https://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675022243_George-Orson-Welles_War-of-the-Worlds_future-broadcasts_journalists-interviewing
All posts by Dylan M
Filters
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING
Broadcasting is to a mass audience
Narrowcasting is to a niche audience
10 things for quality broadcasting
Professional:
Sound Design,
mise-en-scene,
cinematography
editing
A decent budget in order to use quality equipment
Character development and depth
A well-rounded narrative which will captivate viewers
Professional writing, unpredictable
Frankfurt school – we must use our free time to help develop ourselves and not do what we want to as it is manipulating our minds and hiding the truths of the world
The Royal Charter
The Royal Charter is the constitutional basis for the BBC. It sets out the BBC’s Object, Mission and Public Purposes. The Charter also outlines the Corporation’s governance and regulatory arrangements, including the role and composition of the BBC Board.
The current Charter began on 1 January 2017 and ends on 31 December 2027.
The Government will carry out a mid-term review of the Charter, focussing on governance and regulatory arrangements. This review is not a full Charter Review and so will not look at the BBC’s mission, purpose or the method by which it is funded.
The Agreement
The Agreement between the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and the BBC sits alongside the Charter. It provides further detail on many of the topics outlined in the Charter including the BBC’s funding and its regulatory duties.
The Agreement runs coterminous to the Charter but can be amended during the Charter period subject to the agreement of the Secretary of State and the BBC.
Ethos
The public service ethos of the BBC is to inform, entertain and educate
Populism is a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.
Paternalism is the policy or practice on the part of people in authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to or otherwise dependent on them in their supposed interest.
James curran theory – this theory argues that patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate which storngly relates to how the bbc is run and operated
lunt and livingstone think the needs of a citizen are in conflict with the needs of the consumer, because protection can limit freedom which could relate to the bbc ethos as they control what what the viewr watches
lord reith’s founding principles of the bbc (the ethos) are still used today
Lord Reith and early days of BBC 10:41 – 13:05
lord reith’s founding principles of the bbc (the ethos) are still used today
The start of BBC Television 14:00 – 16:00 Grace Wyndham-Goldie changing nature of modern communication, essentially by transforming time and space. through television being able to see soemthing very far away just as it happens
- The fear of new technology 16:00 – 16:30 what are the fears around new technologies?
- The centre of everything 18:40 – 19:58 – is that still the case now?
the bbc is like social cement
How did the bbc transform the public sphere through changing peoples perceptions on what they could become when they heard people like the king on radio that they would of never heard before
revison
mens health 5 step
1. who (sender) – Hearst communications Richord Dorman
2. says what (message) – give men control over physical mental and emotional lives
3. channel (medium) – print magazine, website, socials
4. to whom (receiver) –
Csp recap
Command word
Command word
describe– describe is saying what you see and know
compare– finding differences and similarities between 2 things
evaluate– using the information given explain what is going on
analyse– look into something in detail in order to describe what is going on
Knowledge– knowing what it means
understanding– having a deeper understanding how something really works
| what do i know | What do i understand what does it mean | |
| Noam Chomsky | 5 filters of media | |
| James Curran | ||
| semiotics | ||
| what do i know | What do i understand what does it mean | |
| Noam Chomsky | 5 filters of media | Chomsky’s theory can be applied to the rules and regulations of newspaper’s and how they tell us what they want us to hear controlling the masses through bias news |
| James Curran | power and media industries theory. | arguing that patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate. Theoretically media studies and cultural studies are a study conducted to observe the patterns of cultural change in society that is influenced by the media in which the media takes an important role in the new forms of culture construction. |
| jurgan habermaus | he wrote a book The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere in 1962 where he explained his public sphere theory | Habermaas’s theory is that the world is increasingly being taken over by political and economic systems. the public sphere is the world of politics where strangers come together to engage in the free exchange of ideas, and is open to everyone, whereas the private sphere is a smaller, typically enclosed world that is only open to those who have permission to enter it The ideology of the public sphere theory is that the government’s laws and policies should be steered by the public sphere and that the only legitimate governments are those that listen to the public sphere. |
| semiotics | ||
| representation | ||
| post colonialism | ||
| narrative theories | Narrative theory starts from the assumption that narrative is a basic human strategy for coming to terms with fundamental elements of our experience, such as time, process, and change, and it proceeds from this assumption to study the distinctive nature of narrative and its various structures | The idea that a story has two parts which are the important parts and the Kernels (something that grows): Important part(s). The key parts of the film that make up the plot/narrative structure. If taken out the story or narrative would not work. |
| genre | Thomas Schatz: Only 2 Genres | Neale explains that Genre is a collection of structured repertoire of elements in which signify that a genre is a genre. For example a typically horror movie will have a dark forest, moody lighting, and dark colours. Neale also promotes the idea that genre is a process, that genres change as society and culture changes. As such, genres are historically specific and reflect / represent changing ideas, attitudes, values and beliefs of society at any particular moment in history. |
