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New Media

New Media

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AI – Artificial intelligence is shaping the future of humanity across nearly every industry. It is already the main driver of emerging technologies like big data, robotics and IoT, and it will continue to act as a technological innovator for the foreseeable future.

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption
  • Transportation: Although it could take some time to perfect them, autonomous cars will one day ferry us from place to place.
  • Manufacturing: AI powered robots work alongside humans to perform a limited range of tasks like assembly and stacking, and predictive analysis sensors keep equipment running smoothly.
  • Healthcare: In the comparatively AI-nascent field of healthcare, diseases are more quickly and accurately diagnosed, drug discovery is sped up and streamlined, virtual nursing assistants monitor patients and big data analysis helps to create a more personalized patient experience.
  • Education: Textbooks are digitized with the help of AI, early-stage virtual tutors assist human instructors and facial analysis gauges the emotions of students to help determine who’s struggling or bored and better tailor the experience to their individual needs.
  • Media: Journalism is harnessing AI, too, and will continue to benefit from it. Bloomberg uses Cyborg technology to help make quick sense of complex financial reports. The Associated Press employs the natural language abilities of Automated Insights to produce 3,700 earning reports stories per year — nearly four times more than in the recent past.
  • Customer Service: Last but hardly least, Google is working on an AI assistant that can place human-like calls to make appointments at, say, your neighborhood hair salon. In addition to words, the system understands context and nuance.

TIME

SPACE

SPEED

CONTROL

RATE OF CHANGE

ACCESS

QUANTITY

NON – LINEAR

COLLABORATION

ADVANCES

QUALITY

OPPERTUNITY

STORAGE

RETREIVAL


share		activecreativehost
example or comment
story
		re-connectpersonalisestream
example or commentOld – story meaning literature
New – story having new meaning e.g. Instagram story		Old – can only stream a certain number of channels
New – Can stream hundreds of channels
experiencestorescaleimmerse
example or comment
interfaceliveadaptbinge
example or commentOld – unable to binge, have to wait for weekly episodes
New – Can binge series all in one
conversationre-performcirculateendless


Marshall McLuhan

He predicted the World Wide Web almost 30 years before it was invented.[

The Medium is the Message

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication – In other words, the medium (the technology) is more significant than anything else in determining meaning i.e. over companies, organisations, governments, individuals, representations, texts etc etc

A way of understanding ‘technological determinism‘ the idea that it is the tool that shapes us, rather than us who shape the tool.

Alex Krotoski- The Virtual Revolution. For example, she looks at the pioneering work of Vannevar Bush – ‘As we may Think‘ (1945) that describes a memory machine that would make knowledge (and thereby understanding?) more accessible.

OPICNOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’sthe impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)mental health
internet addiction? Choices made?
‘A world without consequences’
‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore VailThe Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop TheoryLoop Theory – predictive behaviour
But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling)

Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment

Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard)

(Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’

The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar NumberThe Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150.
So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bushassociative not linear thinking
the demise of long form reading

So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge.
Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Leethe inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhanThe Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

Internet statistics

As of 2022, there are 4.95 billion active internet users (DataReportal, 2022). That marks a 192 million year-over-year increase compared to 2021’s figures. At four percent, the growth in active internet users worldwide is four times faster than the total population growth, which stands at one

Over six out of every ten, or 65.6 percent, to be exact, of the entire world’s population has internet access

According to 24 movement guidelines it is recommended teens should spend up to 2 hours on the internet in 2018

Out of all the users of social media the average demographic user is 20-29 (Data Reportal)

In 2021 it was reported that Jersey is number 1 internet speed and connectivity globally

Skinner (operant conditioning). Reinforcement theory says that behaviour is driven by its consequences. As such, positive behaviours should be rewarded positively. Negative behaviours should not be rewarded or should be punished.

Suggested Essay Structure?

