key words –

  • Cultural industries  – A cultural industry is an economic field concerned with producing, reproducing, storing, and distributing cultural goods and services on industrial and commercial terms.
  • Production – The process of or management involved in making a film, play, or record.
  • Distribution – The methods by which media products are delivered to audiences, including the marketing campaign.
  • Exhibition / Consumption – Media consumption or media diet is the sum of information and entertainment media taken in by an individual or group. It includes activities such as interacting with new media, reading books and magazines, watching television and film, and listening to the radio.
  • Media concentration – Concentration of media ownership is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media.
  • Conglomerates – A media conglomerate, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet.
  • Globalisation (in terms of media ownership) – The production, distribution, and consumption of media products on a global scale facilitating the exchange and diffusion of ideas cross-culturally.
  • Cultural imperialism –  Cultural Imperialism Theory states that Western nations dominate the media around the world which in return has a powerful effect on Third World Cultures by imposing n them Western views and therefore destroying their native culture.
  • Vertical Integration –  Vertical Integration is when a Media Company owns different businesses in the same chain of production and distribution
  • Horizontal Integration – Horizontal Integration is a Media Company’s Ownership of several businesses of the same value. A Media Company can own a Magazine, Radio, Newspaper, Television and Books. 
  • Mergers – a combination of two things, especially companies, into one.
  • Monopolies – the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
  • Gatekeepers – is a process by which information is filtered to the public by the media.
  • Regulation – a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
  • Deregulation – the removal of regulations or restrictions, especially in a particular industry.
  • Free market – an economic system in which prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses.
  • Commodification  – the act or fact of turning something into an item that can be bought and sold.
  • Convergence  –  media convergence, a phenomenon involving the interconnection of information and communications technologies, computer networks, and media content.
  • Diversity – It means understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual differences. 
  • Innovation – the process of not just an “invention” of a new value for journalism, but also the process of implementing this new value in a market or a social setting to make it sustainable.

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