Structures of ownership

Maybe there’s is only a certain amount of companies.  Mass media firms are big corporations. Often, they are part of even bigger conglomerates. 

The role of advertising

 Media costs a lot more than consumers will ever pay. So who fills the gap? They are also selling advertisers a product 

Links with establishment

The establishment manages the media through the third filter, Governments, corporations, big institutions know how to play the media game, they know how to influence the news narrative.

Diversionary tactics- flak

Diversing someone’s attention, stray away from the consensus, they get ‘flak’. If you are challenging power you will be pushed.

Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

Manufacturing consent you need an enemy – Communism. Terrorists. Immigrants. A common enemy, a bogeyman to fear, helps corral public opinion.

Media setting an agenda

AGENDA SETTING

FRAMING

MYTH MAKING

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

‘Above all the emergence of an independent market based press.’

public sphere- Everyone i.e where the free discussion and debate of ideas occurs

private sphere- just you i.e where the free discussion and debate of ideas occurs

Habermas and the Transformation of the Public Sphere: you will need to include this in your essay, as it provides a framework for *why we have newspapers, what is the point and purpose of them – the idea of a democratic society enabled by news, information, ideas and debate.

The notion of the “public sphere” began evolving during the Renaissance in Western Europe.  In The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, Habermas showed how modern European salons, cafés, and literary groups contain the resources for democratizing the public sphere,

Key words	Daily mail- textual evidence	Daily Mail- institutional evidence	The i- textual evidence	The i- institutional evidence
Militarism (use of military)	Ukraine and Russia (page 25) pro-war anti-war.
Business over humans		Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mail’s editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s	pg 16- drawing attention to the hunger crisis in east africa, leftist libertarian views.	The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million
views on conservative party	p18 is the ‘Comment’ ie the editorial or voice of the paper ‘Only Starmer gains from this clueless plot’ – ie Labour will gain from Conservative divisions over Boris Johnson	a right-wing tabloid,[1][2][3] the Mail is traditionally a supporter of the Conservative Party. It has endorsed the party in every UK general election since 1945,	Front cover ‘Johnson future turning toxic for Tories’ seems to be against Conservative / Boris Johnson	Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the i. His column usually features in the “My View” comment section of the paper.[31] During an interview for the i in December 2017, then Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the i, saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty’s Opposition.[32]
Patriotism	Front page ‘Joyous Jubilee’ – supporting Royal Family		Front page ‘The new Firm’ slightly critical of Royal Family
authority/ libetarian	PG18: ‘labour’s chances of winning an overall majority are vanishingly small’	Third-party assessments from media bias organizations such as AllSides and Media Bias/Fact Check. Based on this data, The Factual assigns Daily Mail a “Right” bias.	Does not have voice of editor, but an ‘Opinion Matrix’ instead ie a range of different voices and opinion – so much more freedom and plurality (=many) in voice and thought?
One party	Page 2 suggests the UK is a one party state ‘no alternative’, ‘we are strongest when united’ this shows a very authoritarian perspective.		PG2: ‘no alternative candidate’
Racial Superiority	pg 19. ‘tired of white men being blamed for everything wrong in the world’
Equality	page 9 (the prince sticks his tongue out and puts his hand on his mouthers mouth)
Nationalism	page 10 ‘how the nation came together’ suggest national harmony – we are all together.	published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust and distributed across the United Kingdom
Class superiority	Page 14 – “Prince of wales… uniting the UK” – I think this shows that the Daily Mail believes the Royal Family (upper class) are much more important Page 18 – “Boris is right, Macron is wrong… Saving Putins face is a mug’s game” – Showing Boris’ superiority by involving Putin
right	PG18: ‘the truth is that Boris Johnson is by a country mile the best person to lead the tory government and the country at this time’

key question	focus	specifics
Why regulate?	-truth -child protection -political bias -privacy -morals -ethics -defamtion,slander,reputation damage -ownership to avoid monopolies (increase choice and diversity-competion)	– Depp vs Heard – Elon Musk and Twitter purchase – China banning social media
What gets regulated?	-newspapers -films -genres -tv shows -radio – video games – News – Advertising – Books
Who regulates what?	-government -specialist bodies -individuals -internal company structural regulations -self regulation -influencers – groups – Offcom (broadcasting)

Libetarianism-

1. a political philosophy that advocates only minimal state intervention in the free market and the private lives of citizens.

