Libertarianism- Libertarianism is a view in politics and philosophy that focuses on liberty. Libertarianism says that it is usually better to give people more free choice. It also says that the government should have less control over people. There are different kinds of libertarianism in both left-wing and right-wing politics.

Authoritarian- authoritarianism, principle of blind submission to authority, as opposed to individual freedom of thought and action. In government, authoritarianism denotes any political system that concentrates power in the hands of a leader or a small elite that is not constitutionally responsible to the body of the people.

permissive society-one in which liberal behaviour becomes more accepted – particularly with regard to sexual freedoms. One of the most famous examples is that of 1960s Britain, where being ‘deviant’ gained new meaning.

Key questions	Focus	Specifics
why regulate?	protection of children, criminal activity, health and safety, good working practising, privacy, Libal/slander/deformation of character	Rooney vs Vardy. Depp vs Heard
What gets regulated	Films, Tv shows, advertisement, videogames, music, radio, internet, books, newspaper, magazines, cartoons/animations	Blinded by the light regulated by the BBFC
Who regulates what?	Government(overall) BBFC (cinema) Ofcom individuals(?) Groups(?) Bodies(?) IPSO-regulates newspapers MPCS- Music PRS- Music PEGI-Games
How will regulation take place?	Copy right age ratings rating system

I intend to make a campaign about women’s rights and choices on abortion. My first campaign will be a poster which could be seen around public areas and large cities such as billboards or flyers. I am going to create my poster on photoshop and I intend to make it similar to one of the 3 pictures I have uploaded as I like the way it is set. My campaign is libertarian as it is about peoples own choices. On my second campaign, I am going to create another poster. My third campaign is going to be a banner which i am going to create on photoshop.

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Metanarratives- Provides audience with moments that draw attention to the idea that they are watching a story.

Frame stories- Stories told inside stories, testing Todorov’s ideal narrative structure through the presentation of nested moments of equilibrium and disequilibrium.

The difference between the culture industries and other industries is that the fact they run off/ adapt towards the majority/dominant culture to appeal to them more.

Public service broadcasting

Public service broadcasting is a non profit organisation which is independent but relies on the government for money. Its an organisation for everyone.

The ethos of the BBC is to inform, entertain and educate.

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Poster 1-Titanic

• Name of actors starring in the film
• Title
• Small print displaying key companies and people
• Information on previous films
• Titanic ship in the centre (dominant signifier)
• Strapline

Poster 2-Scream

• Title
• Strapline
• Mask placed in the top centre.
• Release date
• Name of actors starring

Poster 3-Oceans Eleven

The concept of space, side and scale while linking it to narrative theory. In other words key terminology – which also suggests that there is a GRAMMAR or CONVENTION or set of rules.

The focus is used to direct and prioritise elements in a shot and therefore prioritise certain information. For example, it will determine who the audience should look at (even if we are not listening to them).

• High angle / Low angle / bulls-eye / birds eye / canted angle
• Tracking / Panning / Craning / Tilting / Hand held / Steadicam
• Establishing Shot / Long Shot / Medium Shot / Close-up / Big Close-Up / Extreme Close Up (students often struggle with the first and the last again issues with SCALE, SIZE & SPACE, so practice is really important)
• Insert Shot

Editing is stitching things together and connecting different images. It is the concept of putting one thing next to another.

But the key question is WHEN TO EDIT ie when is it best to move from one shot to another? The answer is usually found in the following list:

1. EDIT ON ACTION
2. EDIT ON A MATCHING SHAPE, COLOUR, THEME
3. EDIT ON A LOOK, A GLANCE, EYELINE
4. EDIT ON A SOUND BRIDGE
5. EDIT ON A CHANGE OF SHOT SIZE
6. EDIT ON A CHANGE OF SHOT CAMERA POSITION (+30′)

Shot Sequencing 1: Parallel Editing

The use of sequential editing (editing one clip to another) allows for a number of key concepts to be produced:

• parallel editing: two events editing together – so that they may be happening at the same time, or not?
• flashback / flash-forward – allowing time to shift

Verisimilitude-The appearance of being true or real.

Amplify-Enlarge upon or add detail to (a story or statement).

Reinforced–

sub-genres-a subdivision of a genre of literature, music, film, etc.

hybrid genres–

The genre may be considered as a practical device for helping any mass medium to produce consistently and efficiently and to relate its production to the expectations of its customers. Since it is also a practical device for enabling individual media users to plan their choices, it can be considered as a mechanism for ordering the relations between the two main parties to mass communication.Dennis McQuail 1987, p. 200

In some ways it hold conventions of other genres, as such it could be considered as a SUB-GENRE film (a genre within a genre) or a HYBRID GENRE (a combination of two genres). However, overall, it could be said that “genre is a system of codes, conventions and visual styles which enables an audience to determine rapidly and with some complexity the kind of narrative they are viewing” (Turner p.97 Film as Social Practice)

A key theoretical area that underpins Media Language is the study of GENRE. Genre is a way of thinking about media production (INSTITUTIONS) and media reception (AUDIENCES). Overall, genre study helps students to think about how media texts are classified, organised and understood, essentially around SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCE. In that media texts hold similar patterns, codes and conventions that are both PREDICTABLE and EXPECTED, but are also INNOVATIVE and UNEXPECTED. The ideas of codes and conventions are the starting point to think about MEDIA LANGUAGE and has been discussed in earlier posts, remember each MEDIA FORM has its’ own language.

. . . saddled with conventions and stereotypes, formulas and
clichés and all of these limitations were codified in specific genres. This was the very foundation of the studio system and audiences love genre pictures . . .Scorcese, A personal Journey through American Cinema (1995)

Key Concepts:
● Cultural resistance
● Cultural hegemony
● Subcultural theory
Context:
● Race Relations
● Thatcher’s Britain
Case Studies:
● Rock Against Racism
● Rock Against Sexism
● 2 Tone

Antonio Gramsci: Italian philosopher writing in the 1930s

Key Terms:
● Hegemonic: dominant, ruling-class, power-holders
● Hegemonic culture: the dominant culture
● Cultural hegemony: power, rule, or domination maintained by ideological and cultural means.
● Ideology: worldview – beliefs, assumptions and values

Subcultural Theory: The Birmingham School (1970s)
● In the 1970s, a group of cultural theorists in Birmingham applied Gramsici’s theories to post-war
British working-class youth culture
● Looked at working class cultures like the teddy-boys, mods, skinheads, and punks – subcultures
unified by shared tastes in fashion, music and ideology.
● They argued argued that the formation of subcultures offered young working class people a solution
to the problems they were collectively experiencing in society.

Race:
● Bringing race into the picture in the 1980s, Paul Gilroy
highlighted how black youth cultures represented
cultural solutions to collectively experienced problems
of racism and poverty.

Racism from the State: The Police
● Frequent clashes between the police and black youth
● Widespread fears over law and order, black street
crime and the figure of ‘the mugger’
● SUS laws
● New Cross Fire (1981)

Margaret Thatcher:
● Prime Minister 1979-1990
● Militant campaigner for middle-class interests
● In an 1978 interview: ‘British national identity
could be swamped by people with different
culture’
● Hardline attitude towards immigrantion
● Conservative Manifesto: ‘firm immigration control
for the future is essential if we are to achieve
good community relations’
● British Nationality Act of 1981: introduced a
series of increasingly tough immigration
procedures and excluded Asian people from
entering Britain.