All posts by Daniel Mendonca

Filters

Author:
Category:
Uncategorized

Men’s health essay prep

Leave a comment

– Laura Mulvey: The Male Gaze – PAGE 148 is an example of the male gaze as a strategy to appeal to the male audience. Shows women in the background of the dominant signifier, the man who’s wearing the Givenchy aftershave.

– Lazarsfeld – two-step flow of communication model hypothesizes that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them, to a wider population

Page 6-7, use of the ‘Man of today’, an opinion leader used to sell a product (Hugo Boss aftershave) to the masses is a prime example of the 2 step model.

Gerbner – Cultivation Theory :

  • Introduced cultivation theory in the 1960’s
  • 2 main concepts:
  • 1. Media texts cultivate a heightened sense of fear in society (mean world syndrome)
  • 2. Media consumption leads audiences to accept mainstream ideologies (mainstreaming)

– WHO? The parent company, Hearst Communications UK, creators of the magazine specifically the main editor Morgan Rees
– SAYS WHAT? Men’s Health and how to become stronger and lose weight etc, various other messages also
– IN WHICH CHANNEL? Print, online, social media
– TO WHOM? The target audience of the magazine, younger impressional men, and magazine subscribers. Men specifically interested in health and exercise, active adventurous people. 70% of all Millennials and 69% of all Gen Z over the age of 18
– WITH WHAT EFFECT? Profit. Inspirational, perhaps aggressive.

4 Things to write about in essay + Theories to mention

  1. Institution – who owns it
  2. Examples of specific pages
  3. Language, how it’s laid up, representation
  4. Audiences –
  • 1. Owner: Hearst UK
  • 74% of the years circulation is physical print copies, whereas 26% is digital copies
Audience, Institution, Magazines, Mens Health, Semiotics

csp – magazine

Leave a comment

Semiotics: how images signify cultural meanings

The dominant signifier (the actor Vin Diesel) in the image is the man stood in the front of the magazine, he is dominating the page and is the anchorage which more directly relates to the masthead which illustrates the message of the magazine which is ‘Men’s Health’. The use of a famous actor as the dominant signifier is used as a method to sell more magazines as a way for the target audience to trust the message of the magazine greater. There is a large syntagm of indexical signs, phrases and subheadings all following a theme of unrealistic conventions of health and how to lose weight.

The use of the dominant colouring of blue followed by headings such as ‘Best fitness classes for men’ shows a clear male target audience. The media naturalises ideas through repetition meaning the repeated use of similar phrases and themes of fitness is obviously the focal point of the magazine.

When evaluating the magazine it can be assessed that it follows a reactionary view. This is because when the magazine was made (early 2017) there was a more shallow and elementary view on fitness so it illustrates a conventional view on health for the time. But when applying more modern views on fitness and health, it may be considered a negative radical field due to the statements such as ‘103 shortcuts to t-shirt arms’, this radical statement dehumanises men, constructing a fabricated view on the male body as a method of control within media and to comprehensively sell more products.

Constructed identity:

  • The goal of this media product, a men’s magazine, is to generate a profit. So depending on the audiences the magazines identity will change, it will bend and appeal to the majority as a method of control. It will create a narrative that is most appealing to them, in this case, a narrative of toxic masculinity and a basis of the ‘cool man’ to push their men’s health ideas.

Lasswell’s model of comms:

  • Active vs passive consumption’s
  • WHO? The parent company, Hearst Communications UK, creators of the magazine specifically the main editor Morgan Rees
  • SAYS WHAT? Men’s Health and how to become stronger and lose weight etc, various other messages also
  • IN WHICH CHANNEL? Print, online, social media
  • TO WHOM? The target audience of the magazine, younger impressional men, and magazine subscribers. Men specifically interested in health and exercise, active adventurous people. 70% of all Millennials and 69% of all Gen Z over the age of 18
  • WITH WHAT EFFECT? Profit. Inspirational, perhaps aggressive.

Lazarsfeld 2 step flow of comms:

  • Use of opinion leaders in media products help as a theme of control and reinforcement, such as in ‘Men’s Health’, there is a dominant signifier of Vin Diesel on the front, a famous actor who is used as a tool for promotion, using him to endorse their ideas and products, it opens up to the consumer and the general public as a method of active consumption.
  • Page 6-7, use of the ‘Man of today’, an opinion leader used to sell a product (Hugo Boss aftershave) to the masses is a prime example of the 2 step model.
This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is mens-health-contents-page.jpg
This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is mens-health-article.jpg

The school of life produced a video called ‘How To Be A Man’, while this is not an academic theory, it nevertheless presents 2 versions of masculinity, the ‘Warm Man’ and the ‘Cool Man’. It is possible to identify these 2 versions in Men’s Health, thus supporting Gauntlett’s notion of fluid, negotiated and constructive identity.

