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January 9, 2023 Alex Henry Leave a comment

Sentient: Able to perceive or feel things.

the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
The transformation of audience consumption

Speed: Comes to you immediately when requested.
Access: Any where with an internet connection, anyone with a device.
Storage: Storing more information and media across multiple devices and a lot of it.

The idea of how our minds process information is interesting, with the suggestion that we do not think in a linear or sequential way, but associatively and sensorily, so that information is linked to patterns, consequences, almost like nodes of hyperlinked information.

The transaction is not based on monetary exchange but is the release of data.

Summary table for The Virtual Revolution:

TOPIC	NOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’s	the impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)	mental health internet addiction? Choices made? ‘A world without consequences’ ‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats	16 million new members on Netflix due to the pandemic. Over 1 billion hours of youtube footage is watched a day by users all around the world. “Regular” users of tiktok open the app 8 times a day and spend on average 95minutes scrolling over 200 separate videos. 13.8% of social media users on the internet use Instagram daily. 210 million snaps on snapchat are made a day. 8.39 hours is the average daily use for screens, 13-24.
Theodore Vail	The Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop Theory	Loop Theory – predictive behaviour But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling) Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard) (Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’ The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar Number	The Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150. So who benefits from greater connectivity? Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky	In July 2005, Shirky gave a talk titled “Institutions vs collaboration” as a part of TEDGlobal 2005. Shirky compares the coordination costs between groups formed under traditional institutions and those formed by groups which “build cooperation into the infrastructure.”
Vannavar Bush	associative not linear thinking the demise of long form reading So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge. Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners –Lee	the inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhan	The Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
	The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

Audience, Semiotics, Uncategorized

POSTMODERNISM

November 28, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

Key terms:

Pastiche – Work of art, drama, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the work of a previous artist
Parody – A work or performance that imitates another work with irony or ridicule.
Bricolage – A creation from the diverse selection of items within the world.
Intertextuality – A link/relationship set up to deliberately bring two texts together.
Referential – A piece containing references or allusions to another piece.
Surface and style over substance and content –
Metanarrative – A piece that contains narratives of history, experience, knowledge or grand ideas.
Hyperreality – Distinguishing the real from the signifier of reality.
Simulation (sometimes termed by Baudrillard as ‘Simulacrum’) – A representation or imitation of a person or thing.
Consumerist Society – The high value of items which people buy, despite not needing them.
Fragmentary Identities –
Alienation – A state of being alone and without company.
Implosion – Something violently collapsing.
cultural appropriation –
Reflexivity –

Postmodernism: The truth is slowly depleting, as everything in the world becomes a slightly changed duplicate of another, we are going to live in a duplicated world with no real solid values beneath it.

The truth no longer is the truth, it is a pastiche of it.

3 Example of parody in “Love Box in your living room:

Lord Wreath played by Paul Whitehouse
The “Peaky Blinders” scene played by Paul Whitehouse and Harry Enfield, “AND HAIR CUTS” obvious joke about The Peaky Blinders.
The play on “Top Gear’s Smallest car episode” with the small 1 seater car joke.

Pastiche	Re-creation of a western film in the barn scene with infected pod.
Parody	Parody of the film within the film.
Bricolage	Many different times within the film, 1950s, 1997,
Intertextuality	The link between each game being obviously set out, i.e.. the make out scene in the back of the game room “Building up emotional tension for the next game”, the diseased bio pod within the barn scene that came with them to the ski resort scene to be set on fire, the killing game creator from the story to the real film world.
Referential	Itself. Actors speak about the film story in the film. At the end in the circle of game testers, describing their characters and what they did/if they were satisfied.
Surface and style over substance and content
Metanarrative	Each scene seemed to be in a different era, the gas station scene was to be in the 1950s, midnight, big green trucks, nothing too advanced. 1997, where the film was made and where the testers are set to be. 1970s with the game room scene, very retro game room, looking like the very first game shops that originated in the 70s
Hyperreality	The actors can’t distinguish the game from real life, after many scenes of different very realistic scenes, they kill people, stab people, fight, make out, set fire to things. Then when it comes out the final scene, the dog isn’t what they think it is, it actually has 2 pistols strapped to its body, then when they kill the “game creator” the other “players” do not react, no screaming, no scares, they are not coded to, apart from the one character (the Chinese man) who was “coded” to react. This is an obvious indication that they are still in the game, its an “unfinished game playtest” so no wonder some of the characters don’t react, or have bad dialog, or bad accents or need their name screamed at them for attention or the specific voice line to move the game forward.
Simulation (sometimes termed by Baudrillard as ‘Simulacrum’)	The whole film is a imitation of itself, each scene having something to do with the last however being set in a different place and time every time. Sometimes a gas station, a hotel room, a ski resort, a church hall. All the scenes have a the same actors and people but they have different characters and plots.
Consumerist Society	The characters within the game and the testers, actually don’t need that game sim, they don’t need any sort of games, however they’re still there trying it, wanting to buy it.
Fragmentary Identities	Allegra plays different characters along the whole film, a assertive female, a excited teenager, assassin, nervous murderer.
Alienation
Implosion	The way it very quickly goes from trying to figure out what’s going on within the “game” to losing trust and killing everyone in the idea of winning and then at the final scene, killing the “creator”.
cultural appropriation
Reflexivity