Remember to focus on key issues around new media – privacy, knowledge, understanding, education, friendship, behaviour, thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, politics, economics, employment, war, conflict, food, the environment, space, science (essentially social change)

  1. Overview: New media always creates change (printing press, telegram etc)
  2. Q: so how has recent technology changed (society, individuals, organisations, ideas, beliefs etc etc)
  3. CSP 1 – show knowledge of CSP
  4. characteristics of new media (in reference to CSP 1)
  5. theoretical / conceptual analysis of new media (loop theory, network theory, Dunbar number, McLuhan, Krotoski)
  6. Critically thinking about new media (Baudrillard, McLuhan, Krotoski, B. F. Skinner, Zuboff, Lanier – are all essentially critical of new media technologies. But Gauntlett, Shirky, Jenkins are all very positive about new media technologies)
  7. CSP 2 – show knowledge
  8. Draw parallels and conclusions
  9. Suggest future pathways / developments

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radio broadcast

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As a group we intended to create a broadcast that would overall inform, educate and entertain in regards to the BBC – correlating to the BBCS ethos. We will address the BBC’s history and identifying how it has both positively and negatively affected people in Britain. We intend to discuss our thoughts and opinions on the BBC as a media platform including its radio, websites e.g. BBC Bitesize and its television (Live and iPlayer). Furthermore, evidence will be provided to support our judgements such as statistics on audiences and information around presenters. As a group we wish to address the current BBC and the future BBC including information on the government’s plans to improve it e.g. removal of TV license tax in order to attract more/maintain views.

Moreover, we will include two songs to begin and end our broadcast which will be ‘The Chain – Fleetwood Mac’ and ‘Waterloo – ABBA’. These songs we chose due to them being songs we like and we have freedom to express ourselves in the radio broadcast.

Notes

bbc

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Press Opinons

  1. good acting
  2. good scripture
  3. hidden meaning – representation of media
  4. accurate representations
  5. relatable situations
  6. variation of character
  7. good cinematography
  8. good use of lighting
  9. suspenseful
  10. good plot twists

Broadcasting – presenting something to a wider, larger demographic

Narrowcasting – presenting something to a lesser audience with a more specific interest

Ethos of BBC – to inform, entertain and educate

Popularism – What the public want to see

Advantages: freedom

Disadvantages: no regulation

Paternalism – what the government want the public to see

Advantages: Regulation

Disadvantages: lack of freedom for public

Charter of BBC – A set of rules and regulations that are signed every year by media companies

Lord John Reith – a British broadcasting executive who established the tradition of independent public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom.

Grace Whyndam Goldie –  a British producer and executive in television for twenty years, particularly in the fields of politics and current affairs. During her career at the BBC, she was one of the few senior women in an establishment dominated by men.

There was a fear of new technology as it was unknown.

The BBC was acting as a social cement due to its importance of connecting society

How the BBC transformed the public sphere…

  • We know in the future that all media – newspapers, books, music, video, games – will converge online. 

Notes from Seaton:

‘broadcasting should be regarded as a public service for a social purpose’ as supported by Pilkinons report

Annan Report/committee – Pluralist view – ‘broadcasting should cater for full range of groups and interests in society rather than seek to offer moral leadership.

Hunt review ‘willingness to pay for cable television simply constituted a new source of revenue’

Notes from Curren:

‘were engines for social and political

Magazines, Mens Health

magazines

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SEMIOTICS, PRINT LANGUAGE & REPRESENTATION

dominant ideology of body image

dominant signifier = the man (vin diesel)

dominant blue colour to represent the stereotypical male

negative stereotype of men having to be strong (repetition of losing fat)

constructed reality – men should be strong

collective identity = men all striving to lose weight and be strong ‘build a six pack for life’

counter-type – old people being weak – 69 year old man marathon running

blast, demolish, burn = violent language represents attitude to fat

Steve Neal – genre – genres all contain instances of repetition and differences

  • magazines repeat the same idolisation of the ‘standard’ man and woman

 Barthes – all narratives share structural features that each narrative weaves together in different ways

  1. Positive and negative stereotypes
  2. Counter-types
  3. Misrepresentation
  4. Selective representation
  5. Dominant ideology
  6. Constructed reality
  7. Hegemony
  8. Audience positioning
  9. Fluidity of identity
  10. Constructed identity
  11. Negotiated identity
  12. Collective identity

The school of life video ‘how to be a man’ presents the ‘cool’ man and the ‘warm’ man. This links to Gauntlets notion that identity is fluid and negotiated. Aklthough this is not a theory we can see examples of the ‘cool’ man and the ‘warm’ man in Men’s Health.