For example, on page 1, (the front cover) there is a dominant signifier which is an example of constructed reality, the ‘Cool Man’, he is edited and surrounded by a paradigm of phrases and headings labelling items on how to become a ‘real man’ essentially. In reality, it does not matter what you do, these things do not make you more or less of a man, therefore supporting ideas of Gauntlett of constructed reality.

Statistics on Men’s Health Magazine: January to December 2021 and other statistics

89,811
CIRCULATION
(AVERAGE PER ISSUE)

  • Owner: Hearst UK
  • 74% of the years circulation is physical print copies, whereas 26% is digital copies.
  • Basic cover price = £4.50
  • UK annual subscription rate = £36.99
  • 10 made per year usually
  • On average, 5% of all Paid Single Copies during the period were multipacked with ‘Runner’s World’
  • Private limited company, meaning shares can not be bought on the stock market
  • Hearst owns newspapers, magazines, television channels, and television stations, including the San Francisco Chronicle, the Houston Chronicle, Cosmopolitan and Esquire.
  • Hearst UK reveals plunging revenue and £13.4m loss in Covid-hit 2020
  • Despite an 18% drop in revenue to £115.9m, the company  managed costs without using the Government’s job retention scheme, increasing its gross margin from 45% to 46%.
  • This year (after the 2020 results period) it made up to a fifth of its staff redundant, closed Town & Country UK magazine and sold the Net Doctor website.

PAID MULTIPLE COPIES:

  • Airports / airlines / international rail = 42
  • Trains / other travel points = 4
  • Leisure centres / club = 28
  • Hotels = 213 – Majority of the multiple copies payables is by hotels

Audience:

Has an audience of more than 165 million readers and site visitors, direct engagement with 70% of all Millennials and 69% of all Gen Z over the age of 18

Women’s Health Magazine:

  • Owned also by Hearst UK
  • Shows a reactionary view on women, the magazines covers have women with less clothing on compared to the men’s magazine it seems.
  • 1.6 million. social media followers

Market:

  • MARKET SHARE: 5.07% – They are not the dominating force of major magazine publishers based on combined annual circulation of consumer titles in the United Kingdom as of January 2020
  • Bauer Media is the leading force in the market with a market share of 27.7%, much larger than Hearst UK

– Laura Mulvey: The Male Gaze

– Lazarsfeld – two-step flow of communication model hypothesizes that ideas flow from mass media to opinion leaders, and from them, to a wider population

Page 6-7, use of the ‘Man of today’, an opinion leader used to sell a product (Hugo Boss aftershave) to the masses is a prime example of the 2 step model.

– WHO? The parent company, Hearst Communications UK, creators of the magazine specifically the main editor Morgan Rees
– SAYS WHAT? Men’s Health and how to become stronger and lose weight etc, various other messages also
– IN WHICH CHANNEL? Print, online, social media
– TO WHOM? The target audience of the magazine, younger impressional men, and magazine subscribers. Men specifically interested in health and exercise, active adventurous people. 70% of all Millennials and 69% of all Gen Z over the age of 18
– WITH WHAT EFFECT? Profit. Inspirational, perhaps aggressive.

4 Things to write about in essay + Theories to mention

  1. Institution – who owns it
  2. Examples of specific pages
  3. Language, how it’s laid up, representation
  4. Audiences
  • 1. Owner: Hearst UK
  • 74% of the years circulation is physical print copies, whereas 26% is digital copies
Uncategorized

csp Revision

Leave a comment

2023-Alevel-Media-Studies-Close-Study-Products-v1.5-1

Command words

  • Describe: Depict something based on its key features
  • Compare: To base something and relate it to another item and evaluate different key features from each, can be similar or similar
  • Evaluate: To assess the whole idea, decide and discuss overall the idea
  • Analyse: Discuss all features and ideas and generate a thesis or idea from it
  • Knowledge:
  • Understanding:
Pages: 1 2
NEA

a level course work nea

Leave a comment

Statement of Intent

For my production I am going to create a newspaper that will be based on various style models and follow a sleek and modern design that should be easy and enjoyable to please its target audience. The story that the production is going to follow will be based on a popular world issue of climate change. I will also create 3 posters that will relate to the newspaper production.

