Noam Chomsky’s propaganda model: The propaganda model is a conceptual model in political economy advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky to explain how propaganda and systemic biases function in corporate mass media.

Noam chomsky describes himself as an anarcho – syndicalist and libertarian socialist and is considered to be a key intellectual figure within the left wing of politics of the uni

the 5 filters of mass media

structures of Ownership – is a Part of bigger conglomerates with an end game of profit. Push for what gets them that profit that’s their interest. Journalism comes second.

The role of advertising – Advertising products to earn money and profiting off the product, They are selling products but are also selling the audiences

Links with the establishment -the very system includes complicity. People who in power of the media will punish those who are against them. Companies who are all linked

Diversionary tactics – ‘Flak’- Getting rid of unwanted news, exposing the government, negativity surrounding patriarchy

Uniting against a ‘common enemy’ – your enemy’s enemy is your friend. Uniting against something we dont like

Agenda setting:

AGENDA SETTING -Media Agenda Setting, Politics Agenda Setting, and Public Agenda Setting

FRAMING – expands the research by focusing on the essence of the issues at hand rather than on a particular topic.

MYTH MAKING –

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION – Personal consumption expenditures are officially separated into three categories in the National Income and Product Accounts: durable goods, nondurable goods, and services.

Mass media: Mass media is communication, whether written, broadcast, or spoken that reaches a large audience.

-Television

-radio

-advertising

-movies

-the internet

-newspapers

-magazines

mass media is a significant force in modern culture.

autonomous area for public debate

the critical reflection fostered by letters and novels, the flowering of discussion in coffee houses and salons and above all the emergence of an independent market-based press.

public sphere – sharing together

private sphere- yourself

Avram Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historical essayist, social critic, and political activist.

Noam Chomsky’s theory of universal grammar says that we’re all born with an innate understanding of the way language works.

Noam Chomsky describes himself as an anarcho-syndicalist and libertarian socialist, and is considered to be a key intellectual figure within the left wing of politics of the United States.

Five filters of mass media:

1.Structures of ownership – overall aim is profit

2.The role of advertising – about consumer getting persuaded and consumed into the advert

3.Links with ‘The Establishment’

4.Diversionary tactics – ‘flak’ – distorting and manipulating media

5.Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

AGENDA SETTING

FRAMING

MYTH MAKING

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

5 filters of mass media

1.Structures of ownership

2.The role of advertising

3.Links with ‘The Establishment’

4.Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’

5.Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

Noam Chomsky’s theory of universal grammar says that we’re all born with an innate understanding of the way language works.

Chomsky is best known for his influence on linguistics, specifically, the development of transformational grammar. Chomsky believed that formal grammar was directly responsible for a person’s ability to understand and interpret mere utterances.

Chomsky’s theory proposes Universal Grammar is most active during the early biological period leading to maturity, which would help to explain why young children learn languages so easily, whilst adults find the process much more difficult.

Linguistic Theory was formed by Noam Chomsky

1. maybe there’s only a few companies. Mass medias endgame is profit.
2. Curran and Seaton’s theory questions? no critic thinking. They aren’t just selling you a product they’re also selling advertisers a product.
3. friends w someone in the industry. The system encourages simplicity. Big corporations know how to feed. Those in power and those who report on them are in trading with each other
4. persuaded think about something else. Discrediting sources undermining. Change perspective. the 5th filter is the common enemy you have one enemy to fear.

mass medias endgame is profit

AGENDA SETTING

FRAMING

MYTH MAKING

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

The media is not a transparent field in the word it has values and opinions just like us.

The Five Filters of Mass Media

1. The Structures of Ownership – A few companies or the same companies. Have connections or are connections to people already in power. Most are part of mass media conglomerates with the ultimate aim of making a profit. Critical of Curran and Seaton, do not want people educated.
2. The Role of Advertising – Selling products to us, no one wants to buy. Shortfall in economic relationship, compensated by advertising.
3. Links with ‘the established’- Have connections or are connections to people already in power
4. Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’. Diverting people’s attention. Discrediting, distorting, undermining, destroy, shift, manipulate. Change the focus, debate etc.
5. Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

A way in which the media set the agenda

AGENDA SETTING

FRAMING

MYTH MAKING

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

Noam Chomsky

A leftist who criticised the media.

His book ‘Manufacturing Consent’ established a

Structures of ownership

Maybe there’s is only a certain amount of companies.  Mass media firms are big corporations. Often, they are part of even bigger conglomerates. 

The role of advertising

 Media costs a lot more than consumers will ever pay. So who fills the gap? They are also selling advertisers a product 

Links with establishment

The establishment manages the media through the third filter, Governments, corporations, big institutions know how to play the media game, they know how to influence the news narrative.

Diversionary tactics- flak

Diversing someone’s attention, stray away from the consensus, they get ‘flak’. If you are challenging power you will be pushed.

Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

Manufacturing consent you need an enemy – Communism. Terrorists. Immigrants. A common enemy, a bogeyman to fear, helps corral public opinion.

Media setting an agenda

AGENDA SETTING

FRAMING

MYTH MAKING

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

‘Above all the emergence of an independent market based press.’

public sphere- Everyone i.e where the free discussion and debate of ideas occurs

private sphere- just you i.e where the free discussion and debate of ideas occurs

Curran studied the early 1800s era of media distribution, and described how newspapers were only producible by people with the wealth to manufacture products on an industrial scale.

The free market of media and newspapers means that the outcome of the products has the potential to be ultimately decided by the consumers themselves.

Curran and seatons theory was the power and media – power and media industries theory. Definition from OCR. A political economy approach to the media – arguing that patterns of ownership and control are the most significant factors in how the media operate.

what is OCR – OCR is Optical character recognition or optical character reader is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo or from subtitle text superimposed on an image. this relates back to Currans studies in the 1800s era of media distribution and how he said that it was only producible by people with wealth to manufacture it where as ocr is the use of printing machines and photocopying machines

with the emergence of an independent, market-based press, it created a new public engaged in critical political discussion.

The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action.  

The public sphere is an area in social life where individuals can come together to openly discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion influence political action.

‘Habermas argues that the development of early modern capitalism brought into being an autonomous arena of public debate.’

‘He makes the point that , the public sphere came to be dominated by an expanded state with organized economic interests’.

‘Created a new public engaged in critical political thinking’.

Habermas defined the public sphere as a virtual or imaginary community which does not necessarily exist in any identifiable space. In its ideal form, the public sphere is “made up of private people gathered together as a public and articulating the needs of society with the state”

what is the public sphere vs private sphere

The public sphere is where the free discussion and debate of ideas occurs, where as the private sphere is the realm of family life. Historically, women and people of color have often been excluded from participation in the public sphere in the United States

feminism within the public sphere – Central to the feminist perspective is that men dominate the public sphere whereas women are essentially relegated to the private sphere. This dichotomy has served to entrench the patriarchal system and ensure the oppression of women. For instance, women find it difficult to raise issues that impact upon them