Revision (How it applies):

Gears of war:

Simulation:

Hyperreality:

Advertising, Audience, Essays, Exam Prep, Radio, Regulation, Theory

RADIO 20 MARK REVISION

November 14, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

Theme	Newsbeat	War of the Worlds
Ownership	Owned by the BBC, the BBC is owned and payed for the by the public. Payed through TV licenses BBC Charter: Educate, Inform, Entertain	Owned by CBS, CBS is payed for by Paramount global. Privately owned, available to everyone.
Regulation	Regulated by Ofcom which receives it regulation rules through the UK gov. Also regulates off of the BBC’s Charter.	CBS is regulated by the The Federal Communications Commission (US FCC)
Habermas	Transformation of the public sphere, the BBC (when making money) re-invests it into BBC to make it better, adapt it and sticks to their charter tighter.	Sticks to making a profit rather than bettering itself. Does not transform the public sphere, the polar opposite of the BBC.
Chomsky	5 filters of mass media: 1.Structures of ownership – BBC owned by the public, regulated by their own Ethos. 2.The role of advertising – Ads for the BBC are on social media platforms displaying what they offer, for example the “Trust is earned” publication video they made. 3.Links with ‘The Establishment’ – BBC isn’t directly connected to the government however it is regulated by a set of rules the government chooses. 4.Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’ – None really applies as the BBC specialises in its truth. 5.Uniting against a ‘common enemy’
Audience	Active consumption, choosing to listen in and create opinions and thoughts based on the stories which are on the media/radio from newsbeat.	Passive consumption, taking in what war of the worlds is saying and just believing it.
Lazarfeld	Harry and Kate promoting mental Health on mental Health Day, Stormzy being put on the show. This uses opinion leaders so that its not the BBC directly telling the audience how to feel, its their favourite influencers.	It is written by Orsen Wells, who was a popular author uses the two step flow of directly injecting the idea of entertain through War Of the Worlds, at 0:20 it is announced that Orsen will be reading the show and is also announced it is a story from the Theatre on Air.
Stuart Hall
New Technology	Newsbeat is on social media, internet radio and apps.
Cross media creation	Newsbeat is on social media, internet radio and apps. Can be read and understood on different platforms for the younger audiences to access it anywhere and whenever they want.	The show was originally published as a book in the UK and US in 1897, then a radio show in 1938 and then a TV series in 1988
Curran		“profit-driven motives take precedence over creativity” CBS creating the idea of a a massive panic to create a huge amount of money over the idea of making a good entertainment.
Seaton	POWER AND MEDIA: patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate. Controls how they want to target audiences that are informed and want to learn. Seaton says “Sells audiences to advertisers not products to audiences” which the BBC doesn’t do, they do this by sticking to their “educate” ethos and making stories to educate.	Provides to audiences the idea of entertainment without sticking to any sort of ethos or education. Only entertainment and selling a big story which we don’t know is true (I.E people running out of their homes in fear of the story that they are hearing.

Uncategorized

WAR OF THE WORLDS CSP

November 8, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

A famous episode due to the fact is ensued panic on those who listened, them thinking there was an actual Martian invasion of Earth taking place.
The program is a simulation of a “live event” where it plays bulletins as if it were a real radio being interrupted by an emergency broadcast.
“The War of the Worlds” was the 17th episode of the CBS Radio series The Mercury Theatre on the Air, which was broadcast at 8 pm ET on October 30, 1938, making this a Halloween special.
The scare was intended with the Narrator and Director “Orson Welles ” said “and would be broadcast in such a dramatized form as to appear to be a real event taking place at that time, rather than a mere radio play”
Out of an estimated 6 million listeners, 1.7 million believed the story and 1.2 million got disturbed/scared. Even thought 30 minutes through the show, an announcement was made saying it was just a story.