I will investigate what it takes to produce a professional newspaper and how they are set up to entice readers. I will research climate change to generate a believable and respectable report for the content of the newspaper product.

The newspaper’s audience are people of all ages living in the region who are interested in national and international news stories as well as stories relating specifically to the local area. I am going to replicate modern newspapers and their structure and make a newspaper named ‘Jersey National Report’ shorted into an acronym of just ‘J’ to sit alongside the side of the paper. This anchor will be dominant and professional.

In evaluation, I know that current battles for climate change is an ongoing issue globally as well as locally in Jersey and specifically in the UK, this will make it broader and easier to generate information for my newspaper and will be relevant. This will also make it easier to generate an original photo due to the very broad nature of the subject. I’m going to research current issues on climate change and how locally, climate change is affecting Jersey, such as the high levels of lung cancer increasing due to the much larger volumes of granite in Jersey compared to the UK. I may take a photo of the sea wall, beach or just the general landscape, then explaining how there has been weather change due to the nature of climate change. I might also be able to discuss ideas of theorist Noam Chomsky and how current reports of climate change may not be accurate and is creating an ideological world which support money making motives. The newspaper will help enable political discussion and civic involvement. The information provided in the newspaper may also be mostly fictional but will contain stats that will be realistic to real world issues. The newspaper may also target false hegemony and ideologies as a tool to prove that the issue is undervalued.

The flyers will raise awareness of climate change and will be distributed to students in sixth forms and colleges, meaning it will be a target audience of students and younger audiences, perhaps being different to the newspaper which has an intent to appeal to all ages as an intent for freedom of information on important world issues.

In terms of layout and design, I am going to follow the style model of our CSP (The i). This has a main image (half page) with two ‘plugs’ or ‘ears’ which are stories that are to be continued later into the paper, these are not to be as relevant as the main page but will maintain its contemporary and stylish look. I may also include a dominant and stylish masthead that will maintain the professional look of the paper. I will also continue to maintain a professional look to the rest of the paper by keeping a house style of my choosing and not use too many different fonts or styles to keep this look.

I will create a newspaper front cover using Adobe InDesign as well as a double page spread that continues the story that features local news for Jersey that also relates to national and international – world – issues. I may also use photoshop to create certain detailed elements that will relate to the style of the newspaper cover.

Front cover:

Double page spread:

Flyer 1:

Flyer 2:

Flyer 3

Journalism, NEA, Newspapers

newspaper nea soi

Leave a comment

The newspaper’s audience are people of all ages living in the region who are interested in national and international news stories as well as stories relating specifically to the local area.

In evaluation, I’m going to research current issues on climate change and how locally climate change in affecting Jersey, such as the high levels of lung cancer increasing due to the much larger volumes of granite in Jersey compared to the UK. I may take a photo of the sea wall or beach which can generally and easily relate to the main idea which is climate change. I might also be able to discuss ideas of theorist Noam Chomsky and how current reports of climate change may not be accurate and is creating an ideological world which support money making motives. The newspaper will help enable political discussion and civic involvement.

In terms of layout and design, I am going to follow the style model of our CSP (The i). This has a main image (half page) with two ‘plugs’ or ‘ears which are stories that are to be continued later into the paper, these are not to be as relevant as the main page but will maintain its contemporary and stylish look.

I want to create a newspaper front cover using Adobe InDesign that features local news for jersey that also relates to national and international – world – issues. I may also use photoshop to create certain detailed elements that will relate to the style of the newspaper cover.

Body:

Main header : Will current climate change issues effect our futures?

Human activity is the main cause of climate change. How can we locally prevent uses of fossil fuels to help prevent global warming and climate change? Alex Matthews investigates

Latest reports from a well respected university professor of ethics in London says that ‘Climate change is the defining problem of our time and we are at a defining moment and in dire need of revolution’

A devastating current world issue that faces people everyday is being forsaken, recent studies on climate change show that temperature levels are actively and constantly rising and are effecting all world’s climates. Specifically, in Jersey these temperature levels are effecting the work rate of Jersey employee’s and is causing workers to quit work that are based on working outside. Also, looking deeper into ideas on effective change and how to fix this world epidemic , but specifically in Jersey in this case, there has been recent voting’s being held in Jersey and looking at certain portfolios of some of the candidates, some of them seem to have an idea on how to solve climate change issues locally and how we can help prevent recent increases of fossil fuels accordingly.

