Radio was popularized in the late 20’s early 30’s. The broadcast happened on Oct 31st 1938.

12M listeners – surveys found that 1 in 12 thought it was true – 1M people

“a “War of the Worlds” reenactment happened in the mountains of Quito, Ecuador, 1949.”

the Chase & Sanborn hour ran alongside the Mercury Theatre at the same time – this show was much more popular which is why most people missed the introduction stating it was fake. They only tuned in after Chase and Sanborn brought on an unpopular singer.

Aimed at an audience of teenagers to early twenties, however median age of listeners is around 30

Launched on 10th Sep 1973

Transmitted live over digital audio broadcast most weekdays at 12:45 and 17:45. The show can also be watched online with a BBC account, with episodes watchable for up to thirty days after they originally aired.

Its funded by the tax from the government, the money from certain tax goes to the BBC for education.

Broadcast on BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 1 Xtra and the BBC Asian Network

02/11/22 – Show had a story on James Corden stealing Ricky Gervais’ joke – popular story that can be found on social media which may impact amount of listeners as they may have already seen the story.

Presenters/Reporters on the show have been told to address listeners as if they were “talking to a friend” according the the programme’s editor. Adds a friendly feel to the programme which may entice listeners. They have also been told to steer clear of polysyllabic words which allows for listeners to not have to pay as much attention when listening.

Broadcasting is the dissemination of information across a more global audience whereas narrowcasting is across a more narrow/smaller audience

Is Press Quality Television?
1.Well acted
2.Coherent Story
3.Well edited to keep the shows mood and tempo/flow/pace
4.Good cinematography
5.Good lighting
6.Well structured

Populism is creating/shaping something around what people want whereas Paternalism is creating/shaping something around what people should have

The BBC ethos is to Inform, Educate and Entertain
The BBC charter is how they follow this ethos
They go against populism and have a more paternalistic approach to what they create.

People were concerned about the new technologies and what they would do.

Grace Wyndham Goldie – Television “transforms time and space”
Habermas – Transforms the public sphere

People feared and mistrusted this new technology

BBC acted like a “social cement”

I believe that oh comely does challenge the social and cultural contexts in which it was created. For example the magazine goes against Laura Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze, the model that the magazine uses for it’s front cover is not wearing revealing clothing

Final issue was published Sep 2021

Minimalistic style helps readers to focus on the “stories”

Created by Adeline Media – Owned by Iceberg Press which consists of only 4 people

Strong feminist perspective – Can be seen throughout the entirety of the magazine

100k on social media

25k readers per issue

average age of reader – 27

The model on the front of oh comely is wearing non-revealing clothing which goes against Laura Mulvey’s Male Gaze theory.

Words such as power, wisdom and strong are used which correspond with the model on the front of the magazine and also show the magazine’s message.

Absence of representation of men throughout the magazine show that women take the priority in this magazine

Iceberg Press is an independent media company that has a more niche audience – committed to print over other forms of media

Focused on women as artists, entrepreneurs, athletes and musicians and female empowerment

Stuart Hall reception theory: Dominated, Negotiated, Oppositional

pg. 54 Deanna Rogers is seen in a spotlight which connotes importance and that she is in the limelight as apposed to a man. The article

In a digital world, print magazines have little appeal, this is shown through magazines such as Men’s Health having digital versions that people can read online. Furthermore, the front cover of Men’s Health magazine

I believe that Men’s Health does not challenge the social and cultural context in which it was created and is a reactionary magazine. I see this in the dominant signifier of Vin Diesel in the middle of the page, posed in a manner that shows off his muscles. Furthermore his body has been clearly altered, possibly in photoshop, which can be seen in the colour of his arms and how much darker they get as you go down his body. The clothes that he is wearing are also tight fitting which helps to show his muscles to the audience. When people read a Men’s Health magazine they would expect the “perfect man” to be on the front cover to show what the perfect man would look like. This is also similar to the score CSP which also has a dominant signifier of the “perfect man” as the main selling point, showing that little to no progress has been made in challenging the social and cultural beliefs that people have of men. Vin Diesel signifies what people would want to become when they read this magazine. All of the text on the front page is either black or different shades of blue, which are typically associated with masculinity and the male gender. Vin Diesel is shown again in the editor’s letter, with the text “Diesel’s slant is one to aspire to” which again tells audiences that they should be like him. George Gerbner’s Cultivation Theory states that people who consume media often are more susceptible to the messages in said media, so Men’s Health showing Vin Diesel multiple times throughout the magazine and stating that he is “one to aspire to” sends the message to audiences that Vin Diesel is the standard for all men. On page 101 there is an article about a 69 year old marathon runner which is radical