Linked Theories

Gerbners idea that what people listen or watch, slowly becomes what they actually think or believe. Which in this case is the people who were scared or frightened, not listening to the announcement that it was fake and paying attention to the start/finish and name of the broadcast being The Mercury Theatre on the Air.

Halls idea is the multiple types of audience that listen to the war of the worlds. Each with their own set of reactions. Firstly, Dominant, or Preferred Reading – how the producer wants the audience to view the media text. The creator of war of the worlds wanted the audience to understand and be entertained by a documentery/story piece.

Oppositional Reading – when the audience rejects the preferred reading, and creates their own meaning for the text. In this case it would be people running out of their houses with their families.

Negotiated Reading – a compromise between the dominant and oppositional readings, where the audience accepts parts of the producer’s views, but has their own views on parts as well. In this example it would be people getting frightened of the piece and turning it off.

Lasswells 5 forms of communication.
who said it: Columbia Broadcasting Company
what was said: A story based on the idea Martians were arriving on earth.
in which channel it was said: Radio
to who it was said: A radio audience of 12 million people
what effect it had when it was said: 6 Million scared or frightened, with 1.2 million going to the lengths of running out with their families in fear.

Fake news

Fake news started and was made consistently since 1755, so in this case it was not an abnormal thing to be broadcasted or seen.

Audience, Exam Prep

CSP – NEWSBEAT

November 3, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

Facts and Figures:

Newsbeat is a radio service from the BBC
The main focus, rather than your typical news, is news towards teenagers and “twentysomethings”.
Launched 10th September 1973
The name was taken from another radio program, “Radio Coraline”, this is because one of Radio Coralines workers “Roger Gale” worked on Newsbeat with the BBC
Broadcasted on Radio 1, 1Xtra and Asian Network.
15-19, 84% listeners 12-15

Media Industries:

Younger audience receiving news that is regulated by the government.
As well as this, even if the younger audience doesn’t use the radio, newsbeat is multi platform (Radio, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook) so the younger audience have regulated influencers everywhere they spend time in.
There is no difference between the BBC news and newsbeat, due to the fact its all being regulated by the same people, at the end of the day, they’re going to receive the same news in a different way.
Funded by the tax from the government, hypothecated tax, money from a specific tax goes towards the BBC for education.

Media Audiences:

BBC’s Ethos of Educate, Entertain and Inform is cemented within newsbeat as it encases all their key values. Entertains the younger audiences with celebrity news, informs them of dangerous and or threatening news, and educates them with other news.
Stuart Hall, 3 types of audiences.
Those who accept: Teenager and young people who listen or watch online, taking Newsbeats information and believing/accepting it.
Those who argue: The audience which listens/reads but then disagrees with some things.
Those who reject: The audience which entirely REJECTS what newsbeat has to offer.
To bring in the younger audience, Newsbeat changed the language and style they present in, bringing in teens by using street slang and making stories on popular, younger generation topics, like Tik Tok, Celebrities and Young topics.

Radio

PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING (PSB)

October 31, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

10 quality points of television:
1. A understandable, yet un-predictable storyline
2. Professional actors which can portray the story line in a convincing and enjoyable way.
3. The sound recording must be professional and the correct cuts, fades and sounds used at appropriate times.
4. The picture recording is high quality (in definition) and the angles capture the dominant signifier.
5. Appropriate props and costume that relate to the story line and actors.
6. Appropriate locations to shoot upon which represent the story, not recording in a barn for an office show.
7.

Narrowcasting: Targets a niche audience
Broadcasting: Targets large audiences and a broad variety of people.

The BBC:

Founded 1922, Radio not television
Lord Reith, founded BBC
BBC took a PATERNAL approach.

The Royal Charter:

Sets out the BBC’s missions, objectives, and tasks.
Gov Makes sure the BBC sticks to its plan and does what is required of it.
Government to oversee the regulation on the BBC.

