New Media

What is AI?

Artificial intelligence is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans.

What is VR?

Virtual reality is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world. Applications of virtual reality include entertainment, education and business.

What is GPT-3 AI?

GPT-3 (Generative Pretrained Transformer 3) is a state-of-the-art language processing AI model developed by OpenAI. It is capable of generating human-like text and has a wide range of applications, including language translation, language modelling, and generating text for applications such as chatbots

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

In summary, this could be described as the changing nature of symbolic interaction and a lot of the work on this blog is essentially discussing this concept.

Time

Space

Speed

Control

Rate

Access

Quantity

Non-Linear

Collaboration

Advances

Quality

Opportunity

Storage

Retreival

The Medium is the Message – Marshall McLuhan

The Medium is the Message – a good theorist to quote in your exam.

“The medium is the message” is a phrase coined by the Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan and the name of the first chapter in his Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, published in 1964.

Marshall McLuhan meaning that the form of a medium embeds itself in the message, creating a symbiotic relationship by which the medium influences how the message is perceived.

He predicted the World Wide Web almost 30 years before it was invented.[13] He was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, though his influence began to wane in the early 1970s

Marshall McLuhan: The Medium is the Message: A way of understanding ‘technological determinism‘ the idea that it is the tool that shapes us, rather than us who shape the tool.

For many the role of technology is actually the most defining aspect of Media, for example Marshall McLuhan proposed in 1964 that the Medium was the message, or as he deliberately titled his book ‘The Media is the Massage’.  In other words, the medium (the technology) is more significant than anything else in determining meaning ie over companies, organisations, governments, individuals, representations, texts etc etc

Alex Krotoski – The idea of how our minds process information is interesting, with the suggestion that we do not think in a linear or sequential way, but associatively and sensorily, so that information is linked to patterns, consequences, almost like nodes of hyperlinked information.

shareactivecreativehost
example or comment
story

re-connectpersonalisestream
example or comment new media – Instagram stories on social media old media – access to a small number of channels
experiencestorescaleimmerse
example or comment
interfaceliveadaptbinge
example or commentwired headphones to blue tooth air podsold media – have to wait for weekly episodes
conversationre-performcirculateendless

example or comment
TOPICNOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’sthe impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)mental health
internet addiction? Choices made?
‘A world without consequences’
‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore VailThe Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop TheoryLoop Theory – predictive behaviour
But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling
)

Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment

Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard)

(Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’

The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar NumberThe Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150.
So who benefits from greater connectivity?
 Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bushassociative not linear thinking
the demise of long form reading

So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge.

Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim BernersLeethe inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhanThe Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

An average teenager spends around 7 hours and 22 minutes per day on the phone, whereas recommended screen time is set at no more than two hours max. Even tweens use their smartphones too much at 4 hours and 44 minutes per day.

18+ Teen & Kids Screen Time Statistics (2023)

https://headphonesaddict.com › teen-kids-screen-time-stati…

student B listened to 45,000 hours of Spotify in 2022

2021 report Jersey is number one for internet speed and connectivity globally

Clay Shirky argued audience behaviour has progressed from the passive consumption of media texts to a much more interactive experience with the products and each other. New digital technologies and social media has made connecting and collaborating incredibly easy.

B.F Skinner –

What is the Skinner theory?

The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment.

What caused the Cambridge Analytica scandal?

In its investigation, the ICO found that Facebook breached data protection laws by failing to keep users’ personal information secure, allowing Cambridge Analytica to harvest the data of up to 87 million people without their consent worldwide.

New media

What is AI?

Artificial intelligence leverages computers and machines to mimic the problem-solving and decision-making capabilities of the human mind.

What is VR?

Virtual reality is a simulated experience that employs pose tracking and 3D near-eye displays to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world.

What is GPT 3

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 is an autoregressive language model that uses deep learning to produce human-like text. Given an initial text as prompt, it will produce text that continues the prompt.

