A state-related institution which broadcasts TV, radio etc… to provide information, advice, or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profit. Often has no adverts and uses tax from TV licenses to fund their organisation. It ensures diversity in the media and plurality in news, and creates programming which reflects and examines wider society.
EG – BBC
Private/Capitalist Broadcasting
A privately owned corporation which broadcasts TV, radio etc… and is not so heavily observed by the state. They do not rely on the state to fund their organisation and instead relies on adverts.
EG – ITV
Transnational Corporations
an enterprise that is involved with the international production of goods or services, foreign investments, or income and asset management in more than one country. It sets up factories in developing countries as land and labour are cheaper there.
This form of globalisation conceals the circumstance that, at the end of the 20th century, a new form of imperialism emerged – this companies make use of and exploit the lower raw material and labour costs in under developed countries, allowing them to maximise their profits
It includes radio, television and many other media outlets which primary mission is public service.
The purpose of it is to entertain the public, culture, education and information. It ensures diversity in the media and programming reflecting on wider societies. Genuinely paid through tax by the public.
Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. In many countries of the world, funding comes from governments, especially via annual fees charged on receivers. Inform, educate and entertain.
what is the difference between private and public:
A public broadcaster is owned and supported by the general public. The TV license is paid by the general public, financing all of the general public broadcasters. A commercial broadcaster is privately owned and they finance themselves through advertisements.
channels:
The public service broadcasters are those providing Channel 3 services, Channel 4, Channel 5, S4C and the BBC. While all BBC public service television channels are PSB channels, only the main channels of each of the other public service broadcasters have this status.
Film industries are similar to other industries such as the food industry as they both sell things, they both have the same structure, i.e Production > Distribution > Consumption,
Industries such as film and games are consistently the same whereas industries like
Industries such as the food industry and pharmaceuticals are necessary whereas others like entertainment is not
newspapers, advertisements, television programs “play a pivotal role in the way in which people make sense of the world“
media such as the news is important as it shows what is going on outside of “your own world”
Public Service Media– Companies such as BBC who relies on tax for funding, which comes from viewers paying for Tv licenses
Private Media – Platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime and Disney Plus are examples of international private media
What are the differences and similarities between the culture industries and other industries? Show your understanding of PSB in your response.
A similarity between the culture industries and other industries(such as a bakery) is they both sell a product in return for profit. A difference would be in the culture industries it may be risky because producers may not know how their audience will react to the product meaning they might not make profit but on the other hand in other industries they know there is a sustainable audience for their product because its not as heavily reliant on opinion.
Golding and Murdock
“On the other hand it is equally that the goods they manufacture Tv, newspaper… play a pivotal role in organising the way people make sense of the world”
Public service Media- BBC (Tv license, involved with the government and heavily monitored by ‘offcom’)
What are the similarities and differences between the culture industries and other industries?
Similarities between the industries are that they all want to sell things and designate their products to different audiences they also adhere to the different stages benig production, distribution and consumption.
Differences between the industries are that the culture industries can convey lots of different ideas and meanings from their products, and there is a lot more variation of what can be sold.
“On the other hand, it is equally clear that the goods they manufacture – newspapers, advertisements, television programmes and feature films – play a pivotal role in organizing the images and discourses through which people make sense of the world. – Peter Golding and Graham Murdock
Commercial Media – ITV, Sky – Multi regional
Public Service Media – BBC – Regional
Transnational Media – Netflix, Amazon Prime – Global
Public Service Broadcasting
Public Service Broadcasting refers to broadcasting given to the public for entertainment or information free of charge, and is not created to make profits.
The ethos of the BBC is to inform, entertain and educate.
Capital is a public service broadcasting program from the BBC that satisfies the ethos being to inform, educate and entertain.
Curran and Seaton are two key theorists (talk about them in TV question). They say that “the media is controlled by a small number of companies that make products to create profit”.
Key Words
Cultural industries – a range of companies selling various media products.
Production – The process of a media product being made and created.
Distribution – The process of a media product being spread and delivered to people.
Exhibition / Consumption – The process of people getting use out of media products.
