The i and the Daily Mail attempt to establish a distinctive identity within this free market
Free market = free market is a system in which the prices for goods and services are self-regulated by buyers and sellers negotiating in an open market without market coercions
Curran and Seaton: Liberal theory of press freedom
To discuss key concepts such as Authoritarianism, Libertarianism, Right wing, Left wing. Use secondary sources (ie quotation) to help to support your knowledge and understanding
Show some knowledge of media regulation – you can draw upon Livingstone and Lunt
Definitions
Libertarianism is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state’s violation of individual liberties; emphasizing free association, freedom of choice, individualism and voluntary association.
Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting.
Hedonism comes from the ancient Greek for ‘pleasure’. Psychological or motivational hedonism claims that only pleasure or pain motivates us. Ethical or evaluative hedonism claims that only pleasure has worth or value and only pain or displeasure has disvalue or the opposite of worth.
The Frankfurt School was a school of social theory and critical philosophy associated with the Institute for Social Research, at Goethe University Frankfurt in 1929. Founded in the Weimar Republic (1918–1933), during the European interwar period (1918–1939), the Frankfurt School comprised intellectuals, academics, and political dissidents dissatisfied with the contemporary socio-economic systems (capitalist, fascist, communist) of the 1930s. The Frankfurt theorists proposed that social theory was inadequate for explaining the turbulent political factionalism and reactionary politics occurring in 20th century liberal capitalist societies. Critical of both capitalism and of Marxism–Leninism as philosophically inflexible systems of social organization, the School’s critical theory research indicated alternative paths to realizing the social development of a society and a nation.
Habermas and the Public Sphere
The emergence of an independent, market-based press, created a new public engaged in critical political discussion.
The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action.
The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to openly discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action.
‘Habermas argues that the development of early modern capitalism brought into being an autonomous arena of public debate.’
‘He argues, the public sphere came to be dominated by an expanded state and organised economic interests’.
‘Created a new public engaged in critical political thinking’.