Essays, Newspapers

Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs. To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world?

Leave a comment

All products and services have a purpose, if it is to entertain or educate, they all have a reason to provide a function to people. Newspapers have a primary purpose to inform, but how can there be different newspapers if they all serve the the same function? The difference is, is that each newspaper supports different ideologies and uphold different values and beliefs of the world, there is no way everyone in the world can hold the exact same values and beliefs, which is why multiple different newspapers all around the world serves a reasonable value. Habermas says that there is an arena of public debate as in form of a public sphere, when applying these ideas, newspapers have an important obligation to inform with veracity. The issue with this is that with modern regulations, entire and vastly different views from person to person, in their own private spheres, modern newspapers lose their “bite as a watchdog” as said by Haberman and will bend to the “service of the state”. When looking at Noam Chomsky’s filters of the mass media machine, it is said that mass media companies and firms as parts of even bigger conglomerates, have a sole function for profit. It’s in their interest to push what ever increases that profit. This is relevant because knowing that the Daily Mail owns The i, they try to reach as vast audiences as possible to sell as many newspapers as possible. The more newspapers that become a part of the Daily Mail, DMG Media, General Trust conglomerate, the larger the public sphere becomes and the larger control they have on public views and ideas, controlling their ideologies of the world. The Daily Mail is the United Kingdom’s second biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun and to maintain this status they target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world, this is done by having a priority for entertainment over news on their news website and also their newspapers, but also reporting on news that suit their traditionally right-wing tabloid, conservative party views, proven by the quote on a recent issue that the ‘Comment’ ie the editorial or voice of the paper says ‘Only Starmer gains from this clueless plot’ – ie Labour will gain from Conservative divisions over Boris Johnson, showing their views on Conservative party clearly and steering their audiences into their own philosophies and ideologies of country issues.

Noam Chomsky believes that there are five filters to the mass media machine, like mentioned before it is believed that mass media companies and firms are parts of even bigger conglomerates and have a sole function for profit. But also there are other ideas supplied by Chomsky that are relevant. The main reason for a business to function is for profit, it’s every businesses main function, so when looking at advertising we can see these advertisers as a tool for the big conglomerates to use, these advertisers are paying for audiences for the businesses to use. When then using these tools, it has to suit the ideas of the ‘media elite’ who make themselves crucial to the process of advertising. They are used as an authoritative power, you cannot challenge power. A way in which media is controlled and controlled specifically in newspapers and journalism is through what’s called the ‘flak machine’ which discredits, distorts challenges and undermines stories which oppose the ideas media products intent to construct for the world.

When looking at the Daily Mail, published by DMG Media and owned by DMG Media, Daily Mail and General Trust we can apply these ideas as a notion that media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world. A morning daily newspaper published in London, long noted for its foreign reporting, it was one of the first British papers to popularize its coverage to appeal to a mass readership and in current world issues it still does so, on page 18 there is a piece on the war happening between Russia and Ukraine and supports ideas of justified use of military against Russia, so it can concur that the Daily Mail supports the use of mass military against certain other nations when believed to be justified. Generally an idea of ‘The common enemy’ supplied by Noam Chomsky can be applied here, it is a current world issue that is being crowed by mass media coverage, each supporting different ideas and opinions on the situation, so The Daily Mail is helping to create a public opinion that supports their views specifically as a method to control the masses and create their ideal ideological view on the world. Also looking further into the target audience for the Daily Mail it seen to be that women make up 52–55% of its readers and are lower-middle-class British women and were the first newspaper in the UK to write articles targeted at women. Since their audience mainly consists of women there goal is to appeal to this audience as much as possible to maximise profits. But generally only ever as a goal to apply ideas that best suits their views, such as the term “suffragette” being first used in 1906, as a term of derision by the journalist Charles E. Hands in the Mail to describe activists in the movement for women’s suffrage. Also there is a general fusion of entertainment and news / information in the current papers. Page 9 shows a picture story of Prince Louis and his mother in a comedic manner as the 4 year old misbehaves (not relevant but is still in as its own page – shows patriotic values of the daily mail – right side, more authoritarian). Also on page 13 it Shows a fictional character beside the queen as in an entertainment aspect, promoting the Paddington film. Ideas of patriotism and nationalism is largely predominant in The Daily Mail, using a handful of Roland Barthes theory on semiotic signs and showing indexical signs such as the front page containing ‘Joyous Jubilee’, supporting Royal Family as well as a header above many pages “Our platinum queen” – use of ‘our’ shows a support for the queen and shows patriotism. Moreover, on page 10 there is a heading saying ‘how the nation came together’, suggesting national harmony – we are all together, which is done as an objective to make the nation look perfect and shroud current issues in the country, they try to serve an ideological view of the world to the readers about patriotism exclaiming how great the event was in order to control opposing persons and ideas.