Authoratarianism-

1. the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom.
   • lack of concern for the wishes or opinions of others.

What is it?

It includes radio, television and many other media outlets which primary mission is public service.

The purpose of it is to entertain the public, culture, education and information. It ensures diversity in the media and programming reflecting on wider societies. Genuinely paid through tax by the public.

other industries such as construction for example aren’t purposefully looking to make money where cultural industries like music and television mainly focus on the money making but also for entertainment purposes. Construction is a necessity as it is needed for people to live in homes.

‘Pivotal role in organizing the images and discourses through which people make sense of the world’ -Peter Golding, Graham Murdock

No offence

A drama of 3 seasons, the audience have given a 4.8 rating of five stars.

Year	Association	Category	Nominee(s)	Result
2015	Festival de la fiction TV de La Rochelle	Best Foreign Fiction	No Offence	Won[22]
RTS Craft & Design Awards	Best Music, Original Titles	Vince Pope	Nominated
2016	BAFTA Television Awards	Best Drama Series	No Offence	Nominated
Broadcast Awards	Best Drama Series or Serial	No Offence	Nominated
Best Original Programme	No Offence	Nominated
Irish Film and Television Awards	Best Actress in a Lead Role – Drama	Elaine Cassidy	Nominated
RTS Programme Awards	Best Drama Series	No Offence	Won[23]
2017	Irish Film and Television Awards	Best Actress in a Lead Role – Drama	Elaine Cassidy	Nominated

There was a radical representation of women to target broader audiences. There were also down syndrome characters.

The killing

A drama crime series of 4 seasons, the audience have given a 4.7 rating of five stars.

Year	Association	Category	Nominated work	Result
2011	1st Critics’ Choice Television Awards[59]	Best Drama Series	The Killing	Nominated
Best Actress in a Drama Series	Mireille Enos	Nominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series	Michelle Forbes	Nominated
63rd Primetime Emmy Awards[60]	Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series	Mireille Enos	Nominated
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series	Michelle Forbes	Nominated
Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series	Patty Jenkins (Episode: “Pilot”)	Nominated
Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series	Veena Sud (Episode: “Pilot”)	Nominated
Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series	Elizabeth Kling (Episode: “Pilot”)	Nominated
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series	The Killing	Nominated
2012	38th Saturn Awards[61]	Best Television Presentation	The Killing	Nominated
Best Actress in Television	Mireille Enos	Nominated
Best Supporting Actor in Television	Joel Kinnaman	Nominated
Best Supporting Actress in Television	Michelle Forbes	Won
64th Writers Guild of America Awards[62]	Best New Series	The Killing	Nominated
69th Golden Globe Awards[63]	Best Actress – TV Series Drama	Mireille Enos	Nominated
64th Directors Guild of America Awards[64]	Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Series	Patty Jenkins	Won
2013	39th Saturn Awards[65]	Best Syndicated Cable Television Series	The Killing	Nominated
Best Actress in Television	Mireille Enos	Nominated
34th Young Artist Awards[66]	Best Performance in a TV Series – Supporting Young Actor	Seth Isaac Johnson	Nominated
2nd Annual Social TV Awards[67]	Best Drama Social TV	The Killing Story Sync	Nominated
2014	4th Critics’ Choice Television Awards[68]	Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series	Peter Sarsgaard	Nominated

Season 1

The first-season finale was met with negative reviews from some critics. The Los Angeles Times called it “one of the most frustrating finales in TV history,” with Alan Sepinwall of HitFix.com calling the end “insulting.” Finally, Maureen Ryan of AOL TV said that the finale “killed off any interest I had in ever watching the show again.” “[The show] began last spring looking like the smartest, most stylish pilot in years,” complained Heather Havrilevsky in the new York times magazine. “Fast-forward to the finale, in which we learn that what we’ve been watching is actually a 26-hour-long episode of law and order and we’re only halfway through it.”