| key terms for industry business ownership | Public Service Media cross-ownership | The three main media business models are monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. The print, recorded music, and film industries are generally oligopolies; television is generally monopolistic competition; and live event ticketing is essentially a monopoly. |
| Public Service Broadcasting | Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. In many countries of the world, funding comes from governments, especially via annual fees charged on receivers. the ethos of the bbc is to inform entertain and educat | Horizontal Integration = When a conglomerate acquires media companies of the same media type. Vertical Integration = Ownerships that allow a media company to produce and distribute products. delivering impartial and trusted news, UK-originated programmes and distinctive content. |
| Lasswell | well known for his Model of communication hyperdermic needle theory “hypodermic needle theory”? – also known as magic bullet theory. – implied that mass media had a direct, immediate and powerful impact on the audience. | This model is also called a ‘linear model of communication’, ‘uni-directional process’ or ‘action model, because it describes a one-way process within communication. It is seen as one of the most influential communication models. The model consists of five components, that are used as an analysis tool for evaluating the entire communication process. The previous ‘W’ questions are the basis for these components. The answers to these questions provide insight into the communication between people. describes an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said, in what channel it was said, to whom it was said, and with what effect it was said. |
| Lazarsfeld | founder of modern research surveys two-step flow of mass communication Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, popularly known as the founder of modern research surveys, made considerable contributions towards statistical survey analysis, panel methods, latent structure analysis and contextual analysis | This theory suggests that the influence of mass communication on the public is not linear, but a two-step flow of communication process. Information from the mass media is first conveyed to opinion leaders who use their social networks to spread the information to the people affected by it. |
| Uses and Gratifications | Mass Communication theory Created the early 1940s by Katz and Blumler (1974) | Uses and gratifications theory asserts that people use media to gratify specific wants and needs. The theory states that media consumers are passive consumers of mass communications; rather, they play an active role in media consumption. |
| stuart hall | Stuart Hall was a Jamaican-born British sociologist, cultural theorist and political activist. He was born in Kingston in 1932 then came to the UK in the 1950s and was later dubbed the “godfather of multiculturalism” for his contributions to Sociology. | representation is the ability to describe or imagine. Representation is important because culture is always formed through meaning and language, in this case, language is a symbolic form or a form of representation. Stuart Hall argued that cultural identity is not only a matter a ‘being’ but of ‘becoming’, ‘belonging as much to the future as it does to the past’. |
| George Gerbner | The George Gerbner Model of Communication is an extension of Lasswel’s communication model. developed what he called “mean world syndrome,” the belief that the world is more violent and brutal than it really is. | According to Gerbner’s research, the more time spent absorbing the world of television, the more likely people are to report perceptions of social reality that can be traced to televisions most common representations of life and society suggests that people who are regularly exposed to media for long periods of time are more likely to perceive the world’s social realities as they are presented by the media they consume, which in turn affects their attitudes and behaviors |
| David Gauntletts | This theory is sometimes referred to as the ‘pick & mix’ theory, as it allows audiences to pick which aspects of a text they want to construct their identity, whole leaving other bits well alone | Gauntlett believes that while everyone is an individual, people tend to exist within larger groups who are similar to them. He thinks the media do not create identities, but just reflect them instead. |
It helps identify how media texts are classified, organised and understood, essentially around SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCE. Media texts hold similar patterns, codes and conventions that are both PREDICTABLE and EXPECTED, but are also INNOVATIVE (different) and UNEXPECTED.
Campaign flyers
Brief 2 Newspaper satement of intent
For this coursework i will be doing brief 2 and making a newspaper front cover being named channel island daily aiming at all ages interested in relevant story’s without a bais decision giving views from both sides i will be doing a story on gaming and if its good or bad
In terms of layout and design, I am going to follow the style model of our CSP – the i. This has a main image that takes up half the page alongside two ‘plugs’ or ‘ears’, that give insight to what stories are inside the paper, underneath a strapline for my paper. I will also include a masthead, barcode and other details like time, date, and price.
below my main image i will have the main body of text going into the story briefly talk about it with small story’s going down the left side with thumbnails as a design featured with a bold red masthead accompanied by the C.I.D logo i will create fake advertisement’s as well as logos and other small story’s to go on the front cover with main story
My front page will follow the classic look of a formal newspaper so will feature minimal graphology. I will use my knowledge of semiotics and audience theory and incorporate it into the design product in order to show I understand how different signs, codes and conventions are used to receive a specific response from the audience and grab attention. I intend to also use my knowledge of Chomsky’s, Livingston and Lunt’s, and Laswell’s theories and ideology
newspapewr coursework
newspaper masthead – C.I NEWS
Story – is a generation of gamers good or bad ?
