Monthly Archives: March 2022

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Exam Prep, Notes

Notes for essay

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  1. Cultural industries  
  2. Production
  3. Distribution
  4. Exhibition / Consumption
  5. Media concentration
  6. Conglomerates
  7. Globalisation (in terms of media ownership)
  8. Cultural imperialism
  9. Vertical Integration
  10. Horizontal Integration
  11. Mergers
  12. Monopolies
  13. Gatekeepers – A PSB can gatekeep what information and news get’s filtered through. Meaning they decide what media get’s consumed meaning they are able to control public ideas. BBC for example get to decide what info passes through and they have control over info and decide what the public get to know.
  14. Regulation
  15. Deregulation
  16. Free market
  17. Commodification  
  18. Convergence  
  19. Diversity   
  20. Innovation  
  • No offence is on All 4 meaning it is provided publicly through PSB meaning it is easily accessed, freely, by the public.
  • It is an original made through the UK, made and produced in London and features female protagonists, it has something for everyone
  1. David Hesmondhalgh – Who are they?

is among a range of academics who critically analyse the relationship between media work and the media industry. In his seminal book, The Culture Industries (Sage, 2019) he suggest that:

the distinctive organisational form of the cultural industries has considerable implications for the conditions under which symbolic creativity is carried out’

The Culture Industries (Sage, 2019, p.99)

2. Curran and Seaton. – Who are they?

3. Livingstone & Lunt – Who are they?

Pages: 1 2 3
Audience, Notes

audience notes

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Development of the Two Step Flow model of communication, which took account of the way in which mediated messages are not directly injected into the audience, but while also subject to noise, error, feedback etc, they are also filtered through opinion leaders, those who interpret media messages first and then relay them back to a bigger audience.

Think for example, of the role of the journalist or broadcaster whose job it is to inform the public. Think further about the role of key individuals in society, teachers, doctors, trade union leaders, your boss at work, parents, friends and family all of whom are capable of exerting an influence on the process of communication, making it subject to bias, interpretation, rejection, amplification, support and change.

Uses and Gratifications (active selection)

The distinction is this approach is rather than categorising the audience as passive consumers of messages, either directly from source, or from opinion leaders, this theory recognises the decision making process of the audience themselves. As Elihu Katz explains the Uses and Gratifications theory diverges from other media effect theories that question: what does media do to people?, to focus on: what do people do with media?

In essence, they put forward research to show that individual audience members are more active than had previously been thought and were actually key to the processes of selection, interpretation and feedback. In essence, individuals sought particular pleasures, uses and gratifications from individual media texts, which can be categorised as:

  1. information / education
  2. empathy and identity
  3. social interaction
  4. entertainment
  5. escapism

Or categorised as: diversion, personal relationships, personal identity and surveillance.

RESEARCH PRODUCT 1 (NAME)RESEARCH PRODUCT 2 (NAME)MY PRODUCT
UNDERSTANDING SELFbrief description here as explanationbrief description here as explanation
ENJOYMENTbrief description here as explanationbrief description here as explanation
ESCAPISMbrief description here as explanationbrief description here as explanationbrief description here as explanation
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE WORLDbrief description here as explanationbrief description here as explanation
SELF CONFIDENCE, SELF ESTEEMbrief description here as explanation
STRENGTHEN CONNECTIONS WITH FAMILY AND/OR FRIENDSbrief description here as explanationbrief description here as explanation
ANY OTHER CATEGORY OR THEMEbrief description here as explanationbrief description here as explanation
Exam Prep

key words

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Key words:

  1. Cultural industries  
  2. Production
  3. Distribution
  4. Exhibition / Consumption
  5. Media concentration
  6. Conglomerates
  7. Globalisation (in terms of media ownership)
  8. Cultural imperialism
  9. Vertical Integration
  10. Horizontal Integration
  11. Mergers
  12. Monopolies
  13. Gatekeepers
  14. Regulation
  15. Deregulation
  16. Free market
  17. Commodification  
  18. Convergence  
  19. Diversity   
  20. Innovation

Cultural industries are different to other industries as they’re organised around money and other industries are creative industries where as the cultural industry is not.

3 different types of ownership.

  • Capitalist Media – Corporations – make money by selling ads
  • Public Service Media – State Controlled – make money by government paying.
  • Civil Society Media – Citizen Controlled
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television

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What is the difference between the culture industries and other industries?

The difference between the culture industries and industries is that other industries are important for day to day life whilst creative industries are made for entertainment purposes.

Both industries make profit

“A pivotal role in organizing the images and discourses through which people make sense of the world.”

The benefit of transnational media corporations is that it can be accessible around the world and can get more viewers and money, it can be more diverse in programmes.