	What do you know about	What meanings or understandings do you have of their ideas? How can you apply their ideas to the CSPs?
Noam Chomsky	The 5 filters of mass media – Structures of ownership, role of advertising, links with “The Establishment”, Diversionary tactics and Uniting against a “Common Enemy”	Newspapers such as “Daily Mail” or “The i” ‘use’ these filters for profit – the motive of media – i.e. The Daily Mail will make powerful people look good in their newspapers.
James Curran	“Media enables viewers to plug into different views and different perspectives” “The professional media sector occupies a space wholly independent on the state and the market”. Wrote a book about how the media landscape has fallen under the control of a handful of global media conglomerates whose main goals are profit and reflects on contemporary concerns relating to digital media.	The Daily Mail and The i are both owned by the Daily Mail General Trust despite the newspapers having differing views (The i is more left wing/neutral and the Daily Mail is more right wing) This shows that the DMGT are gaining profit from both left wing and right wing audiences.
Habermas	The public sphere	With the rise of newspapers it introduced widely available information that wasnt available before. Which people could either agree or disagree with, and this created an arena of public debate.

The abuse of power – Joshua West hiring lawyers to take down the Herald’s newspaper

The Complicit links between those in power at the expense of those who are subservient – Habermas’ transformation of public sphere. Holding people to account through the media, especially those at the top e.g. royalty. In “Press” – the picture of the PM and his family. Chomsky states that consent is manufactured (it always serves someone’s interests) and that because of this, the truth can be hidden.

Rules & Regulation

The substantiation of Truth & Reality

How do we know things are real, links with the rise of new technologies as they disrupt how we receive knowledge due to having so much info available and having fake news.

The rise of new technologies

Disrupts how we receive knowledge due to having so much info available and having fake news.

I want to create a newspaper front cover using Adobe InDesign that features local news for jersey. Mainly, I want the newspaper’s front cover to focus on the easyJet “crisis” wherein several employees were let go and the airline cannot handle the amount of flights that normally would be happening during peak travel season. Losing out on a lot of money and cancelling several flights since the start of June.

I want my design to follow a similar layout to popular newspapers such as The Daily Mail, where there is a main heading near the top of the page below the title with a picture underneath.

BODY

In recent months, EasyJet has cut 7% of the 160,000 flights it planned to run between July & September. Across the UK, hundreds of flights were cancelled during the week of the Platinum Jubilee alone, and concerns have been raised about travel during summer. EasyJet’s chief executive, Johan Lundgren, stated that the airline would normally operate around 160,000 flights throughout the summer months, and has apologised that EasyJet “had not been able to deliver the service” that customers” have come to expect from us” and that he expected the airline to be able to “re-accomodate” passengers. However, the airline has also been blaming issues such as staff shortages in airports and air traffic control delays.

Introduction

The 2 CSPs “The i” and “The Daily Mail” construct an ideological view of the world based on their political compasses, The Daily Mail constructs a conservative view of the world, based around what they want and their views – whereas The i constructs a more liberal view of the world, shown in their neutrality.

