• Sign – Anything that can convey meaning (e.g Road signs indicate/convey/mean danger)
• Signifier– Means / connotations to something else (the signified) e.g image or facial expression
• Signified– The thing that the signifier mean / is relating to
• Index – Describes the connection between signifier and signified
• Ideology – Set of opinions or beliefs (e.g Religion)
• Syntagym – Group of symbols / signs that form meaning when together
• Signification – the representation or conveying of meaning
• Dominant signifier – any material thing that signifies
• Icon – a sign that looks like its object
• Code – symbolic tools used to create meaning
• Symbol – anything that can be used to represent something else
• Anchorage – words with an image to provide context
• Denotation – the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests
• Connotation – the literal or primary meaning of a word, contrasting the feelings/ideas that the word suggests
• Myth – a widely held but false belief or idea
• Paradigm – a collection of signs that are related
• Convention – a way in which something is usually done

• Tomb Raider
• Metroid
• Sims Freeplay

• Maybelline
• Score

• No Offence
• The Killing

• Newsbeat
• War of the Worlds

• The Daily Mail
• The i

• Men’s Health
• Oh Comely

• Teen Vogue
• The Voice

• Ghost Town
• Letter to the Free

Blinded by the Light