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media essay

“In this essay I am going to apply a semiotic analysis to both the Tomb Raider and Metroid video games covers.

I will argue that the Tomb Raiders game cover and Metroid cover display the same relationships, similarities and differences between signifiers. I will also argue the challenge of the way females are being represented and their place in society today. I strongly believe Tomb Raider doesn’t represent women in a positive or productive way in the gaming community as both covers are extremely sexist and degrading to women with the way they are dressed and the way certain features of their bodies are enhanced.the way women have been presented in these games covers creates unrealistic ideals of a female to the males eye, creating stereotypical standards that they believe all women must look like. Although people may think that Lara Croft has was defeating gender stereotypes buy being a strong main female character, she does not rely on a male character to complete her quest which then creates an influence on the males who play these games allowing them ton think it is okay to be encouraged to be more open minded in the way females should be perceived in games then to how they really are in real life.

 This reflects upon Laura Mulvey’s notion on the male gaze in that the dominant signifier is designed in such a way that she appears sexualised. In the words of Mulvey, she is a character whose “appearance is coded for a strong visual and erotic impact” (“Visual and Other Pleasures”, 1989). Laura states that women are presented as sexual objects for heterosexual male gratification, she believes this due to the abundant mass of females in the media being objectified to please men and to entice them to buy products.  

From the game Metroid, the main character who is seen as a rather large robotic character is known a radical character in the media as she is defeating the gender stereotypes (enlarged butt and boobs, smaller torso) by being a main character who has not been sexualised for the male gaze. The way she is not sexualised is a good way towards making a change in the media as the dominant signifier suggests a sense of power and independence the character brings out on her own. 

in conclusion, both Metroid and Tomb Raider describe two  representations of female protagonists in a way that they are both presented as radical roles due to the bravery and independence they are portraying. 

maybelline

dominant signifiers-shayla and MannyThe use of well known influencers gains more publicity for the product and therefore more sales. Their heavy influence will convince others that they also need this product.
anchorage-‘ that boss life’ in the first shot of the adThe strap line not only tells us what the product is, but it also signifies the effect this product will have on a consumer – they will become more confident.
code- gold sparkles special effects and glistening sound effects
have connotations to magic and portray the mascara tube as a magic wand. This creates the idea that by using this product you will magically become more beautiful and more confident. 

symbolic sign, paradigm- the colour goldGold packaging, gold suitcase, gold outfits, gold lighting has connotations of wealth and luxury

This Maybelline advert promotes it being okay for men to wear makeup and this advertisement for Maybelline was the first of many of a gay man selling the product. Promoting their product with the first gay male is widely making their advertisement more known and potentially promoting the product to reach more people.

Having more diversity with the promotion of the product is much better for creating a positive side to the brand and not labelling who and who cannot wear makeup, having a women of colour also being in the advert promoting the product is also a positive act as that is also not very commonly seen nowadays.

Having well known people in an advert is a very good way of selling the product as other competitors normally find it harder to compete.

The advert does have some cringey parts but that is a good way of it getting stuck in your head so you end up being the product out of spite. The colours that are also used in the ad are gold, this represents wealth, satisfaction, pleasure and happiness symbolising how the buyers may feel after using the product.

score

score constructs a narrative which appeals to the target audience as there is a clear story plot to the advert which sells the product.

You can see girls are surrounding a man which has used to product meaning that the product ables you to have any girl attracted you when you use the product and treat you like the best. Men will feel desire to use this as it is showing they will be above others and simply feel like the ‘cool man’ and bring them pleasure.

Overtime people will have different views on the advert as times have changed and will realise that the ad is sexist, racist and homophobic, class based aka representing posh people.

a reason the setting is a jungle could be representing the fact the girls are animals and he is the pack leader.

