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Structuralism

A subliminal set of structural rules inform myth production.

All stories told across the globe and throughout history employ a remarkably simple but stable formula.

Character oppositions: audience expect villains to battle heroes. Might centre on secondary characters, such as youth or maturity, strength or intelligence, masculinity or femininity. Can be found in real life too such as on newspapers to deploy stories in which criminals exploit victims.

Narrative oppositions: Transforming failure into success.

Stylist oppositions: They use juxtaposed stylist presentations.

Paul Gilroy Chapter in the Mark Dixon

racial otherness – Gilroy argues that the immigrant black community from the outset – constructing them as a racial ‘other’ in the predominantly white world of 1950’s Britain.

post – colonial melancholia – The publics association of these post war immigrants with substandard living conditions produced racial representation.

the story of UK race relations post W.W. 2 – Media stories regarding the black community , Gilroy suggests, intensified fears that immigrant communities might swamp white Britain.

Legacy of the Empire – He suggests that the empire, as such, represents more than the loss of sovereign power. Also a strain on the collective British identity. Empire immigrants and thier descendants, is argued to be visible representation of British power as it once was.

The Search for Albion – Albion England is nothing more than a distracting fantasy that disguises the reality of what Britain is really like – crippled by regional poverty and an ever-widening economic social divide.

Ghost Town info

Ska story: the sound of angry young England:

The main irony of the Specials’ songs, and in fact of the entire ska movement, was that lurking just beneath the “happy,” infectious dance beat were often chilling stories of the racial divisiveness and economic deprivation that characterized the dawning of the Thatcher era.

Reggae: the sound that revolutionised Britain:

The two looks represented the different worlds inhabited by young white and black Britain, worlds which a year previously had been remote from each other but which by the summer of 1977 were unexpectedly and often uncomfortably rubbing shoulders.

The Specials: How Ghost Town Defined an Era:

Released on 20 June 1981 against a backdrop of rising unemployment, its blend of melancholy, unease and menace took on an entirely new meaning when Britain’s streets erupted into rioting almost three weeks later – the day before Ghost Town reached number one in the charts.

Abigail Gardner Ghost Town: A Haunting 1981 Protest Song That Still Makes Sense Today:

Perhaps because “Ghost Town” cannot be “placed”. It’s not explicitly against any one event. It does not exhort its listeners into any one particular political view. It is not part of any one social movement for change. It is, rather, a stealth protest song.

Alexis Petridis (Guardian music journalist)

As Ghost Town reached number one, its lyrics were horribly borne out. “Can’t go on no more,” sang the Specials, “the people getting angry.” As if on cue, the worst mainland rioting of the century broke out in Britain’s cities and towns. For the first and only time, British pop music appeared to be commenting on the news as it happened.

Directed by the graphic designer Barney Bubbles:

Barney Bubbles defined the look of the British psychedelic movement of the ’60s, then seemed to recede from sight. He resurfaced a few years later, helping to establish the aesthetic of British punk, then did the same for post-punk. 

Binary:

Binary means 2 things that are opposite. For example, a male and a female in a film and show how different the characters are and how they play it. This is the form of narrative structure which is the low point of it. You could also suggest who has more power male or female and present how each character is preferred in the matter of binary talking.

Ghost Town CSP

Youth culture as Political Protest

Key concepts: culture resistance, cultural hegemony, and subcultural theory

context: race relations, thatcher’s Britain

case studies: rock against racism, rock against sexism, and 2 tone

The Idea of Resistance and Political Protest: the political, personal and cultural are always intertwined

Cultural Hegemony:

Antonio Gramsci » Tom Shakespeare


● Antonio Gramsci: Italian philosopher writing in the 1930s
Key Terms:
● Hegemonic: dominant, ruling-class, power-holders
● Hegemonic culture: the dominant culture
● Cultural hegemony: power, rule, or domination maintained by ideological and cultural means.
● Ideology: worldview – beliefs, assumptions and values
● Cultural hegemony functions by framing the ideologies of the dominant social group as the only legitimate
ideology.
● The ideologies of the dominant group are expressed and maintained through its economic, political, moral,
and social institutions (like the education system and the media).
● These institutions socialise people into accepting the norms, values and beliefs of the dominant social
group.
● As a result, oppressed groups believe that the social and economic conditions of society are natural and
inevitable, rather than created by the dominant group.

Subcultural Theory: The Birmingham School (1970s)
● In the 1970s, a group of cultural theorists in Birmingham applied Gramsici’s theories to post-war
British working-class youth culture.

First to realise the punks in the 1970’s and different groups in schools

Positives of The Birmingham School’s subcultural theory:
● Validated the study of popular culture – previously considered superficial

Race:
● Bringing race into the picture in the 1980s, Paul Gilroy
highlighted how black youth cultures represented
cultural solutions to collectively experienced problems
of racism and poverty.