it is estimated that 2.69 billion people played video games last year — a little bit under half of our population — play video games, also known as gaming. Contrary to popular belief, it isn’t just teens who play games. According to a recent survey, only 21% of gamers were under 18 years old. While gaming can be a fun distraction or hobby (and has even become a competitive sport ), there are benefits to gaming as well as health risks that come from too much gaming. What are these harms, and what can be done about them?
Before discussing the harms of gaming, it is only fair to mention the benefits. Aside from being entertaining and a fun pastime, gaming can provide a way for people to interact with each other — a virtual community — as they work together toward completing common tasks. Our society suffers from an epidemic of loneliness, and gaming can be a vehicle to connect with others, including otherwise difficult-to-connect-with people in your life, such as kids, grandkids, or (I’ve seen this be quite helpful) with autistic children, who can have challenges with traditional modes of communication.
Gaming injuries
Repetitive stress injuries, or overuse injuries, are injuries that come from activities that involve repeated use of muscles and tendons, to the point that pain and inflammation develop. If these injuries are allowed to progress, numbness and weakness can develop, and permanent injury can result. Overuse injuries of the hands and arms are rampant among gamers.
Gen Z
81% of Gen Z (the youngest generation) have played video games in the last 6 months this is the highest of any generation Gen Z more leisure time on video games than any other past time
potential other things to write about
Gaming addiction
Gaming has also been associated with psychological problems. It is still an open question whether video game addiction, or internet gaming disorder (IGD), is a unique syndrome. According to the American Psychological Association, IGD is defined as experiencing at least five of the following nine criteria over a 12-month period:
- gaming preoccupation
- withdrawal
- tolerance
- loss of interest in other activities
- downplaying use
- loss of relationship, educational, or career opportunities
- gaming to escape or relieve anxiety, guilt, or other negative mood states
- failure to control
- continued gaming despite psychosocial problems.
The most notable positive effects of gaming include:
- Improved cognitive abilities.
- Improved problem-solving skills and logic.
- Increased hand-to-eye coordination.
- Greater multi-tasking ability.
- Faster and more accurate decision-making.
- Enhanced prosocial behaviors.
- Better eyesight (attention to detail)
eSports, also known as e-Sports, egames, or electronic sports is organized competitive video gaming. It primarily involves teams competing against each other in tournaments for a cash prize. Functionally, it’s the same as traditional sports.
How big of an industry is eSports? In 2021, the global eSports industry was valued at more than 1 billion US Dollars. That’s a nearly 50% increase from the year before in 2020. The eSports industry across the globe is forecasted to grow to more than 1.64 billion dollars by 2024.
Fortnite one of the biggest games in the industry held a three-day spectacle culminated with 16-year-old Kyle “Bugha” Giersdorf winning the solo competition and $3 million in prize money Massively increasing his online following and ultimately changing his. life It was arguably one of the biggest esports competitions to date, and it capped off a massive $100 million investment in the competitive scene from Epic
The video game sector is booming – and it’s tipped to keep on growing. The expansion is expected to make the global gaming industry worth $321 billion by 2026, according to PwC’s Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2022-26. Global gaming industry revenues are expected to exceed $320 billion by 2026. Image: PwC.
THE FUTURE
As technology advances, we will see games become a completely immersive experience. Imagine fully encompassing make-believe worlds that you control with your mind and body. Advances in technology and the rapid growth of the esports gaming community will help shape the future of gaming.
ideo games have steadily risen in popularity for years. And with people looking for new ways to socialize and stay entertained during the pandemic, the trend has only accelerated. Gaming is now a bigger industry than movies and sports combined.
Revenue for gaming grew 12 percent in 2020, up to $139.9 billion from $120.1 billion in 2019, according to a report by market research firm SuperData. And at one point last year, four out of every five people in the United States had played a video game within the previous six months.
“It used to be ‘what to watch’ and now it’s ‘whether to watch,’” venture capitalist Matthew Ball wrote. “And the answer is increasingly ‘no, I’m going to play a game.’”
So what’s next? Culturally, gaming will only continue to become more mainstream. But what tech innovations are shaping the future of video games, and how will they influence the gaming experience?