Media concentration
Conglomerates – Corporations of several different media businesses.
Globalisation (in terms of media ownership) – The process of spreading and distributing media products around the world.
Cultural imperialism –
Vertical Integration – Where one company takes control over multiple stages in the production, distribution or consumption of a product.
Horizontal Integration – Where one company takes control over multiple providers in one key process (production, distribution, consumption).
Mergers – When one company merges (comes together with) another.
Monopolies – When one company has control of an entire industry sector.
There are many varied similarities and differences between the creative industries and the cultural industries.
Most industries, such as finance or food, pretty much all do the exact same thing. A product or service will be provided and distributed and people expect it to be the same each time. No useful information is obtained from these industries.
The creative industries are always different, as this is what people expect from the products they make. These products help people develop a greater understanding of the world around them.
Public Service Media – Funded by government who charge for TV licences. (BBC)
Commercial Media – Funded by advertisements (ITV)
Transnational Media – Netflix
Public Service Broadcasting
The primary mission of public broadcasting is that of public service, speaking to and engaging as a citizen. The British model has been widely accepted as a universal definition. The model embodies the following principles:
Universal geographic accessibility
Universal appeal
Attention to minorities
Contribution to national identity and sense of community
Distance from vested interests
Direct funding and universality of payment
Competition in good programming rather than numbers
Guidelines that liberate rather than restrict
The public service ethos of the BBC to inform, entertain and educate is something that we should fiercely protect and fund properly.”
similarities – both businesses have the 3 elements, production distribution and consumption.
differences – more variety in culture industries
the cultural industry is clear that the goods they manufacture play a pivotal role in organising the images through which people make sense of the world – golding and murdock
The concept of “cultural industries” is more related to cultural heritage and traditional forms of creation, while “creative industries” includes the applied arts practices, innovations and generating profit and creation of jobs by creating intellectual property.
The cultural and creative industries refer to those parts of the modern economy where culture is produced and distributed through industrial means, applying the creativity of individuals and groups to the generation of original cultural product, which may have commercial value either through direct sale to consumers
A cultural industry (sometimes used synonymously with creative industries) is an economic field concerned with producing, reproducing, storing, and distributing cultural goods and services on industrial and commercial terms.
the industries have a massive impact on people and our world.
examples :
capitalist – commercial itv
transnational – netflix, prime distributed among different countries
public service – bbc
PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING
what is it ? – it is includes all electronic media outlets and its only function is public service. In many countries of the world, funding comes from governments, especially via annual fees charged on receivers (TV licence UK). Television and radio programmes that are broadcast to provide information, advice, or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profit: The channel is trying to reduce its obligations to produce public service broadcasting such as religious programmes. The public service ethos of the BBC to inform, entertain and educate is something that we should fiercely protect and fund properly.
Are the BBC and C4 unique examples of PSB?
The BBC is a public service broadcaster. This means that, in return for payment of a licence fee , the BBC provide viewers with a service of programmes with wide appeal that are guaranteed to conform to its public service remit to ‘inform, educate, and entertain.”
Channel 4 is a publicly-owned and commercially-funded UK Public Service Broadcaster (PSB), with a statutory remit to deliver high-quality, innovative, alternative content that challenges the status quo.
what’s the similarities and differences between culture industries and other industries?
culture industries take similar ideas from each other and at a unique twist to make it different, this means that people wont get bored as they are familiar with some parts of it, but are enticed by the differences. They are not the same, but they use very similar techniques and ideas to ensure that people are watching/ consuming them.
other industries like the finance industry all do the same thing with barely any difference. they all provide advice, loans etc.
they both try and sell stuff.
culture industries provide information and emotions
‘play a pivotal role in the way in which people make sense of the world’ – peter Golding and graham Murdock
commercial media – when a company is in no connection to the government and its purpose is to make money
public service media – when the government fund and regulate what the companies do
transnational media – when media can be sheared across nations
civil society media –
Public service broadcasting
= multi mediatelevision and radio programmes that are broadcast to provide (ethos) information, advice, education or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profit.
The general public pay for a tv license which is given to the government, the government then fund the production of the tv series and films.