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

The change in media forms and association to it:

-Time

-Space

-Speed

-Control

-Rate

-Access

-Quantity

-Non linear

-Collaboration

-Quality

-Opportunity

-Revenue

-Commercialisation

-Storage

-Retrieval

shareactivecreativehost
example or commentMedia products have share options to reach larger audiences.A mindset to which people consume media with the intention to choose what you consume. Eg movie to relax
story

re-connectpersonalisestream
example or commentStories on social media which provides an insight to your life.New technology such as social media enables audiences to create an online persona of how they wat to be perceived.
experiencestorescaleimmerse
example or commentDevelopments such as VAR which makes you experience a ‘different reality’- escapism. Photos, texts and emails can be stored on devices
interfaceliveadaptbinge
example or commentTo consume a lot of media products at once. Eg Binge watch a series
conversationre-performcirculateendless

example or commentNew technology provides a more circulation of news providing quicker development of publicity or rumours.

Marshall McLuhan:

The Medium is the Message – a good theorist to quote in your exam.

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication”

By which he means that the important thing about media is not the messages they carry but the way the medium itself affects human consciousness and society at large. In other words owning a TV that we watch is more significant that anything we watch on it.

new media

AI- is artificial intelligence, which is machines that host a mass amount of intelligence to provide software that can reason on input and explain on output.

VR – is virtual reality, a fake reality is created showing a completely different place than where we are. This is used as a form of escapism

To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

In summary, this could be described as the changing nature of symbolic interaction and a lot of the work on this blog is essentially discussing this concept.

Cultural change

Speed of how things get sent

Access to things online

rate of things going on/ change

space of connection

control of what you see and watch through higher achy in media products

time

quantity of things you consume

quality of things you see

non linear

collaberation

opportunity

revenue

commertionalisation

storage

retrieval

advance

shareactivecreativehost
example or commentspreading images and videos to your friends and familythere is no limit to your imaginationyou can be centre of attention, if hosting a live stream, in order to create a mass media platform
story

re-connectpersonalisestream
example or commentcan locate people from the past and gain the connection you used to have with themaccepting cookies allows you to get ads personal for youcan go on a live stream and broadcast your life/day/game you’re playing
experiencestorescaleimmerse
example or commentphones can hold a lot of storage of your thingslose control of real life and become trapped in to this hyperreality/simulation
interfaceliveadaptbinge
example or commentlearning to use new devices and fit them into day to day lifewatching 10 hours of a show in 2 days
conversationre-performcirculateendless

new films, videos etc are constantly coming out on media platforms
example or commentcan have a conversation with someone across the world from you

Marshall McLuhan

McLuhan wrote a book called the medium is the messaged which was a deliberate paradoxical title.

The real message is the form for example a note in a bottle the medium is the bottle not the note therefore we take a closer interest in the bottle than we do the actual note itself.

you cannot understand the message without understanding the medium.

Understood the concept of global village as we are all connected through technology in this “village”

Alex Krotoski

she looks at the pioneering work of Vannevar Bush – ‘As we may Think‘ (1945) that describes a memory machine that would make knowledge (and thereby understanding?) more accessible.

Summary table for The Virtual Revolution episode 4

TOPICNOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’sthe impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)mental health
internet addiction? Choices made?
‘A world without consequences’
‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore VailThe Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop TheoryLoop Theory – predictive behaviour
But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling
)

Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment

Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard)

(Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’

The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar NumberThe Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150.
So who benefits from greater connectivity?
 Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bushassociative not linear thinking
the demise of long form reading

So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge.

Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim BernersLeethe inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhanThe Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions
https://wearesocial.com/au/blog/2022/01/digital-2022-another-year-of-bumper-growth/

media usage daily at the beginning of 2023 has become a second nature. For example people can have screen time on mobile devices that go over 24 hours.

Daily average of screen time can be shown, some days have more than others due to things like school and work.

The top 10 most downloaded apps worldwide in 2022 were:

  • TikTok.
  • Instagram.
  • Facebook.
  • WhatsApp.  83.6 percent of phone users have
  • Telegram.
  • Shopee.
  • Snapchat.
  • Messenger.

according to 24 hour movement guideline, in 2018 recommends 2 hours maximum online.

apps like Spotify track who you listen too across the year and give you a sum up in December for people you’ve listened to and what user percentage you are of listeners.