research product one
(mascara)
research product two
(lip balm)
my product (perfume)
understanding selfpart of your makeup routineself care.smelling nice at all times, having a scent to rely on and a signature scent.
enjoymentsatisfying when applying.freshly balmed lips instead of dry cracked lips.receiving compliments.
escapismlooking bold.could have used it when you were younger and reminded you of that time.scent could take you back to a moment, place or time.
knowledge about the worldmodels from around the world promoting the product and seeing more of their country in the advert.can be made in a country you haven’t heard of.flavours you’ve never smelt before.
self confidence, self esteemfeel pretty.having soft lips instead of chapped helps your appearance.confidence in yourself knowing you smell good .
strengthen connections with
friends or family
doing your friends makeup.could be getting questions on the product so they ask you to buy for them for certain occasions.potential gifts for family and friends.
any other category or theme

audience theory

hypodermic model (passive consumption)-

Early theoretical work on the relationship of media consumption are often traced back to Harold Lasswell, who developed the theoretical tool of ‘content analysis’ and in 1927 wrote Propaganda Technique in the World War which highlighted the brew of ‘subtle poison, which industrious men injected into the veins of a staggering people until the smashing powers . . . knocked them into submission’ . As Martin Moore notes, Lasswell, as a behavioural scientist researching areas connected with political communication and propaganda, believed each government had ‘manipulated the mass media in order to justify its actions’ in World War 1. 

To illustrate his hypothesis, in 1948 he developed a linear model of communication, one that breaks down the line of communication from point A to point B, in which the SENDER is transferring a MESSAGE, through a MEDIUM (eg Print, radio, TV, etc) that has a direct effect on the RECEIVER. 

components of lasswells model.

if i had a product which i was advertising, i would employee people with the same aspects on the product, if they were truly passionate about the product they would be able sell it well.😘

key terms around representation

  1. Male gaze

the perspective of a notionally typical heterosexual man considered as embodied in the audience or intended audience for films and other visual media, characterized by a tendency to objectify or sexualize women.

  1. Voyeurism

Voyeurism is defined as an interest in observing unsuspecting people while they undress, are naked, or engage in sexual activities. The interest is usually more in the act of watching, rather than in the person being watched.

  1. Patriarchy

a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.

  1. Positive and negative stereotypes

For example, women are positively stereotyped as warm but negatively stereotyped as weak; Asian-Americans are positively stereotyped as competent but negatively stereotyped as cold; Black Americans are positively stereotyped as athletic but negatively stereotyped as unintelligent.

  1. Counter-types

Countertype A representation that highlights the positive features of a person or group. 

  1. Misrepresentation

the action or offence of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.

  1. Selective representation

Selective Representation is only showing (representing) some events/conflicts.

  1. Dominant ideology

The ideas, attitudes, values, beliefs, and culture of the ruling class in a society; usually also the function of these in validating the status quo. The nature and coherence of capitalist ideology is disputed

  1. Hegemony

the global dominance and influence of powerful commercial mass media organizations and a transnational elite. 

  1. Audience positioning

 constructed to place audiences in a particular position in relation to the product, the product is encoded with meanings and messages through its use of media language, the audience then decode these messages. Different audiences will decode the same products in a different way.

  1. Constructed identity

socially and historically constructed concept. … The media uses representations—images, words, and characters or personae—to convey specific ideas and values related to culture and identity in society.

  1. Negotiated identity

 processes through which people reach agreements regarding “who is who” in their relationships. Once these agreements are reached, people are expected to remain faithful to the identities they have agreed to assume.

  1. Collective identity

 Communities formed from shared identity: age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, cultural values, political ideas etc.  Not just representations by mainstream media but also self-construction by users of the media. Collective identity: the individual’s sense of belonging to a group.

essay prep

I produced a school based game which incorporates violence. My main character is a women in power who has control. I labelled her as this as it is not stereotypical as she’s not presented as a ‘damsel in destress’

Further to this I have enlarged her breasts and singed in her waist leading to more attention on the buttocks which is the stereotypical idea of a women’s body. In some ways this inverts Laura Mulvey’s notion of the male gaze in that my main character is there to be objectified and looked at, in the words of Laura Mulvey she is a character “establishing ways of looking and spectacle”. However, the notion of the male gaze is quite distinct as it relates to the sexualisation of the dominant signifier.

statement of intent- game cover

I am going to make a game cover based off of the film ‘mean girls’ as I will portray the characters differently, one will be stereotyped as a ‘dumb ditsy blonde’ who’s outfit will emphasise her upper and bottom half of her body and the other as ‘strong hard working woman’ who is wearing baggier clothes which don’t hug to her physique claiming she does not feel the need to fit in to todays media based stereotype.