However in The i, it has a different structure and can support different ideas to The Daily Mail. In the front cover it reads ‘Johnson future turning toxic for Tories’, the paper seems to be against Conservative / Boris Johnson, which when related to The Daily Mail is interesting as even though they are owned by the same conglomerate, they support different idea on politics and world issues. This is done as a method to support as many ideas as possible which people may have in order to generate the most profit possible, this paper supports peoples opposing views on the Conservative party. In this paper there is not a voice of an editor, but an ‘Opinion Matrix’ instead having a range of different voices and opinion, having so much more freedom and plurality, in voice and thought as apposed to the Daily Mail and has space for many views and different stories in a more fair and libertarian way compared to the Daily Mail’s more authoritarian techniques of construction. Also the main page and anchorage master header ‘i’ is interesting as it can be seen to reflect the views and the structure of the newspaper. Can be viewed as a personal pronounal address as an effect to illustrate its more modern values and goals to be a greater newspaper for everyone. Page 20 shows political views against the more authoritarian views of certain parties. “How long before Priti Patel makes it illegal for people to boo someone who they find offensive?” “… showing the Prime Minister as a bumbling spinner of lies.” – The i allows all different ideas and views on its ‘Opinion Matrix’ sections.
“Speaking truth to power” – title – “Thank you to Michael Day for saying what needed to be said about the oppressive Israeli state”. The i has different and more fair views on issues, supporting more than one idea like The Daily Mail seems to do. The front page also contains a heading ‘The new Firm’ which seems to be slightly critical of Royal Family which is vastly different to the patriotic ideas the Daily Mail supplies.

Overall, the use of the Daily Mail and The i, both owned by the same conglomerate is done as a tool to target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world and reach and appeal to as many people as possible as a main function to generate the most profit as possible supporting Noam Chomsky’s ideas on ownership like mentioned earlier.

Journalism, Newspapers, Notes, Research, Theory

noam chomsky

Leave a comment

So how does this process of ‘manipulation’ or ‘persuasion’ work?

1.Structures of ownership

  • Maybe there is only a few select amount of companies
  • “The first has to do with ownership. Mass media firms are big corporations. Often, they are part of even bigger conglomerates. Their end game? Profit. And so it’s in their interests to push for whatever guarantees that profit. Naturally, critical journalism must take second place to the needs and interests of the corporation.”

2.The role of advertising

  • The propaganda model is a conceptual model in political economy advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky to explain how propaganda and systemic biases function in corporate mass media.

3.Links with ‘The Establishment’

  • Links with higher power
  • (THE MEDIA ELITE)
  • The establishment manages the media through the third filter. Journalism cannot be a check on power because the very system encourages complicity. Governments, corporations, big institutions know how to play the media game. They know how to influence the news narrative. They feed media scoops, official accounts, interviews with the ‘experts’. They make themselves crucial to the process of journalism. So, those in power and those who report on them are in bed with each other.

4.Diversionary tactics – ‘flak’

  • Diverse someone’s attention to something else
  • “If you want to challenge power, you’ll be pushed to the margins. When the media – journalists, whistleblowers, sources – stray away from the consensus, they get ‘flak’. This is the fourth filter. When the story is inconvenient for the powers that be, you’ll see the flak machine in action discrediting sources, trashing stories and diverting the conversation.”

5.Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

  • To manufacture consent, you need an enemy — a target. That common enemy is the fifth filter. Communism. Terrorists. Immigrants. A common enemy, a bogeyman to fear, helps corral public opinion.

Noam Chomsky describes himself as an anarcho-syndicalist and libertarian socialist, and is considered to be a key intellectual figure within the left wing of politics of the United States.

Chomsky rose to national attention for his anti-war essay “The Responsibility of Intellectuals“. Becoming associated with the New Left, he was arrested multiple times for his activism and placed on President Richard Nixon‘s Enemies List

What is the manufacturing consent theory?

