Semiotics:

• Sign – an object, quality, or event whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else
• Signifier – a sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning
• Signified – the meaning or idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed
• Signification – the representation or conveying of meaning
• Dominant signifier – any material thing that signifies
• Icon – a sign that looks like its object
• Index – a sign or measure of something e.g smoke is an index of fire
• Code – symbolic tools used to create meaning
• Symbol – anything that can be used to represent something else
• Anchorage – words with an image to provide context
• Denotation – the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests
• Connotation – the literal or primary meaning of a word, contrasting the feelings/ideas that the word suggests
• Myth – a widely held but false belief or idea
• Ideology – the science of ideas; the study of their origin
• Paradigm – a collection of signs that are related
• Convention – a way in which something is usually done
• Syntagm – an orderly combination of interacting signifiers which forms a meaningful whole 

Propps character types:

• The villain
• The donor
• The helper
• The princess
• The dispatcher
• The hero
• The false hero

• Equilibrium – where everything is balanced, progress as something comes along to disrupt that equilibrium, and finally reach a resolution, when equilibrium is restored
• Sub-genre – a smaller and more specific genre within a broader genre
• Hybridity – is a methodology of viewing the world in a comprehensive, dynamic and dialectical view that acknowledge the heterogeneous nature of world or phenomenon
• Hegemony – the dominance of certain aspects of life and thought by the penetration of a dominant culture and its values into social life