certain way to attract someone good looking. Or how the man is acting toward the woman, unhappy about it. Exploitation of females. Feminism.

Negotiation theory –

who owns it ownership institution conglomerates cross media ownership globalisation Hearst, examples what pages and contents, language how its made up what it means representation how it is how people interpret it audience theories. industry language representation audience

some shift toward challenging cultural CONTEXT Bur not a lot explain why…

can have quantative and qualitative data

• Owned by Hearst publishing, a multinational conglomerate as well as a variety of other fashion and lifestyle magazines.
• A commercial media institution which has the primary focus of print.
• due to developments in technology, men’s health is now also in a print edition and

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For my newspaper NEA I am going to produce the front cover and a double page spread of a local newspaper called The Jersey Times. It will be aimed at an audience of all ages living in the region who are interested in national and international news stories as well as stories relating specifically to the local area, especially those that concern the right’s of islanders and want to be aware of news regarding

My article concerns a local issue – the housing crisis in Jersey. This will make it easy for me to take an original photograph as I can easily go and take a picture in Jersey. This will have links to theories of the ‘Liberal Free Press’ by Curran and Seaton as well as Habermas in terms of creating the newspaper.

The style model I will be following is from our CSPs: The Daily Mail and The i. I will produce a masthead at the top of the page, which will be made in photoshop at the top of the page, similar to the Daily Mail and The i. I will also include the date of publication, the price of the newspaper and the barcode. My main image will be of a picture of town with lots of buildings and some houses and flats as a dominant signifier, which will make the readers aware of what the article is about. As well as this, it will also include the headline, ‘The Looming Housing Crisis of an Affluent Island’ in wrapped text to follow my style models and the main body of the the article in three columns (approximately 200 words) with the first letter being a drop cap, it will also include a page number to refer to the article at greater length somewhere else in the newspaper to resemble the real life product of a newspaper. A strapline will be included to draw the readers/audience in. There will also be included plugs to other stories in the newspaper with their page numbers. I will use Times New Romans font to try and resemble the professional look of a conventional newspaper. The colour scheme will be black and white for a more contemporary and clean appeal.

My newspaper will have a libertarian compass, as it is concerned with society and humanitarian ideologies rather than authoritarianism and individualistic matters. This links to Haubermas’s theory of ‘The Public Sphere’ and how the intention was for newspaper to allow for a ‘libertarian expression of thought and opinion’. In addition, this will also relate to Laswell’s hypodermic model theory, sender transfers a message, through a medium that has a direct effect on the receiver.

The article will follow the ‘Inverted Pyramid Structure’ to appeal more to the readers/audience.

Body text

House prices have gone through the roof in the small, wealthy island of Jersey. Former Jersey resident, John Le Breton, says that he ‘had to leave the island after my family had lived here for generations as he could not afford to afford a home. Which is a great shame as Jersey is a safe, beautiful place to live in but it is just too expensive to live here’.

Young people as well as retirees are especially struggling to purchase a house in Jersey. Even, for middle class families that are educated and are employed. Research has found that a standard three-bedroom house in Jersey costs on average is £861,000. A one-bedroom flat comes with the average cost of £339,000, which comes to a nearly £40,000 increase in comparison to 12 months prior. In addition to this, working class households are not able to ‘service a mortgage affordably’ for a two bedroom flat, according to the most recent House Price Index report released by Statistics Jersey, based on the final quarter from 2021.

Evidentially, Islanders are really struggling to afford to live in a place they call home. What is even worse is that, politicians are denying that the housing crisis exists which of course does not help the people of Jersey feel any better. Michael Van Neste, Consultant of the Jersey Homes Trust who has been working there for 26 years, says that the housing crisis is down to an ‘ineffective government’ and is ‘causing poverty and despair’.

The Five Filters of Mass Media

1. The Structures of Ownership – A few companies or the same companies. Have connections or are connections to people already in power. Most are part of mass media conglomerates with the ultimate aim of making a profit. Critical of Curran and Seaton, do not want people educated.
2. The Role of Advertising – Selling products to us, no one wants to buy. Shortfall in economic relationship, compensated by advertising.
3. Links with ‘the established’- Have connections or are connections to people already in power
4. Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’. Diverting people’s attention. Discrediting, distorting, undermining, destroy, shift, manipulate. Change the focus, debate etc.
5. Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

A way in which the media set the agenda

AGENDA SETTING

FRAMING

MYTH MAKING

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

Noam Chomsky

A leftist who criticised the media.

His book ‘Manufacturing Consent’ established a

The Public Sphere is issues that are shared among society (a group) and discussing them freely together and the Private Sphere is regarding issues about an individual person in their own life.

The Printing Press

Created in 1440 in Germany

Libertarian – an advocate or supporter of a political philosophy that advocates only minimal state intervention in the free market and the private lives of citizens.

Authoratian –

Authoratian –

Authoratian – favouring or enforcing strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.

Left wing – Concerned with society more, humanity.

Right wing – More to do with the individual. Wants control and power.