20-29 largest demographic user of social media- data reportal

in 2021 report that jersey is number 1 for internet speed and connectivity.

Over half the world have access to forms of media

Clay Shirky

Pro-technology as people can share, connect, collaborate and it is also a lot more interactive. Although he is aware of the risks due to new technology and the media he is for it due to educational purposes.

how to structure an essay

  1. Overview: New media always creates change (printing press, telegram etc)
  2. Q: so how has recent technology changed (society, individuals, organisations, ideas, beliefs etc etc)
  3. CSP 1 – show knowledge of CSP
  4. characteristics of new media (in reference to CSP 1)
  5. theoretical / conceptual analysis of new media (loop theory, network theory, Dunbar number, McLuhan, Krotoski)
  6. Critically thinking about new media (Baudrillard, McLuhan, Krotoski, B. F. Skinner, Zuboff, Lanier – are all essentially critical of new media technologies. But Gauntlett, Shirky, Jenkins are all very positive about new media technologies)
  7. CSP 2 – show knowledge
  8. Draw parallels and conclusions
  9. Suggest future pathways / developments

Some themes and discussion points from Great Hack:

  • The Exchange of Data – sharing data with people who you don’t completely know. – clay Shirky liking new media but also not trusting it due to not knowing how secure your data is.
  • Search for Truth – looking for what is right and what is truthful and not lies/made up
  • Behaviour Management
  • Propaganda / Persuasion – things like “join the army” persuading you to-do something even though it may not have originally crossed your mind
  • Regulation

Jaron Lanier

Computer scientist who looked at the behind the scenes of new media. He said that we are being manipulated, not by the companies themselves but by advertising companies who manipulate us to buy or even look at their products.

Shoshana Zuboff

wrote the surveillance age of capitalism which to me give off the impression that in this day and age we are always being watched, cctv or online things like find my iPhone show where people are and how many times you’ve been on Facebook as per say.

Social interactions have been lost due to new media. All anecdotal. social media can assume responses whereas in real life you cannot.

New Media

To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

In summary, this could be described as the changing nature of symbolic interaction and a lot of the work on this blog is essentially discussing this concept.

Impacts of New Technologies:

  • Speed
  • Knowledge
  • Time
  • Space
  • Understanding
  • Access
  • Participation
  • Reality
  • Privacy
  • Choice
  • Interactivity
  • Storage
  • Retrieval

share
activecreativehost
Posting links in messaging sites allows people to spread content and show it to othersAbility to leave like/dislike ratings on content allows audience to show their thoughtsPeople creating media content have the ability to change what they produce to their likingUsers can host various events online
story
re-connect
personalisestream
Stories can be told online and through various new communication mediumsFamily and friends who are distant or have been separated can communicate, transforming time and spacePeople often have the ability to make their lives unique to themStreaming video and radio is developing in popularity like never before
experiencestorescaleimmerse
Events can be experienced from the other side of the world, albeit virtuallyMassive amounts of file storage is provided in new media communication platformsThe scale and scope of new media platforms is larger than it has ever beenVirtual reality can immerse users in pseudo – real environments
interfaceliveadaptbinge
The various methods of interacting with new media platforms need accessible interfacesLive streams with little to no delay in relaying of events are becoming ever prevalentThe COVID – 19 pandemic forced us to adapt – and new media was a big part of that processNew media is so easily accessible that binge watching is common nowadays
conversationre-performcirculateendless
Conversations might be held using new media as often as in real lifeContent does not need to be re-performed; it is replayable an infinite amount of timesNew media provides platforms for content to circulate rapidlyThere is seemingly endless amounts of new media to consume

Key Theorist – Marshall Mcluhan

Technological Determinism – the idea that it is the tool that shapes us, rather than us who shape the tool.

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication” 

The idea and concept of using media transmission methods can be stimulating and therapeutic, and can cause addiction over time. The ability to use said transmission method and the form in which a message comes from can be more significant in meaning than what the message itself contains.

Jaron Lanier

An American computer scientist and one of the key people behind the rise of VR – written many nooks around social media and the addiction and manipulation which occurs therein.

He argues that companies are acquiring information on mass amounts of people in exchange for free services.