It argues that the mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”, by means of the propaganda model of communication …

The 5 Filters of Mass Media Machine

The five filters are:

(1) ownership; (2) advertising; (3) official sources; (4) flak; and (5) marginalizing dissent.

The author discusses the applicability of Herman’s and Chomsky’s propaganda model today.

  1. Ownership: Mass media companies and firms as parts of even bigger conglomerates, as a sole function for profit. In their interest to push what ever increases that profit.
  2. Advertising money: Advertisers are paying for audiences. So their role is to be at the use of mass media conglomerates as a tool to increase profits.
  3. The media Elite: Make themselves crucial to the process of advertising. They are used as a tool to help the processes of media consumption. You cannot challenge power.
  4. Flak machine: discrediting, distorting, challenging and undermining stories.
  5. The common enemy: Helps crowd public opinion, points the finger at the common enemy as a tactic to control the masses.

AGENDA SETTING

FRAMING

MYTH MAKING

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

Essays, Exam Prep, Newspapers, Research

Habermas and the Transformation of the Public Sphere

Leave a comment

you will need to include this in your essay, as it provides a framework for why we have newspapers, what is the point and purpose of them – the idea of a democratic society enabled by news, information, ideas and debate.

It is argued that “a public space between the private domain and the state in which public opionion was formed and ‘popular’ supervision of government was established” 

(p. 82: 1996)

The public sphere is a realm of communication and is the reality of the world vs private realm.

  • Habermas argues that the development of early modern capitalism brought into being an autonomous arena of public debate.
  • arena of public debate
  • …the critical reflection fostered by letters and novels, the flowering of discussion in coffee houses and salons and, above all, the emergence of an independent, market-based press.
  • a new public engaged in critical political discussion
  • …was restricted to the propertied class (i.e., the class of the owners)
Essays, Exam Prep, Newspapers

newspaper exam prep

Leave a comment

Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs. To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world?
You should refer to your newspaper Close Study Products, The i and The Daily Mail.

First paragraph basis: The purpose of papers is to inform us. Discussion

  • One the media becomes subject to public regulation, it will lose its bite as a watchdog and may even be transformed into a snarling Rottweiler in the service of the state
  • Habermas argues that the development of early modern capitalism brought into being an autonomous arena of public debate.
  • arena of public debate
  • …the critical reflection fostered by letters and novels, the flowering of discussion in coffee houses and salons and, above all, the emergence of an independent, market-based press.
  • a new public engaged in critical political discussion
  • …was restricted to the propertied class (i.e., the class of the owners)

Some Quotes from both Newspapers:

Daily mail – right-wing:
Page 18: Boris Johnson is by a country mile the best person to lead the Tory Government.
Page 2: “Tory rebels ‘are plotting course to catastrophe’.

The I – Left-wing:
Page 20: “Thank you for saying what needed to be said about the isralian state”
Page 20: “How long before Priti Patek makes it illegal to boo at someone we find offensive?”
Nick clegg, a deputy prime minister (libertarian) sided and said he is a reader of ‘The I’
Didn’t side with a political party in the 2017 and 2019 election.

Habermas and the public sphere:

Starting para:

All products and services have a purpose, if it is to entertain or educate, they all have a reason to provide a function to people. Newspapers have a primary purpose to inform, but how can there be different newspapers if they all serve the the same function? The difference is, is that each newspaper supports different ideologies and uphold different values and beliefs of the world, there is no way everyone in the world can hold the exact same values and beliefs, which is why multiple different newspapers all around the world serves a reasonable value. Habermas says that there is an arena of public debate as in form of a public sphere, when applying these ideas, newspapers have an important obligation to inform with veracity. The issue with this is that with modern regulations, entire and vastly different views from person to person, in their own private spheres, modern newspapers lose their “bite as a watchdog” as said by Haberman and will bend to the “service of the state”. When looking at Noam Chomsky’s filters of the mass media machine, it is said that mass media companies and firms as parts of even bigger conglomerates, have a sole function for profit. It’s in their interest to push what ever increases that profit. This is relevant because knowing that the Daily Mail owns The i, they try to reach as vast audiences as possible to sell as many newspapers as possible. The more newspapers that become a part of the Daily Mail, DMG Media, General Trust conglomerate, the larger the public sphere becomes and the larger control they have on public views and ideas, controlling their ideologies of the world. The Daily Mail is the United Kingdom’s second biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun and to maintain this status they target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world, this is done by having a priority for entertainment over news on their news website and also their newspapers, but also reporting on news that suit their traditionally right-wing tabloid, conservative party views, proven by the quote on a recent issue that the ‘Comment’ ie the editorial or voice of the paper says ‘Only Starmer gains from this clueless plot’ – ie Labour will gain from Conservative divisions over Boris Johnson, showing their views on Conservative party clearly and steering their audiences into their own philosophies and ideologies of country issues.