Economic globalisation

Superiority (racial)

Nationality/patriotic

Finance, capitalism, communism, consumerism, taxes

Monopolies, multinational, companies, businesses. Transnational corporations

Fusion of entertainment and information –

Protectionism –

Civil liberties –

One party state –

Democracy –

Commodification –

Keyword/theme/question		Daily Mail (textual evidence)	Daily Mail (institutional evidence)			The i (textual evidence)
Economic globalisation			One of the first British newspapers			
Business over humans						Page 20. ‘Trade is not at heart of the EU’.
Global issues						Page 16. ‘
Racial superiority		Page 1-14. Lack of racial diversity, features mainly white people when the theme was about togetherness and the support of one another.				
Nationalism/patriotism		Page 6 ‘…Final parade was so British’. Page 10 ‘How the nation came together to put on a right royal spread’, exclusive as the whole nation would not be participating to help with the Jubilee.	The paper achieved huge success early on especially as it embraced Britain’s entry into a new technological era.			
Regulation						
One-party state		Page 2 suggests the UK is a one party state ‘no alternative’, ‘we are strongest when united’ this shows a very authoritarian perspective.				
Commodification						
Democracy						
Right wing/left wing		Page 2 ‘Tory MPs last night were plotting a course for disaster by seeking to remove Boris Johnson as prime minister’, implying Boris is the best and superior to other PM candidates, as part of the right-wing, Tory party.				Page 18. ‘Boos for the PM’. Left wing as they are saying it is Boris’s fault as he broke strict lockdown rules.
Authortarism/libertarianism		Page 18. ‘Boris Johnson by a country mile is the best Prime Minister to lead the Tory government’.				Page 20. ‘Speaking truth to power. Thank you Michael for saying what needed to be said about the oppressive state of Israel’. Allows for other opinions to be heard, to speak about important issues.
Traditional values			Daily Mail was one of the first British newspapers to popularise its coverage so it could appeal to a mass readership. The original edition of the newspaper was printed in broadsheet format on the 4th of May 1986.					Launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent.
Pro-tory		Page 18. ‘Boris Johnson by a country mile is the best Prime Minister to lead the Tory government’ represents an attitude that the only way is for the Tories to win for the country to be run well. Patriotic too with the use of the metaphor – ‘by a country mile’, meaning England.						The newspaper has no supplements, which the newspaper prides itself on as it does not want to clog up recycling bins compared to other good British newspapers that do, as it wants to give readers the best reading experience.
Class		Page 14 Prince Charles united the UK. Represents the Royals as superior to others in society.				
Fusion between entertainment/news		Page 9. Prince Louis sticks his tongue out at his mum. Patriotic. Right wing. Authoritarian.				
Women’s issues		Page 34. Surrogacy. ‘What takes you to surrogacy is ‘years of loss and heartache’. Frowning upon other ways of pregnancy, more conservative. Ukrainian woman was the surrogate, paper’s political compass is not supportive and treating them more like things instead of people.
Education		‘My lifelong shame over failing to go to university’. Page 32. Suggesting that university is the only way to get a good job, to earn lots of money.
War						Page 19. ‘Putin the Great? Hardly’. Suggests they are not Pro-Putin and are not supporting the Russian invasion.

Daily Mail was one of the first British newspapers to popularise its coverage so it could appeal to a mass readership.

Has a mainly female audience/readers; women are 52-55% of the Daily Mail’s readers.

An older audience; the average age is 58.

A quality, popular newspaper. In February 2020, the gross daily sales of 1, 134, 184. However, sales have fallen below of 900,000 for the first time in over a century.

Middle class text producers: ‘the voice of Middle-England’.

A right-wing newspaper.

Yellow journalism – Sensationalistic/biased stories represented as factual.

It was founded by brothers Alfred Harmsworth and Harold Harmsworth. Who would later get the titles Lord Northcliffe and Lord Rothmere.

The original edition of the newspaper was printed in broadsheet format on the 4th of May 1896.

The paper achieved huge success early on especially as it embraced Britain’s entry into a new technological era.

As well as this, it also focused on fast delivery of the news, using new technology for example mechanical typesetting on a linotype machine and rotary printing machines for faster delivery of the newspaper compared to others at the time.

In the 1930s, Lord Rothmere’s son R

The i

Newspaper bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on the 29th of November 2019, for £49.6 million. So it is not entirely left-wing.

More inclusive and potentially more progressive compared to the older, more right-wing newspaper The i as it has a ‘Your View’ page where it shares opinions from the audience (readers letters) on Page 20. There are also social media handles on the top of the select pages, which represents it as a more modern newspaper, and furthermore more progressive, it could also mean it wants to connect to a younger audience.

Aimed at ‘readers and lasped readers’ for all ages and commuters, shows it is inclusive for everyone.

Launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent.

In the 2017 and 2019 UK general elections, the i decided not to endorse a political party

Classified as ‘quality’ in the UK market although it is published in the standard compact tabloid-size format.

A well regarded newspaper by numerous journalists, it has gained a good reputation over time

The newspaper has no supplements, which the newspaper prides itself on as it does not want to clog up recycling bins compared to other good British newspapers that do, as it wants to give readers the best reading experience.

I intend to make print campaigns to raise awareness of a media regulation issue – women’s right for education in developing countries.

I will make three products. Firstly, I will produce a social campaign, this will look like an Instagram post, it will have a #worldswomensrights, it will feature a main picture emblematic of my campaign of an African woman with a google search bar edited over her face with the words typed ‘women should stay at home’, ‘women should not work’, ‘women need to know their place’ and lastly, ‘women should not have rights’ over her mouth to indicate how women have had a lack of freedom of speech and have a right to a good education and to work. It will also have a username, it will also have all of the icons, logos, emblems that are associated with Instagram eg share, like button etc.

For my second, I will create a poster, which will be by Unicef. It will include a strapline, ‘Women’s Rights are Human Rights’, with the dominant signifier of an Asian women wearing a hijab as well as the Unicef logo.

For my third,

The audience for my products are sixth form and college students mainly from the ‘West’ as it is about raising awareness of what Jacques Lacan calls ‘The Other’. In fact, this campaign will help me to understand and engage with the concept of ‘Orientalism’ developed by Edward Said, which talks about how the West stereotype and caricature the East. So I will look to create positive countertypes and messages to support my ideas.

In terms of audience theory this is adopting what Paul Lazarfeld called the Two Step Flow theory which drew upon opinion leaders to alter perceptions and ideas.

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