For instance, on the front cover we can see Vin Deiseal positioned as the ‘cool’ man. I can tell this from his alpha-male stance and face expression. Additionally, you can see the ‘warm’ man represented in the contents page.

Men’s Health (UK edition) has a circulation of around 120,000 (down 16% year-on-year and including 40k free copies) and a readership of closer to 1 million. It began as a health magazine in the USA in 1986 and has gradually evolved into a men’s lifestyle magazine. The UK edition launched in 1995.

Although Men’s Health was founded in the US, its international editions have made it the world’s largest men’s magazine brand. These magazines reach over 71 million readers worldwide.

Hearst owns newspapers, magazines, television channels, and television stations, including the San Francisco Chronicle, the Houston Chronicle, Cosmopolitan and Esquire. It owns 50% of the A&E Networks cable network group and 20% of the sports cable network group ESPN, both in partnership with The Walt Disney Company.[4]

In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, which included a number of magazines and newspapers in major cities. Hearst also began acquiring radio stations to complement his papers.[16] Hearst saw financial challenges in the early 1920s, when he was using company funds to build Hearst Castle in San Simeon and support movie production at Cosmopolitan Productions. This eventually led to the merger of the magazine Hearst International with Cosmopolitan in 1925.[17]

NEA

statement of intent

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I will produce the front cover and a double page spread of a newspaper called ‘News Of Jersey’. My design for both newspaper products will be completed on Adobe InDesign and my campaigns on Adobe photoshop and will follow the Jersey Evening Post as the style model as I believe it is eye catching, professional and has a neat layout. This newspaper will be created with the intended audience being all ages particularly targeting those of the local area and my front cover story will cover the heatwave that occurred in Jersey during the early summer months. The story covered will not represent or include any political views, making it neither right-wing or left-wing. I believe this allows a wider audience to be able to be reached as it does not cause offense or disagreement.

My NEA will be created to reflect the the theories of semiotics. The dominant signifier on my front cover will be a beach and I will feature animals on the additional double spread which I think will be reactionary, as it shows the recent heatwave and dangers it can cause which the audience will drawn in by. I intend to include an image of a dog, which I will include on the double page spread will allow a guilt appeal towards audiences .

My newspaper will focus on soft news concerning the environment and animals which is current. My double page spread will highlight the issues of pet owners not caring for their animals during the heatwave well enough, exposing them to danger. I think this is a good story due to it being current and spreading awareness. The double page spread will contain six original images, which I will capture before beginning the work.

Additionally, I will create three promotional flyers. These flyers will highlight the same issue of animals and the heatwave to match my double page spread. I intend to make all three flyers eye-catching and informative using a range of blue and orange colours to match the theme of summer. All flyers will contain original images I will capture myself. I will base all flyers to have been created by the charity ‘Jersey Dog Association’ to provide more legitimacy, enhancing importance.

NEA

a level media coursework

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Statement of intent

For my a level coursework I have chosen to do brief 2. Brief 2 consists of a three page newspaper as well as three flyers to accompany. My topic I will document on is heatwaves. The front page will highlight the heatwave that hit the channel islands and the UK and the double page spread will document on the importance of looking after your animals in the summer/ summer events. These topics all correlate hence why they have been chosen. My style model is the Jersey evening post and i chose this because it is a local newspaper I am familiar with and I think the layout is ideal for what I want to create. My newspaper will target a vast audience of all ages.

My front page will follow the classic look of a formal newspaper so will feature minimal graphology. I will use my knowledge of semiotics and audience theory and incorporate it into the design product in order to show I understand how different signs, codes and conventions are used to receive a specific response from the audience and grab attention. I intend to also use my knowledge of Chomsky’s, Livingston and Lunt’s, and Laswell’s theories and ideology

– Chomsky – The 5 filters of the mass media machine: To produce money to cover the cost of production and distribution of Media through advertisement and sponsors.