Facts about the Daily Mail

  1. Publisher: DMG Media
  2. First issue date: 1896
  3. Owner: DMG Media, Daily Mail and General Trust
  4. Editor: Paul Dacre, Stewart Steven, R. D. Blumenfeld, W. G. Fish, Tom Clarke
  5.  It is the United Kingdom’s second biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun.
  6. Morning daily newspaper published in London, long noted for its foreign reporting, it was one of the first British papers to popularize its coverage to appeal to a mass readership.
  7. The Daily Mail’s main target audience is lower-middle-class British women. It was the first newspaper in the UK to write articles targeted at women.
  8. Support of fascism: 1930–1934
  9. Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mail’s editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s
  10. As a right-wing tabloid, the Mail is traditionally a supporter of the Conservative Party. It has endorsed the party in every UK general election since 1945, with the one exception of the October 1974 UK general election, where it endorsed a Liberal and Conservative coalition.
  11. Priority of entertainment over news

Facts about The i

  1. Owner: Daily Mail and General Trust
  2. Editor: Oliver Duff
  3. Founded: 26 October 2010
  4. Headquarters: Northcliffe House; London, England, UK
  5.  It is aimed at “readers and lapsed readers” of all ages and commuters with limited time
  6.  Published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust
    11
  7. During an interview for the i in December 2017, then Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the i, saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty’s Opposition
Libertarians:

Seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state’s violation of individual liberties; emphasizing free association, freedom of choice, individualism and voluntary association.

Libertarianism – Libertarians seek freedom away from regulation and the government. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state’s violation of individual liberties; emphasizing free association, freedom of choice, individualism and voluntary association – Wikipedia

THREE TYPES OF MEDIA OWNERSHIP

  • Capitalist Media
    corporations content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning-making.
  • Public service media
    state-related institutions
    Content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning-making.
  • Civil society media
    Citizen-control

The 5 Filters of Mass Media Machine

The five filters are:

(1) ownership; (2) advertising; (3) official sources; (4) flak; and (5) marginalizing dissent.

The author discusses the applicability of Herman’s and Chomsky’s propaganda model today.

  1. Ownership: Mass media companies and firms as parts of even bigger conglomerates, as a sole function for profit. In their interest to push what ever increases that profit.
  2. Advertising money: Advertisers are paying for audiences. So their role is to be at the use of mass media conglomerates as a tool to increase profits.
  3. The media Elite: Make themselves crucial to the process of advertising. They are used as a tool to help the processes of media consumption. You cannot challenge power.
  4. Flak machine: discrediting, distorting, challenging and undermining stories.
  5. The common enemy: Helps crowd public opinion, points the finger at the common enemy as a tactic to control the masses.

Notes, Representation, Research

political compass

Leave a comment

Right wing vs Left wing

Libertarian vs Authoritarian

Key Themes and Ideas:

Globalisation

Business over humans (economy over public health)

A country’s economic stability > Individual unemployment issues (A country’s wellbeing over individual wellbeing)

Patriotism (A blind support of my country)

Racial superiority

Class Differentiation

Militarism and justification of military use

The fusion of entertainment and information

Protectionism and government regulation

Freedom of people

Restriction of immigration

Religion

Charity

Social security

Views on schooling

Older values

Newspapers

Key word / theme / question etcDaily Mail (Textual evidence)Daily Mail (Institutional evidence) The i (Textual evidence)The i (Institutional evidence)
Views on Conservative partyp18 is the ‘Comment’ ie the editorial or voice of the paper ‘Only Starmer gains from this clueless plot’ – ie Labour will gain from Conservative divisions over Boris Johnson

As a right-wing tabloid, the Mail is traditionally a supporter of the Conservative Party. It has endorsed the party in every UK general election since 1945, with the one exception of the October 1974 UK general election, where it endorsed a Liberal and Conservative coalition.Front cover ‘Johnson future turning toxic for Tories’ seems to be against Conservative / Boris Johnson
Business over humansPage 16 – Shows an advertisement of a world issue, but is a focus on charity over business. Can be seen as both business and humanity based. Published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust
GlobalisationThe Daily Mail officially entered the Irish market with the launch of a local version of the paper on 6 February 2006; free copies of the paper were distributed on that day in some locations to publicise the launchThe i was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015 in the 2015 News Awards.