B. F. Skinner

Free will is an illusion as behaviour is either a reaction/response to your environment or is random.

NEW MEDIA
OLD MEDIA
COMMENT OR EXAMPLE
Active involvement

Passive involvement

Two-way conversationOne-way conversation
Open systemClosed system
TransparentOpaque
One-on-one marketingMass marketing
About MeAbout You
Brand and User-generated ContentProfessional content
Authentic contentPolished content
FREE platformPaid platform
Metric: EngagementMetric: Reach/ frequency
Actors: Users / InfluencersActors/ Celebrities
Community decision-makingEconomic decision-making
Unstructured communicationControlled communication
Real time creationPre-produced/ scheduled
Bottom-up strategyTop-down strategy
Informal languageFormal language

NEW MEDIA

AI (artificial intelligence)- demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans

Types of AI-  reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind, and self-aware AI.

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

In summary, this could be described as the changing nature of symbolic interaction and a lot of the work on this blog is essentially discussing this concept.

  • Speed
  • Knowledge
  • Time
  • Communication
  • Understanding
  • Access
  • Privacy
  • Choice
  • Interactivity
New Mediashareactivecreativehost
example or commentFacebook statusWidgetsRadio 1
story

re-connectpersonalisestream
example or commentTiktokSocial MediaMaking your own social media accounts/ For you page TiktokFootball/
World Cup
experiencestorescaleimmerse
example or commentApple store- download apps/ Contacts
interfaceliveadaptbinge
example or commentInstagramAdapting Apple
Iphone’s every year to fit with circumstances and modernisation
Top Boy (netflix)
conversationre-performcirculateendless

example or commentSnapchatElf YourselfNews

Marshall McLuhan- The Medium is the Message

 A way of understanding ‘technological determinism‘ the idea that it is the tool that shapes us, rather than us who shape the tool. “Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication”. Digital Prophecies.

 Are computers super-human beings or just processors?

Krotoski also looks at the network effect, ‘the constant loop of digital information’

TOPICNOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’sthe impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)mental health
internet addiction? Choices made?
‘A world without consequences’
‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection statsYet, today, there are over 5,300,000,000 internet users worldwide, and the average American spends about 23 hours a week on social media alone!- Tidio
42% of people have said that technology has made it harder to form social relationships- tidio
A 2017study in young adults aged 19–32 years found that people with higher social media use were more than three times as likely to feel socially isolated than those who did not use social media as often- medical news today
Additionally, a study of teenagers aged 15–16 found that those who had high digital media use had an increased chance of developing symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).- medical news today
2021 average use of internet user is 415.5 minutes per day (7 hours)-
Theodore VailNetwork effect
Norbert Weiner Loop TheoryLoop Theory – predictive behaviour
But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications? (pushing / pulling
)

Defined cybernetics as “the science of control and communications in the animal and machine.”

Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment

Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard)

(Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar NumberThe Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150.
So who benefits from greater connectivity?
 Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay ShirkyPro new media
Argued that audience behaviour has progressed from the passive consumption of media texts to a much more interactive experience with the products and each other, meaning that new digital technologies and social media has made connecting and collaborating incredibly easy.
Vannavar Bushassociative not linear thinking
the demise of long form reading

So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge.

Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim BernersLeethe inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhanThe Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

New Media

New Media: means of mass communication using digital technologies such as the internet.

The Neophiliac Perspective

Neophiliacs believe that new forms of media (e.g. social media) have led to an increased amount of choice for consumers and has also led to the revitalisation of democracy and democratic engagement

To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

In summary, this could be described as the changing nature of symbolic interaction and a lot of the work on this blog is essentially discussing this concept.

Dan Gillmor is a useful theorist to look at, you can read his book We Media by clicking on this link – provides an overview of how new media technologies have had an impact on relationship between citizens and government / institutional power.

media has transformed:

speed, knowledge, time, space. understanding, access, reality , privacy, choice, interactivity, storage, retrieval.


share
activecreativehost
can share media online with whoever you want.can create media easily, photoshop.users can host many events online.
story

re-connectpersonalisestream
example or commentcan create and or read stories onlinecan find people you haven’t seen in a while.can personalise any profiles.can stream anything you want online
experiencestorescaleimmerse
example or commentevents can be experienced across the globe. VR can improve the experience.can store data online, no hardware needed.the scale of the internet is the largest its ever been.VR can immerse users.
interfaceliveadaptbinge
example or commentcan view things as they happen livecovid 19 forced us to adapt and new media helped considerably.can watch whole shows whenever.
conversationre-performcirculateendless
can talk with whoever.can put media in circulation, social media.