After WW2, many Caribbean men and women migrated to Britain seeking jobs.
They were faced with racism and discrimination, and found it difficult to find
employment and housing.
● During the 1970s and 1980s, the children of these Caribbean immigrants were
reaching adulthood. They were subject to violence and discrimination from both
the state and far right groups. However, they more likely to resist the racism of
British society compared with their parents.

Margaret Thatcher:
● Prime Minister 1979-1990
● Militant campaigner for middle-class interests
● In an 1978 interview: ‘British national identity
could be swamped by people with different
culture’
● Hardline attitude towards immigrantion
● Conservative Manifesto: ‘firm immigration control
for the future is essential if we are to achieve
good community relations’
● British Nationality Act of 1981: introduced a
series of increasingly tough immigration
procedures and excluded Asian people from
entering Britain.

Black Music as Resistance:
● Black music offered a means of articulating oppression and of challenging
what Gilory has termed, ‘the capitalist system of racial exploitation and
domination’.
● The lyrics of many reggae songs revolve around the black experience black
history, black consciousness of economic and social deprivation, and a
continuing enslavement in a racist ideology.
● Reggae is often sung in Jamaican patois, emphasising a black subjectivity
that is independent from white hegemony

Rock Against Sexism was British anti-sexist campaign that
used punk as a vehicle to challenge sexism, promoting
female musicians while challenging discrimination in the
music industry between 1979 and 1982.

2 Tone
● 2 Tone was a genre of British popular music, that fused punk with Jamaican reggae and ska music.
● The name of the genre derives from 2 Tone Records, a record label founded in 1979 by Jerry Dammers of The Specials, and
articulates a desire to transcend Britain’s racial divides.
● The bands on the Two Tone label were largely multicultural, for example the Specials, the Selecter, Madness, the Beat and the
Bodysnatchers. This was the practical realisation of the anti-discriminatory ambitions of Rock Against Racism. While RAR
brought black and white musicians onto the same stage, Two-Tone brought black and white musicians into the same bands.
● 2 Tone bands came to prominence during Margaret Thatcher’s first term in office as PM. The songs addressed the political
issues of the day: racism, sexism, violence, unemployment, youth culture, and were highly critical of the police, and the
authoritarian government.
● Similar to punk’s susceptibility to right-wing interpretation, 2 Tone also attracted the attention of right-wing youth. 2 Tone
concerts were often inflated by members of the National Front or British Movement, disputing gigs and Sieg Heiling. The
contradictions of race were reproduced and at times amplified in the tense atmospheres characteristic of 2 Tone gigs.

Internal structure Statement of intent

I would like to create a poster of a film for the use of learning about internal structures. I would like my poster of the film to look very sinister and look very interesting so that it can attract the audience. I will do this by making it stand out by adding contrast to the poster as it will look more realistic. For my film there will be about 6 to 7 main characters who embark on a journey to stay alive. They are living in a house and are not allowed to escape or their will be consequences. My poster will have the advantage of the use of the setting and whereabouts if the characters are acting as the hero or the villain.

For my poster, I would like to create it with my own imagination and try to experiment with all sorts of techniques. This giving the impression of thinking of a more realistic storyline to not make it to complicated and being able to edit it easily. To make my poster interesting I will add a varies of different techniques such as having a rising action idea so that perhaps the storyline would be interesting with that.

My film is similar to the hunger games as the main point of my film is to survive and stay alive as long as possible, which is by completing tasks where you earn rewards. However, it is different from the hunger games as it won’t be set in a dystopian place but in a large house with a group of people. Another reason for being different than the hunger games is because they are not aloud to leave the house unless they would like to be a run far to survive, without being court. Their will also be a varies of tension if everyone from the house ends up leaving.

Key words

  1. Cultural industries  – Distributing cultural goods and services on industrial and commercial terms.
  2. Production The making of a video such as a commercial.
  3. Distribution promoting content to online audiences in multiple media formats through various channels.
  4. Exhibition / Consumption Retail branch of the film industry.
  5. Media concentration Examples, newspapers, magazines and tv and radio.
  6. Conglomerates a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises.
  7. Globalisation (in terms of media ownership) the worldwide integration of media through the cross cultural exchange of ideas.
  8. Cultural imperialism How an ideology or a way of life is exported from one country to another through movement of cultural goods.
  9. Vertical Integration When a media company owns different businesses in the same chain of production and distribution.
  10. Horizontal Integration a media company’s ownership of several businesses of the same value.
  11. Mergers one or more undertakings involved carries on a media business.
  12. Monopolies concentrated control of major mass communications within a society.
  13. Gatekeepers Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication.
  14. Regulation Mass media regulations are rules enforced by the jurisdiction of law
  15. Deregulation  the telecommunications industry pertains to relaxing ownership rules regarding such items as the number of stations a single television or radio owner can possess in a market and whether or not a single corporation can own a newspaper, or television and radio station in the same market
  16. Free market The free market is an economic system based on supply and demand with little or no government control.
  17. Commodification  – Commodification is the transformation of the shape of the relationship
  18. Convergence  – media convergence, phenomenon involving the interconnection of information and communications technologies, computer networks, and media content.
  19. Diversity   – Diversity in the media is, more than a matter of professional ethics, a matter of questioning that given power.
  20. Innovation   Media innovation can include change in several aspects of the media landscape – from the development of new media platforms, to new business models, to new ways of producing media texts.