Argument

The Daily Mail is a conservative newspaper, proven 0by quotes in the June 6th 2022 publication, such as “Boris Johnson is by a country mile the best person to lead the Tory government” on the editorial page. This quote is in support of Boris Johnson, the conservative Prime Minister of the UK. Furthermore, the newspaper opposes those who are against conservatism with quotes such as  “Tory rebels plotting catastrophe”. This quote shows to me that The Daily Mail is unhappy with the “Tory Rebels”, it also shows that the paper is a Tory paper – they want the Tory’s to succeed and is unhappy that the rebels are getting in the way of that. “Gimcrack alliance… they are either clueless or simply don’t care”, this quote shows the negative views that the paper has on the alliance – and that they believe that those supporting it are clueless. “Only Starmer gains from this clueless plot” helps to show this, Starmer is the leader of the Labour party, who the Daily Mail would not want in charge. Other quotes show The Daily Mails older and more traditional views, for example in the editorial column “Is West End going broke because it’s gone all woke?”. This quote is making fun of being “woke”, suggesting that it is the cause of the West End going “broke”. The Daily Mail is owned by the “Daily Mail and General Trust” – who’s chairman is The 4th Viscount Rothermere. Rothermere is a supporter of the former conservative leader David Cameron, which shows that he too is conservative. In addition, Lord Rothermere, who owned the paper before the 4th Viscount Rothermere, was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler- showing his support of them by directing the Daily Mail’s editorial stance in their favour during the early 1930’s. The paper was originally founded by Alfred Harmsworth in 1896, who whilst he was chairman, the paper reported on “The Shell Crisis of 1915”. The stance that the paper took was so critical of the liberal government, it caused the end of H. H. Asquiths lead as Prime Minister.

I would argue that the Daily Mail constructs an ideological view of the world based around conservatism, to target audiences who are conservative. Throughout the papers history, it has gone against liberals and supported those who are conservative (i.e. Hitler, Mussolini, Cameron) and shows more traditional or older views on the world – such as blaming being “woke” on the current downfall of the West End.

“The i” is a more liberal newspaper. Whilst also being owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust, it is run independently with only one editor. Whereas the Daily Mail openly supports the conservative party, The i does not – choosing to not endorse any political party during key moments such as elections. However quotes such as “How long before Priti Patel makes it illegal to boo at someone we find offensive?” openly criticise the conservative party – showing the papers liberal stance. In addition, Nick Clegg, a liberal deputy Prime Minister is a fortnightly columnist for the paper – having a liberal columnist shows the papers support for the liberals as opposed to having a conservative columnist. Jeremy Corbyn, former leader of the labour party, also showed his support for the newspaper – declaring himself a dedicated reader. This support to and from the left-wing parties shows that the paper is more liberal than the Daily Mail. whether they want to remain neutral or not. Furthermore, Oliver Duff – the editor for the paper – is the youngest editor for any UK national newspaper, which may give The i some newer views than the Daily Mails older ones. Whereas the Daily Mail has an editorial column, which shows the editors views and does not give a voice to many, The i has an “opinion matrix” instead; which can include a range of different voices and opinions and gives more freedom and plurality in those voices and opinions.

I would argue that The i, unlike the Daily Mail, is a lot more left wing. Whilst the newspaper tries to stay more neutral through methods such as not endorsing political parties during elections, the choice of including Nick Clegg’s fortnightly column shows the papers support for the left wing as opposed to the right wing. Even outside of the i’s editorial choices, having Jeremy Corbyn show public support of them tells us that the paper is more agreeable with those of the left wing. The i tries to construct a more neutral view of the world instead of constructing an ideological view of the world for the left or right wing, but outside influence gives the paper a more left wing view of the world.

Noam Chomsky states that the motive of the media is profit, and that critical journalism takes second place. The Daily Mail’s and The i’s journalism construct their views to target the audiences that buy into those views and increase profits. Noam Chomsky also states that there are 5 filters of mass media, and both papers have been shown to use these. For example, “Links with the establishment” – as mentioned earlier, Lord Rothermere was friends with Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, and supported both of them in The Daily Mail during the 30’s. Even now, the front page of the Daily Mail quotes “Joyous Jubilee” alongside a picture of Queen Elizabeth – which is in clear support of the royal family, the establishment of the UK. Another example of the 5 filters of mass media is “Uniting against a common enemy”. This is shown in The i, with their criticisms of different political parties. As mentioned earlier “How long before Priti Patel makes it illegal to boo at someone we find offensive?” in The i is clear criticism of the the conservative parties members.