Marshall McLuhan:

The Medium is the Message – a good theorist to quote in your exam.

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication” (p. 8: 1967)

Marshall McLuhan: The Medium is the Message: A way of understanding ‘technological determinism‘ the idea that it is the tool that shapes us, rather than us who shape the tool.

He predicted the World Wide Web almost 30 years before it was invented.

New Media

change and transformation

  • the transformation of social interaction and audience consumption (audiences);
  • the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  • the transformation of institutional structures (industry)
  • the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  • overall, the changing nature of symbolic interaction

share
activecreativehost
sharing between social media platformswidgets on home screen Radio 1
streamstory

re-connectpersonalise
Football/World CupTiktok stories social media allows people to reconnect old friends, family etccreating your own profile/ fyp and explore pages are personalised to your
immerseexperiencestorescale
example or commentsnapchat stores memories eg year ago today
bingeinterfaceliveadapt
TV programmes eg The CrownInstagram live
endlessconversationre-performcirculate
the internet – it is constantly expandingReddit allows people to discuss topics of interestelf yourselfnews

David Gillmor

examines how new media technologies have had an impact on relationship between citizens and government / institutional power

three key turning points in media:

  1. printing press
  2. radio broadcasting
  3. the internet

claims that prior to the internet, ‘large, arrogant institutions’ were able to control and manipulate the news, but the growth of media allowed ‘regular people’ to have a voice – ‘news was being produced by regular people who had something to say and show, and not solely by the “official” news organizations... This time, the first draft of history was being written, in part, by the former audience. It was possible—it was inevitable—because of new publishing tools available on the Intenet’

as a result, news consumption transforms from a lecture, into a conversation

he claims there are three major sectors in a world where anyone can make the news, despite their blurring into each other:

  1. journalists
  2. newsmakers
  3. the former audience

Marshall McLuhan – The Medium is the Message

studies the effects of mass media on thought and behaviour – he believes the medium is the message:

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication”

Its not about the content of the message, its about the form in which the message is expressed – the technology that transfers the message is what influences society, individual, family, leisure, family

does not suggest that the content is inconsequential, but when we pay to much attention to the content, we ignore the power of the form in shaping our experience – if you dont understand the medium, you dont understand the message

Essentially predicted the internet by claiming the world was entering a fourth, electronic age where everyone has access to the same info – he called it the ‘global village’

Alex Krotoski – The Virtual Revolution

we do not think in a linear or sequential way, but associatively and sensorily, so that information is linked to patterns, consequences, almost like nodes of hyperlinked information

TOPICNOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’sthe impact of new technology
expanded information access
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)mental health
internet addiction? Choices made?
‘A world without consequences’
‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats4.74 billion social media users around the world in October 2022
Worldwide, people spend an average of 2 hours and 27 minutes per day on social media
average use of internet per day is 7 hours a day
Nigeria, the Philippines, and Ghana spend the most amount of time on social media
Japan, North Korea, and the Netherlands spend the least amount of time on social media
on average USA check phone 344 times a day/ once every four minutes
73% of marketers believe marketing on social media is effective
Theodore VailThe Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop TheoryLoop Theory – predictive behaviour
But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling
)

Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment

Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard)

(Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’

Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar NumberThe Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150 – impossible for humans to have a genuine connection with over 150 people
shown in many primate groups
So who benefits from greater connectivity?
 Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bushassociative not linear thinking
the demise of long form reading

So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge.

Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim BernersLeethe inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhanThe Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

B. F. Skinner – Behaviourism

Considering free will to be an illusion, Skinner saw human action as dependent on consequences of previous actions, a theory he would articulate as the principle of reinforcement: If the consequences to an action are bad, there is a high chance the action will not be repeated; if the consequences are good, the probability of the action being repeated becomes stronger.