vladimir propp

Propp arrived at the conclusion that folk tales drew from a highly stable list of characters whose roles and narrative functions he defined as follows:

The hero- two types, seeker hero and victim hero

The villain- fights the hero and must be defeated

The princess and the princess’s father- is the hero’s reward

The donor- provides the hero to help defeat the villain

The helper- usually accompanies the hero and helps them along the way

The dispatcher- sends the hero on their quest

The false hero- plays a large villainous role

Moving image NEA

Internal Structures

actorsbackstage crew
settingcamera equipment
stylistsscript
a storydirector
editorcinematographer
set designergreen screen
sound mixerboom mic
lightprops
protagonist antagonists
synopsisflashbacks
T – things you need to do a filmC – things you have to have to create a film
set, build, or goa storyline
stylistssynopsis
director
editor
props
sound track
lights

Key terminology

  1. Linear
  2. Chronological
  3. Sequential
  4. Circular structure
  5. Time based
  6. Narrative arc
  7. Freytag’s Pyramid
  8. exposition,
  9. inciting incident,
  10. rising action,
  11. climax,
  12. falling action,
  13. resolution,
  14. denouement 
  15. Beginning / middle / end
  16. Equilibrium
  17. Disruption
  18. New equilibrium
  19. Peripeteia
  20. Anagnoresis
  21. Catharsis
  22. The 3 Unities: Action, Time, Place
  23. flashback / flash forward
  24. Foreshadowing
  25. Ellipsis
  26. Pathos
  27. Empathy
  28. diegetic / non-diegetic
  29. slow motion

Task 2

An American girl moves to a British school because of her father’s new job. Once the new girl always the new girl. All of sudden all the attention goes to you. People talking behind your back, chattering about how you are different. Always getting picked on, well not for to long, what will happen when they find out that you were brought up by a family of thief’s, or will she hide it and brake in to their house. Will she change herself to fit in or will she continue to be who she truly is.

Task 3

the stage of equilibrium

the conflict that disrupts this initial equilibrium

the way / ways in which the disruption looks to find new equilibrium

the denouement and/or resolution that brings about a new equilibrium

the final part of a play, film, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved.

A drama is then divided into five parts, or acts, which some refer to as a dramatic arc: introduction, rise, climax, return or fall, and catastrophe. Freytag extends the five parts with three moments or crises: the exciting force, the tragic force, and the force of the final suspense. The exciting force leads to the rise, the tragic force leads to the return or fall, and the force of the final suspense leads to the catastrophe. Freytag considers the exciting force to be necessary but the tragic force and the force of the final suspense are optional. Together, they make the eight component parts of the drama.

Blinded by the light

72576 Blinded By The Light HD Wallpaper, - Mocah HD Wallpapers
A Teen-Ager Is Saved by the Music of Bruce Springsteen in “Blinded by the  Light” | The New Yorker
Blinded by the Light movie review (2019) | Roger Ebert

New line Cinema

New Line Productions, Inc., doing business as New Line Cinema, is an American film production studio and a label of the Warner Bros.

It was founded in 1967 by Robert Shaye as an independent film distribution company, later becoming a film studio. It was acquired by Turner Broadcasting System in 1994; Turner later merged with Time Warner (now Warner Media) in 1996, and New Line was merged with Warner Bros.

New Line Cinema was established in 1967 by the then 27-year-old Robert Shaye as a film distribution company, supplying foreign and art films for college campuses in the United States. 

In 1976, New Line secured funding to produce its first full-length feature, Stunts (1977), directed by Mark Lester. Although not considered a critical success, the film performed well commercially on the international market and on television.

In 1980, Shaye’s law school classmate Michael Lynne became outside counsel and adviser to the company and renegotiated its debt. In November 1990, New Line purchased a 52% stake in the television production company RHI Entertainment (now Sonar Entertainment), which would later be sold to Hallmark Cards in 1994.

The studio is the flagship producer of live-action feature films within the Warner Bros. 

Animated films produced by Warner Bros. Animation and the Warner Animation Group are also released under the studio banner.

Warner Bros. Pictures is currently one of five live-action film studios within the Warner Bros. Pictures Group, the others being New Line Cinema, DC Films, Castle Rock Entertainment, and the Spyglass Media Group. The final instalment of the Harry Potter film series is the studio’s highest-grossing film worldwide with $1.3 billion.

Founded in 1923 by brothers Harry Warner, Albert Warner, Sam Warner, and Jack L. Warner, in addition to producing its own films, it handles filmmaking operations, theatrical distribution, marketing and promotion for films produced and released by other Warner Bros.

Warner Media is a powerful portfolio of iconic entertainment, news and sports brands. We bring people, technology, and the world’s best storytellers together to drive culture and meaningful connection.