–Livingston and Lunt – Regulation: Argument that the interests of citizens and those of consumers cannot be easily reconciled. This suggests that there is an increasing tendency in recent UK regulation policy to place the interests of consumers above those of citizens. 

–Laswell – Hypodermic model (passive consumption):  in which the SENDER is transferring a MESSAGE, through a MEDIUM (eg Print, radio, TV, etc) that has a direct effect on the RECEIVER. OR WHO, SAYS WHAT, THROUGH WHAT CHANNEL, TO WHOM, TO WHAT EFFECT. ————————————

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chomsky

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According to Chomsky “propaganda is to democracy what the bludgeon is to a totalitarian state,” and the mass media is the primary vehicle for delivering propaganda in the United States.

5 Filters

1.Structures of ownership

  • ‘Critical journalism takes second place’
  • Media companies own several others e.g. Daily mail, The I

2.The role of advertising

  • Effects consumers
  • Covers costs
  • You need advertisers to fill the cost gap
  • Audiences are sold to advertisers

3.Links with ‘The Establishment’

  • Companies are all linked e.g. government and news

4.Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’

  • Disposal of unwanted news e.g. negativity surrounding patriarchy

5.Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

  • Your enemies, enemy is your friend
  • Stereotyping
  • Blaming

Regulation

Key Words

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key word/theme/question


globalisation –

patriotism –

racial superiority –

military –

personal social values –

land –

right to abortion –

class differentiation –

key word/theme/questionDaily Mail (textual evidence)Daily Mail (institutional evidence)The I (textual evidence)The I (institutional evidence)
class differentiation
patriotismFront Cover – Headline– ‘Joyous Jubilee’ – support for royal family

P4 – ‘Our beacon of duty and service’ –
racial superiority
politics (conservative)P23 – Subhead– ‘Ousting PM…nothing less than insanity’ – This tells me the Daily Mail are favourable towards Boris Johnson. To be clear Johnson is PM of Conservative party which is authoritarian. Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mail’s editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s. (Support of fascism: 1930–1934)

Rothermere and the Mail were also editorially sympathetic to Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists.
Front cover ‘Johnson future turning toxic for Tories’ seems to be against Conservative / Boris JohnsonIn the 2017 and 2019 UK general elections, the i chose not to endorse a political party.

Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the i. His column usually features in the “My View” comment section of the paper.

During the referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either “leave” or “remain”, unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate.

militaryThe paper has been known for its independent editorial stance and coverage of foreign news, such as the Dreyfus affair in France (1894–1906) and the South African War (1899–1902).P17– ‘Britain send long-range arms for the first time’
personal social values
land
right to abortion

Daily Mail Facts

  • Published in London
  • Founded in 1896 by Alfred Harmsworth, later 1st Viscount Northcliffe and his brother Harold (later Viscount Rothermere)
  • The paper has been known for its independent editorial stance and coverage of foreign news, such as the Dreyfus affair in France (1894–1906) and the South African War (1899–1902).
  • A survey in 2014 found the average age of its readers was 58
  • It has a majority female readership, with women making up 52–55% of its readers.
  • Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mail’s editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s. (Support of fascism: 1930–1934)
  • Rothermere and the Mail were also editorially sympathetic to Oswald Mosley and the British Union of Fascists.

The I facts

  • The i is a British national morning paper published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust and distributed across the United Kingdom.
  • Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the i. His column usually features in the “My View” comment section of the paper.
  • During the referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either “leave” or “remain”, unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate.
  • In the 2017 and 2019 UK general elections, the i chose not to endorse a political party.
  • The paper is understood to be highly regarded by many journalists, especially the former employees of The Independent who had worked on the title. Since being named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2015 News Awards,[36] the i has also gone on to win and be shortlisted for numerous awards in the UK.
  • The i was also found in a 2018 poll to be the second-most trusted news brand in the UK after The Guardian.