He calls this operant conditioning – the ability of a person to change their behaviour based on the use of a reinforcement. three types of responses

1. Neutral. These responses would not increase or decrease the probability that a behavior would be repeated.
2. Reinforcers. This type of response would increase the likelihood of a repetitive behavior. A reinforcer can be positive or negative to encourage the repetitive response.
3. Punishers. This is the response that would decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. The goal of a punishment is to weaken the behavior so it becomes less desirable in the future.

Jaron Lanier

believes that social media and companies like Facebook and Google are practicing behavior modification that harms the individual and society and undermines economic dignity.

Lanier is no longer a fan of how the digital utopia is coming along. He’s called it “digital Maoism” and accused tech giants like Facebook and Google of being “spy agencies”

highlights the dangers surrounding social media:

  • believes people are being subtly manipulated by algorithms as they change your behaviour
  • Society had been darkened by the surveillance and behaviour modification which has been imposed by advertisers online sense of uncertainty regarding what is real and what is fake
  • believes the companies internationally make social media addictive in order to manipulate the population through rewards and punishment (THINK ABOUT B. F. SKINNER) – EG rewards are gaining followers, punishments are receiving hate – allowing the advertisers to change the internet user’s behaviour
  • whilst you are watching/observing/reading social media, the social media is also watching/observing/reading you – they find patterns in your behaviour, allowing them to alter it

Shoshana Zuboff – The Age of Surveillance Capitalism

Surveillance capitalism – concept in political economics which denotes the widespread collection and commodification of personal data by corporations. This phenomenon is distinct from government surveillance, though the two can reinforce each other.

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ESSAY STRUCTURE

  1. Overview: New media always creates change (printing press, telegram etc)
  2. Q: so how has recent technology changed (society, individuals, organisations, ideas, beliefs etc etc)
  3. CSP 1 – show knowledge of CSP
  4. characteristics of new media (in reference to CSP 1)
  5. theoretical / conceptual analysis of new media (loop theory, network theory, Dunbar number, McLuhan, Krotoski)
  6. Critically thinking about new media (Baudrillard, McLuhan, Krotoski, B. F. Skinner, Zuboff, Lanier – are all essentially critical of new media technologies. But Gauntlett, Shirky, Jenkins are all very positive about new media technologies)
  7. CSP 2 – show knowledge
  8. Draw parallels and conclusions
  9. Suggest future pathways / developments

New Media

To start off with I would like to prioritise the notion of CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION as a way of thinking about NEW MEDIA which can be linked to the key ideas of a media syllabus. For example,

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

Key Words:

  • Access
  • Speed
  • Time
  • Storage
  • Feedback
  • Share
  • Space
  • Connectivity
  • Participation
  • Discover
  • Retrieval
  • Knowledge

activecreativehost
example or comment
story

re-connectpersonalisestream
example or commentTo re-connect with people over the internet from anywhere in the worldTo personalise specific adverts and series related to your likingTo consume content over the internet with a continuous flow
experiencestorescaleimmerse
example or commentData can be stored online rather than through hardware
shareliveadaptbinge
example or commentTo share media related contentTo watch something that is happening at almost the exact same time as it is being recordedTo constantly watch a series/ set of movies
conversationre-performcirculateendless

example or commentTo be able to speak to anyone around the world through media

Marshall McLuhan:

Marshall McLuhan’s theory of the medium is the message means that the important things about the media is not the messages they carry but the way the medium itself affects human consciousness and society at large. For example, owning a TV that we watch is more significant than anything we watch on it.

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication” 

B.F Skinner

The theory of B.F Skinner is that learning is a function of change in overt behaviour – changes in a persons behaviour are the results of an individuals response to events that occur in the environment. It is important because it played a key role in helping phycologists to understand how behaviour is learned.

Some themes and discussion points from Great Hack:

  • The Exchange of Data
  • Search for Truth
  • Behaviour Management
  • Propaganda / Persuasion
  • Regulation

New Media

New technologies allow for improvement with time, space, speed, control, rate, access, quantity, non-linear, collaboration, quality, opportunity, revenue, commercialisation.