Ethos of the BBC:

Lord Reith created the 3 Ethos’ of the BBC:
To inform
To Educate
To Entertain

Populism vs Paternalism:

Populism: What people enjoy, what people want. Like enjoying 1 type of food which is really un-healthy or sitting and watching soap operas that are useless and you learn nothing from them.

Paternalism: What people need, and require to be healthy and competent. Like education and entertainment.

Past and present:

Grace Wyndham-Goldie changing nature of modern communication, essentially by transforming time and space.

“The ability to discover and listen to people/things from areas you didn’t even know existed”
– The fear of new technology, don’t use at people will stop attending IRL events.
– Social Cement, everyone in Britain was centred around the BBC because of how it was accessible by anyone.

Theories within the BBC:

Habermas: The BBC correlates with Habermas’ idea of the public sphere, where the BBC allows the spread of data and communication to the public, therefore making a public sphere of opinions and shared knowledge.

Seaton:
“Indeed, Public Service Regulation has secured the survival of a Successful broadcasting industry”
“1923 Skyes Report saying ‘broadcasting was of great national importance as a medium for the performance of a valuable public service'”
“No conflict has arisen between Broadcasters and the Government over the definition of public interest”
“Broadcasters are not free but ‘Brokers, Megaphones, impresarios and mediators”

James Curran and Jane Seaton (Ownership):
“Commercial Broadcasting is based not on the sale of programmes to audiences, but on the sale of audiences to advertisers”
“twin forces of creativity and business”

Uncategorized

OH! COMELY

October 14, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

-Owned by a small company called “IceBerg Press” which is only a small amount of staff running a full magazine.
-The editor of “Oh! Comely” worked at Hearst as deputy editor of the “coast” magazine.
-Sykes recalls. “We didn’t like the fact that print dying was becoming a self fulfilling prophecy”
-The world of magazines has never been more vibrant and innovative, but you wouldn’t know it from the average newsstand today. From Iceberg Press website
-Feminist Magazine

-The front covers words “Power”, “Strong” and “Hard-Won” gives a powerful representation of woman, feminist critical thinking.
-The girl is wearing covering clothing and short hear, showing that she is not being sexualised and in fact is being displayed as her, not a body, as a human.
-Lack of huge amount of makeup, making it more like she is being displayed for her and her humanity, rather than her “beauty”

Audience, Institution, Magazines, Mens Health

Magazines CSP, MEN’S HEALTH

October 3, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

Paper 2 CSP:
Page 1:

Semiotics:

Dominant signifier being Vin Diesel, we know this because he is the main focus within the first page, being the biggest and most outward object on the page.
The title “Men’s Health” being indexical to men’s health and the gender performance of the male gender.
The page is reactionary, supporting the typical view of strong, independent men.
The syntagm of men’s gender performance and what men should be like. This suggestion is that men should be fit and strong with muscular developments. “Lose 8kg fast”, “127 ways to build a stronger core” “103 shortcuts to t-shirt arms”
The title and Vin Diesel in the magazine provide anchorage that the magazine is targeted and made for men.

Representation:

Gender is represented through the magazines choice of colours, the colour being an aggressive dark blue which can represent masculinity.
The sub-title “Get Back in Shape Special” represents men and the typical stereotype that men are fit and strong.
The model used (Vin Diesel) supports and promotes the idea of gender as a performance and fits the heterosexual gaze.
The constructed identity of a typical man is represented on the front page, but also other pages. Firstly, Vin Diesel is seen to represent the typical male, being strong, fit and have a aggressive, alpha stance.

Lazarfelds idea within men’s health:
Vin Diesel represents the idea of a strong and fit man, therefore his supporters or followers are going to buy the magazine and follow its tips to try and end up looking like him, because its his idea and his opinion that says you should be fit and active, that’s why he is also fit and active himself.

On page 6 -7 Gerard Butler can be seen as a model for the Boss aftershave “Intense”, the idea is that his supporters and people who follow him will look at this advert and think “he’s cool and he’s wearing that aftershave, so i should buy it to be cool like him”

Page 2:

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is mens-health-contents-page.jpg

Semiotics:

Icon – Vin diesel photograph in the bottom left
Dominant signifier being the editors letter positioned in the bottom right, talking about new years resolutions.
Anchorage being each photo posted with the page number it correlates to.
The picture of Vin Diesel creates the strong male ideology.