At the 2019 British Media Awards, the i won Gold in the Media Brand of the Year category, Silver for the Digital Product of the Year, and Bronze in the Print Product of the Year category.
PatriotismFront page ‘Joyous Jubilee’ – supporting Royal Family

Header above many pages “Our platinum queen” – use of our shows a support for the queen and shows patriotism 		Front page ‘The new Firm’ slightly critical of Royal Family
Racial superiority
Feminism/ Females
women making up 52–55% of its readers
The term “suffragette” was first used in 1906, as a term of derision by the journalist Charles E. Hands in the Mail to describe activists in the movement for women’s suffrage

The Daily Mail’s main target audience is lower-middle-class British women. It was the first newspaper in the UK to write articles targeted at women.
Nationalismpage 10 ‘how the nation came together’ suggest national harmony – we are all together.
Militarism (use of military)Page 18 – Justified use of military against Russia
Authoritarian / LibertarianStill uses an Editorial ie the voice of one over many? Does not have voice of editor, but an ‘Opinion Matrix’ instead ie a range of different voices and opinion – so much more freedom and plurality, in voice and thought?
Has space for many views and different stories in a more fair and libertarian way

Also the main page and master header ‘i’ is interesting as it can be seen to reflect the views and the structure of the newspaper. Can be viewed as a personal pronounal address as an effect to illustrate its more modern values and goals to be a greater newspaper for everyone.

Page 20 – Shows political views against the more authoritarian views of certain parties. “How long before Priti Patel makes it illegal for people to boo someone who they find offensive?” “… showing the Prime Minister as a bumbling spinner of lies.” – The i allows all different ideas and views on its ‘Opinion Matrix’ sections.
“Speaking truth to power” – title – “Thank you to Michael Day for saying what needed to be said about the oppressive Israeli state”
the fusion of entertainment and news / informationPage 9 – Shows a picture story of Prince Louis and his mother in a comedic manner as the 4 year old misbehaves (not relevant but is still in as its own page – shows patriotic values of the daily mail – right side, more authoritarian)

Page 13 – Shows a fictional character beside the queen as in an entertainment aspect, promoting the Paddington film

Facts about the Daily Mail

  1. Publisher: DMG Media
  2. First issue date: 1896
  3. Owner: DMG Media, Daily Mail and General Trust
  4. Editor: Paul Dacre, Stewart Steven, R. D. Blumenfeld, W. G. Fish, Tom Clarke
  5.  It is the United Kingdom’s second biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun.
  6. Morning daily newspaper published in London, long noted for its foreign reporting, it was one of the first British papers to popularize its coverage to appeal to a mass readership.
  7. The Daily Mail’s main target audience is lower-middle-class British women. It was the first newspaper in the UK to write articles targeted at women.
  8. Support of fascism: 1930–1934
  9. Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mail’s editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s
  10. On 5 May 1946, the Daily Mail celebrated its Golden Jubilee. Winston Churchill was the chief guest at the banquet and toasted it with a speech.
  11. As a right-wing tabloid, the Mail is traditionally a supporter of the Conservative Party. It has endorsed the party in every UK general election since 1945, with the one exception of the October 1974 UK general election, where it endorsed a Liberal and Conservative coalition.

Facts about The i

  1. Owner: Daily Mail and General Trust
  2. Editor: Oliver Duff
  3. Founded: 26 October 2010
  4. Headquarters: Northcliffe House; London, England, UK
  5.  It is aimed at “readers and lapsed readers” of all ages and commuters with limited time
  6.  Published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust
  7. The i was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015 in the 2015 News Awards.
  8. The paper had an average daily circulation of 302,757 in March 2013, significantly more than The Independent, though that figure has since continued to decline, and had dropped to 233,869 by February 2019.

9. Editors

  • Simon Kelner (2010)
  • Stefano Hatfield (2011)
  • Oliver Duff (2013)

10. At the 2019 British Media Awards, the i won Gold in the Media Brand of the Year category, Silver for the Digital Product of the Year, and Bronze in the Print Product of the Year category.

11. During an interview for the i in December 2017, then Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the i, saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty’s Opposition