SHAREACTIVECREATIVEHOST
example/commentI shared a news article to my parents
STORYRECONNECTPERSONALISESTREAM
example/commentI saw a gaming stream on Twitch
EXPERIENCESTORESCALEIMMERSE
example/commentI tried a virtual reality experienceI store photos and videos on my phone
INTERFACELIVEADAPTBINGE
example/commentI watched a football match live on my phoneI binge watched all of Game of Thrones
CONVERSATIONRE-PERFORMCIRCULATEENDLESS
example/commentI had a text conversation with my friend

Marshall McLuhan

Marshall McLuhan was a Canadian philosopher who proposed in 1964 that “the medium is the message“, basically meaning that the medium was more significant than anything else in determining meaning over companies, organisations, governments, individuals and representations.

Aleks Krotoski

TOPICNOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’sthe impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)mental health
internet addiction? Choices made?
‘A world without consequences’
‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore VailThe Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop TheoryLoop Theory – predictive behaviour
But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling
)

Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment

Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard)

(Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’

The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar NumberThe Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150.
So who benefits from greater connectivity?
 Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirky
Vannavar Bushassociative not linear thinking
the demise of long form reading

So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge.

Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim BernersLeethe inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhanThe Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

According to 24 Hour Movement Guideline they recommend 2 hours per day online, from 2018.

In a 2021 report, Jersey was the number 1 for internet speed and connectivity.

Clay Shirky

Clay Shirky is pro-technology and believes audience behaviour has progressed from the passive consumption of media texts to a much more interactive experience with the products and each other. New digital technologies and social media has made connecting and collaborating incredibly easy.

B. F. Skinner

B. F. Skinner believed that the concept of free will was an illusion and, instead, thought that all human action was the result of conditioning.

Remember to focus on key issues around new media – privacy, knowledge, understanding, education, friendship, behaviour, thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, politics, economics, employment, war, conflict, food, the environment, space, science (essentially social change)

  1. Overview: New media always creates change (printing press, telegram etc)
  2. Q: so how has recent technology changed (society, individuals, organisations, ideas, beliefs etc etc)
  3. CSP 1 – show knowledge of CSP
  4. characteristics of new media (in reference to CSP 1)
  5. theoretical / conceptual analysis of new media (loop theory, network theory, Dunbar number, McLuhan, Krotoski)
  6. Critically thinking about new media (Baudrillard, McLuhan, Krotoski, B. F. Skinner, Zuboff, Lanier – are all essentially critical of new media technologies. But Gauntlett, Shirky, Jenkins are all very positive about new media technologies)
  7. CSP 2 – show knowledge
  8. Draw parallels and conclusions
  9. Suggest future pathways / developments

Some themes and discussion points from The Great Hack:

  • The Exchange of Data – big companies (e.g. Facebook) buy/sell personal data
  • Search for Truth
  • Behaviour Management
  • Propaganda / Persuasion – they use the data to target certain communities to sell a message, passive media consumption
  • Regulation –

New Media

CHANGE & TRANSFORMATION

Social interaction is the process by which we act and react to those around us.

Our identities, the ways we see and represent ourselves shape how we communicate, what we communicate about, how we communicate with others and how we communicate about others. Hence identity, representation, culture and difference are all central to a Social Psychology of communication.

  1. the transformation of social interaction (audiences);
  2. the transformation of individual identity (audiences and representation);
  3. the transformation of institutional structures (industry); and the changes in textual content and structure (language).
  4. The transformation of audience consumption

There is a type of control happening through the years that let the people absorb what type of media they would like to consume. There is time shift between how the media allows the new technology to develop where they collect ideas on how to let if flow easily. There is some that are direct flows whereas you can see someone multi flow.