Noam Chomsky
1.Structures of ownership – end goal is profit critical journalism takes 2nd place to the needs and interests of the corporation
2.The role of advertising
3.Links with ‘The Establishment’ – the owners of the news will talk positively about there friends and things that better them
4.Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’
5.Uniting against a ‘common enemy’+
AGENDA SETTING
FRAMING
MYTH MAKING
CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION
Habermas and the Transformation of the Public Sphere
What is the public and private sphere?
The basic distinction between them is that the public sphere is the realm of politics where strangers come together to engage in the free exchange of ideas, and is open to everyone, whereas the private sphere is a smaller, typically enclosed realm (like a home) that is only open to those who have permission to enter it
How does Jurgen Habermas define the public sphere?
Habermas defined the public sphere as a virtual or imaginary community which does not necessarily exist in any identifiable space. In its ideal form, the public sphere is “made up of private people gathered together as a public and articulating the needs of society with the state”
newspaper exam prep
Question:
Ideology can be defined as a collection of values and beliefs. To what extent do media products target audiences by constructing an ideological view of the world?
You should refer to your newspaper Close Study Products, The i and The Daily Mail.
References to key theories:
1. Karl Marx in the second half of the 19th century that unifies social, political, and economic theory.
2. Antonio Gramsci is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class – the bourgeoisie – use cultural institutions to maintain power in capitalist societies.
3. Denis McQuail says “The media do serve the ‘public interest’ or ‘general welfare’ whether its by design or chance”
4. James Curran says “The professional media sector occupies a space wholly independent on the state and the market”
5. James Curran says “Media enables viewers to plug into different views and different perspectives”
Newspaper content:
The i – Centre Left (Labour and Lib Dem) (Intellectual and serious, but cut down for the convenience of the reader without much time on his or her hands)
Daily Mail – Right (Conservative, UKIP) (Non-intellectual, sensationalist, often derided by readers of A and B papers)
Daily mail (right-wing ideology):
Page 18: Boris Johnson is by a country mile the best person to lead the Tory Government.
Page 2: “Tory rebels ‘are plotting course to catastrophe’.
The I (Left-wing ideology):
Page 20: “Thank you for saying what needed to be said about the isralian state”
Page 20: “How long before Priti Patek makes it illegal to boo at someone we find offensive?”
Nick clegg, a deputy prime minister (libertarian) sided and said he is a reader of ‘The I’
Didn’t side with a political party in the 2017 and 2019 election.
Habermas and the public sphere:
Public sphere: Is the mass spread of communication that came around when letters and newpapers were produced.
-“Newspapers, letter and notes forged a consensus which shaped the direction of the state/country.”
-“The media ceased to be a emergence of empowerment and rationality, and became a further means to sideline the public. Instead of including a direction for rational-critical debate, the media manipulated and changed mass opinions”
-“The emergence of a independent, market-based press created a new critical political discussion”
Noam Chomsky:
– Sometimes called “the father of modern linguistics”
– Critical of the media, claiming they are hand to hand with the government, being swayed and told to write and make news to sway the opinion of the public.
– “Manufacturing consent”
– “The dominant mass-media outlets are large profit-based operations, and therefore they must cater to the financial interests of the owners such as corporations and controlling investors”
The 5 filters of mass media:
1. Structures of ownership – Media conglomerates are mostly owned by bigger companies with the same Endgame: Profit. Pushing for anything that gives profit.
2.The role of advertising – Advertising companies get paid by media conglomerates to sell a product, which they make money off of, as well as this the advertising company pays the media conglomerates to get ads within the newspaper or product the media conglomerates are selling.
3.Links with ‘The Establishment’ – Links to higher power, which allows you to get a higher controlling job within the media.
4.Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’ – A diversionary activity is one intended to attract people’s attention away from something which you do not want them to think about, know about, or deal with. Discrediting stories, sources and ideas so that it supports and fits what the government want.
5.Uniting against a ‘common enemy’ – something the media can write about that everyone agrees on or hates to make money and make topics to write on, to therefore sell more.
AGENDA SETTING: Agenda-setting describes the “ability to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda”
FRAMING: the act of providing with a frame. a frame or a system of frames; framework
MYTH MAKING: Making lies to criticise and discredit other sources and stories, making you question their credibility.
CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION: income, wealth, interest rates, age, education, and family size.
Essay beginning:
Media products have biased view of the world and current times to target certain audiences and make sales. As Denis Mcqauil states “The media do serve the ‘public interest’ or ‘general welfare’ whether its by design or chance”” saying that the newspapers we read today are designed to sway and support our own decisions and that it doesn’t matter how it came about, that is the truth. As well as this, in the second half of the 19th century Karl Marx argued that the ideas of the governing power were causing to much in society and that people should take a step back and look at what they’re doing before they mindlessly follow it.