Representation:

The constructed identity of the Male gender is represented here through the selection and combination of images of vin diesel along with pictures of the other pages, some of these pages contain weights or running shoes, implying the stereotype of how men are fit and strong.
The individual identity of different types of men, being the strong man (Vin Diesel) down the bottom left, the old man in the middle (True Grit) and the cool man also in the middle (Page 125).

The school of life released a video called how to be a man, while this is not an academic theory, it nevertheless presents two versions of masculinity, the warm man and the cool man. It is possible to identify these two versions in men’s health thus supporting David Gauntlets notion of Fluid, negotiated, constructive identity. For example, on page 125 you can see a calm and collected man who isn’t ridiculously built up and fit, however he is positioned to be inspirational and confident. This is the representation of the “Warm Man” who knows his anxiety’s and flaws, but makes the most of what he has and stays as he is, calm and relaxed. However on page 2, within the advert for Dolce and Gabbana, the male within that photo is seen to be strong and fit, fitting the typical constructed identity of a cool man. He’s holding a woman, and shirtless in the middle of the snowy cold Alpes, but he doesn’t care, he’s calm and relaxed, and confident within himself.

Media Industries (And Audiences)

Men’s health is owned by a company called “Hearst” which has business in the UK and US, it’s mainly based in New York and started after the Founder William Randolph Hearst took over his fathers newspaper, the “San Francisco Analyser”
Hearst is a media conglomerate owning 7 different companies,
Fitch Ratings – A Market analysis company
First Database – A pharmaceutical company
Hearst Television – Owns 34 different television channels.
A-E Networks – Multinational joint broadcasting company between Disney and Hearst.

Men’s health reaches on average 89,111 people in one year, this is through majority paid subscriptions to the magazine. However, per month in the UK it is seen that it reaches 708 men aged 15+ (study made from April 2019 to March 2020) which fits the targeted demographic group.

Hearst not only has men’s health, they also have woman’s health. Along with 10 other woman focused magazines, however only 1 for men.

Woman’s health reaches on average 96,350 people in one year, which is 7,239 more than men’s health. with 65,000 of them being monthly subscriptions which is 1000 less than men’s health. This supports the idea that the media conglomerate of Hearst is supporting and creating content for both genders and many different beliefs to maximise profits and followers.

Stuart hall in “Men’s Health”:

Here we can see the creators idea that weightless, nutrition, health, fitness, style and muscle are the main things in your life to focus and produce upon. I could see how health fanatics and body building see that and agree with it because that the way they are and that’s what they focus on the most, however to someone like me I can agree that all of those things are very important but it shouldn’t be the be all and end all of your life, you should be with your family and friends, and focus on relationships rather than everything being for yourself and impressing others, however I can also see how someone who is unhealthy, sits at home eating takeaways constantly and is over weight would look at this page and completely disagree with it and continue on with their ideas of life rather than re-considering with these.

Exam Prep, Revision

CSP REVISION

September 28, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

CSP Booklet:

2023-A-level-Media-Studies-Close-Study-Products-v1.5

RAG rating for CSP’s:

Command Words

Describe: To look at the situation and articulate, in detail, what you see, think and hear.
Compare: To put your theories against other theories of the same thing or of another product.
Evaluate: To end off the ideas by making a common link or opposite from the products, and what that means for it.
Analyse: To look again and compare more items.
Knowledge:
Understanding:

CSP Table:

	What do you know?	What meaning or understandings do you have of their ideas? Put another way – how can you apply their ideas to your CSP’s?
Noam Chomsky	– 5 Filters of Mass Media -Manufacturing consent 1. Structures of ownership 2. The role of advertising 3. Links with ‘The Establishment’ 4. Diversionary tactics 5. Uniting against a ‘common enemy’ -Money and power influencing and causing effects on the media. -Media uses viewers for money and advertisements.	-The owner of the The Daily Mail is Lord Rothermere who is right wing, The daily mail is also right wing.
James Curran	-The professional media sector occupies a space wholly independent on the state and the market -Media enables viewers to plug into different views and different perspectives
Jean Seaton
Jurgen Habermas	Public sphere: Is the mass spread of communication that came around when letters and newspapers were produced. -Newspapers, letter and notes forged a consensus which shaped the direction of the state/country.	-The public sphere is also displayed within the 5 filters of mass media. The filter being referenced here would be the “Role of Advertising” this is because papers like The Daily mail are advertised and support the views of the authoritarian public, so the authoritarian public would be attracted to it, therefore their opinions and ideas won’t change and the government keep getting supporters and more votes because they don’t see anything else, which is also known as manufacturing consent.
Semiotics	-Textual Analysis	A media creator utilizing these to attract certain attention or target specific audiences. They also add further meaning to a object or item instead of it just being there, gives a meaning behind why and what it is, and what its doing there.
Feminist Critical Thinking	-Mary Wollstonecraft (1792): A vindication of woman’s rights -The British Suffragettes -1913 Emily Wilding Davison broke into the track of a horse race and being trampled/hit by King George V’s horse “Anmer” to make a point and publicise the suffragettes	The idea of woman being incorrectly represented in the media and how woman are retaliating and pointing out the facts which are oppressing them.
Post-Colonialism	The slave trade; started in the mid 1400’s as Americans needed workers for the agricultural industry so Africans were sold over to by their own kings. Jacques Lacan- The “other” “we cannot actually see ourselves as whole, we use a reflection to understand who we are / who we are not”
David Gauntlet (Representation)	David Gauntlet: -Fluidity of identity: change because of how men and women are being perceived through the media. -Constructed identity: Constructing identity involves life experiences, relationships and connections. -Negotiated Identity: -Collective Identity:	David Gauntlet spreads the idea that your identity is created by what you do and what you experience with people. That’s what makes you who you are. Mens health magazine The individual identity of different types of men, being the strong man (Vin Diesel) down the bottom left, the old man in the middle (True Grit) and the cool man also in the middle (Page 125).
Gerbner	-As you consume television it warps your view on the world. People opinions and views can be traced back to televisions most represented views of life. Whether that be real shows that are based off of true stories or fake shows that aren’t true.	Links to the idea of passive consumption. A research of 3,000 TV shows and 35,000 people resulted in realising people who watch TV consistently changes their view on the world. Mean World Theory – The worlds view is depicted by what you see on television, therefore you have a constructed identity (Gauntlet). Mainstream – Media consumption leads to dominant ideas becoming your own ideas and what you believe.
Lasswell	-Defining communication by reading into who said it, what was said, in which channel it was said, to who it was said and what effect it had when it was said -One step flow of the hypodermic needle.	Active and passive consumption. In terms of men’s health: Who said it: Hearst Communications behind the title of “Mens Health Magazine” What: Being strong and fit makes you masculine and fit the “cool man” persona Channel: Print, Web Magazine, Social Media To who: Men who are looking to change their life or are already into a fitness based lifestyle. What effect: Inspirational, aggressive, however looking for money and engagement.
Lazarfeld	-Two step flow of mass communication. -Mass media’s forms peoples opinions by their own opinions.	People form opinions based on opinion leaders like influencers. Links to passive and active consumption.
Uses and Gratifications	-Mass communication theory that focuses on needs, motives and gratifications of uses. -Passive vs active consumers.	Escapism, Entertainment, enjoyment, personal needs, personal wants, self-improvement.
Stuart Hall	Audiences are passive and are with terms with the fact that the higher power of the world controls everything, like the media and opinions. 3 Categories of people: -People who accept the truth and that the media is controlled and consume it anyway. -People who consume the media but sometimes negotiate and go against what the media says. -People who don’t watch or listen to any media. Encoding and decoding the model of communication which is an approach of how media messages are produced and interpreted.	Links to active and passive audiences. Agreeing with the creators view points, seeing their view points but having your own idea from the same thing or something along the lines of theirs but slightly different or just completely disassociating the idea and not accepting it at all.
Henry Jenkins	Disagrees with the ideas of Gerbner because he believes now that through the field of gaming and streaming the world has become more active in their media consumption.	People make more of their own choices and partake in active consumption because they are choosing to engage with activities with media within them.

Revision

REVISION FROM POST

September 9, 2022 Alex Henry Leave a comment

Habermas: The power of the media being hand in hand with the government.
Head of the post scratching backs with the prime minister for stories and popularity.

Manufacturing consent, the 5 filters of the media, where we don’t know what is trustable or if its true.

Press being the middle class individuals who communicate news from the higher class to other middle and lower class individuals.

Rules and laws: Public defamation by the Herald ended with a court case leaving the Herald paperless for a day, losing money and making the post get ahead of them with popularity and sales.

2023 Media Blog