  1. Time
  2. space
  3. speed
  4. control
  5. Rate
  6. Access
  7. Quantity
  8. Non linear
  9. Calibration
  10. Advance
  11. Quality
  12. Opportunities
  13. New money
  14. Storage
  15. Retrieval

ShareActiveCreativeHost
example or commentExample: It is easy to upload pictures and share on social media
StoryRe-connectPersonaliseStream
example or commentExample: BBC tell daily stories of what is happening in the worldExample: Connect to Wi-Fi
ExperienceStoreScaleImmerse
example or commentExample: You can store memories on your phone or computer by taking pictures and uploading to a drive
InterfaceLiveAdaptBinge
example or commentExample: Can go live on a varies of different platforms including news reporters.Example: Can be more usefulExample: In the old days you would have to wait for each episode every week, now you can watch Netflix and watch the series all in one day
ConversationRe-performCirculateEndless
example or commentExample: You would normally have a physical conversation in the old days whereas now you can call someone and have a conversation through there

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate than by the content of the communication” 

A way of understanding ‘technological determinism‘ the idea that it is the tool that shapes us, rather than us who shape the tool. – Marshall McLuhan – The Medium is the Message

McLuhan adopted the term “massage” to denote the effect of numerous media in how they ‘massage’ the human sensorium.

By playing on words and using the term “massage,” McLuhan suggests that modern audiences enjoy mainstream media as soothing, enjoyable, and relaxing. However, the pleasure we find in this media is deceiving, as the changes between society and technology are incongruent, perpetuating an ‘Age of Anxiety’.

Consider a future device . . . which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.” – Vannevar Bush 

The idea of how our minds process information is interesting, with the suggestion that we do not think in a linear or sequential way, but associatively and sensorily, so that information is linked to patterns, consequences, almost like nodes of hyperlinked information. Krotoski also looks at the network effect, ‘the constant loop of digital information’ (Krotoski), which create a loop of action/reaction which allows for (companies to predict?) future action. This is an important concept for understanding how and why business masquerade their operations as personal interactions, which often appear to be ‘free’, but which can actually generate great reward.

TOPICNOTE / COMMENT
The Printing Press (Gutenburg) in the Medieval period mid 1400’sthe impact of new technology
Impact of new technology in South Korea as a result of promoting greater digital interaction (speed, connectivity, spread etc)mental health
internet addiction? Choices made?
‘A world without consequences’
‘Senses over meaning’
On-line / digital connection stats
Theodore VailThe Network effect
Norbert Weiner Loop TheoryLoop Theory – predictive behaviour
But is behaviour shaped and altered through networking and digital communications (pushing / pulling
)

Issues around privacy and individual psychology (mental health / wellbeing) and the environment

Virtual worlds / virtual identities (hypperreality, simulation, implosion – Jean Baudrillard)

(Judith Butler ‘gender performance / David Gauntlett, Anthony Giddens etc ‘fluid & multiple identities’

The
Robin Dunbar – The Dunbar NumberThe Dunbar number suggests that connectivity for individuals, communities or groups is typically 5 o 6, with an upper limit of 150.
So who benefits from greater connectivity?
 Companies, organisations, institutions – ‘small elites dominate’ (Andrew Kean)
Clay Shirkyhow our networks shape culture and vice versa, he is pro-technology as he believes new technology is share and to connect and develop.
Vannavar Bushassociative not linear thinking
the demise of long form reading

So changing rules for logic, rationality, truth, understanding, knowledge.

Baudrillard implosion (a culture imploding in on itself rather than expanding and developing?)
Tim Berners–Leethe inventor / creator of the World Wide Web – developed and given to everybody for free?!! Why? What did he hope it would achieve? Is he satisfied or disappointed with how it has developed and made an impact on society?
Marshall McLuhanThe Global Village – ‘a sophisticated interactive culture’
The impact on political and economic decision making
Conclusions, suggestions, reflections and predictions

A self hour site 24 hour movement guideless they recommend how many hours online from 2018 you should be 2 hours maximin online.

One thousand hours of people spend 2 hours on Spotify.

In 2021 report that jersey is number 1 for in connectivity for fastest online in the global.

Skinner

Skinner theorized that if a behaviour is followed by reinforcement, that behaviour is more likely to be repeated, but if it is followed by punishment, it is less likely to be repeated. Positive behaviours should be rewarded positively. Negative behaviours should not be rewarded or should be punished. 

Zuboff – Google and Facebook invented and transferred surveillance capitalism into “a new logic of accumulation”.