Media language:

  • How the different modes and language associated with different media forms communicate multiple meanings
  • The codes and conventions of media forms and products, including the processes through which media language develops as genre
  • How audiences respond to and interpret the above aspects of media language develops as genre
  • How audiences respond to and interpret the above aspects of media language
  • The way media language incorporates viewpoints and ideologies

Representations:

  • The processes which lead media producers to make choices about how to r

public service broadcasting:

what is it?

Television and radio programmes that are broadcast to provide information, advice or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profit

Why is public television important?

Research shows that people exposed to news on public television are better-informed than those exposed to news on private TV

informed, educate and entertainment

The government want to get rid of BBC

Curran and Seaton:

curran and seaton argue that the prohibitive costs and risks associated with the production of media products has resulted in the organisation of media companies into verically and hor

Uncategorized

Key information

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culture industries and other industries definition:

companies that make culture such as films, posters, radio and everything that is creative industries. Other industries are companies that make stuff, such as pencils etc.

Culture, communications and political economy

Peter Golding and Graham Murdock

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Public service broadcasting

One way to think about national television, which seems to connect all 3 (pairs of) case studies for this CSP is the notion of Public Service Broadcasting.

What is it?

Public service broadcasting consists of television and radio programmes supplied by an official or government organization for everyone, rather than by a commercial company. Not for a profit.

Are the BBC and C4 unique examples of PSB?

The public service broadcasters are those providing Channel 3 services, Channel 4, Channel 5, S4C and the BBC.

What’s good about it?

Public Service Broadcasting also creates a distinct civic value through empowering the public to participate in democratic processes, by informing individuals about the world around them, raising awareness of issues that affect their lives and communities, and fostering audiences’ sense of their own place in public.

Inform, create and entertain.

Uncategorized

Public Service Broadcasting

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Public service broadcasting consists of television and radio programmes supplied by an official or government organization, rather than by a commercial company. Such programmes often provide information or education, as well as entertainment.

The BBC and Channel 4 are non-profit media organisations that are editorially independent from governments and private companies and have a public service remit and rely on the government for funding

it is an organisation for every one

the ethos of the bbec is to inform entertain and educate

Exam Prep, Notes, Television

Television Notes

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Public Service Broadcasting

Broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests. Funded by a licence fee and does not sell advertising time.

Educate, Inform, Entertain – BBC Ethos

BBC is easily accessible.

Capital – Not on BBC iPlayer but found on Amazon and needs to be paid for.

Curran and Seaton

Key Terms:

  1. Cultural industries –
  2. Production – the making of a motion picture, television show, video, commercial, Internet video, or other viewable programming provided to viewers.
  3. Distribution – methods, by any means, for the publication, transmission, dissemination, distribution and/or delivery of Marketing Media, to spread the product throughout the marketplace such that a large number of people can buy it.
  4. Exhibition / Consumption – content audience reads, views and/or listens to information and data related to your business and marketing.
  5. Media concentration –
  6. Conglomerates –
  7. Globalisation (in terms of media ownership) –
  8. Cultural imperialism –
  9. Vertical Integration –
  10. Horizontal Integration –
  11. Mergers –
  12. Monopolies –
  13. Gatekeepers –
  14. Regulation –
  15. Deregulation –
  16. Free market –
  17. Commodification –  
  18. Convergence –  
  19. Diversity –   
  20. Innovation –  

Uncategorized

media notes

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Media Audiences

Information from the board about audience for you to reflect upon:

  1. Look at the advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for your chosen CSP TV series and think about how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences across local, national and global scales.
  2. This means that different audiences interpretations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances – which provide an insight into audience similarities and differences across local, national and global audiences.
  3. The production, distribution and exhibition of many television shows how audiences can be reached, both on a national and global scale, through different media technologies and platforms, moving from the national to transnational through broadcast and digital technologies.

Key Thinkers

  1. David Hesmondhalgh

2. Curran and Seaton.

3. Livingstone & Lunt

public service broadcasting

public service broadcasting is a multi-media platform that is open to the public and that the forms of media are different such as raidio and television its purpose is for world wide publishing for the the public and not commercial which is limited to the select view its a media that cultures to its audience eg the public

The public service ethos of the BBC to inform, entertain and educate is something that we should fiercely protect and fund properly

Curran and Seaton talks about the UK media is under control of a handful of global media conglomerates. they also talk about the short lifespan of media due to the money that is needed and is driven by the twin forces creativity and business and the thin line that seperates the two

Exam Prep, Uncategorized

csp / psb

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https://www.mindmeister.com/map/2218966282

???? cost, how long it took to make

all businesses follow produce – distribute-consumption

Public Service Broadcasting

What is it? Involves radio, television and other media outlets whose primary mission is public service.  It ensures diversity in the media and plurality in news, and creates programming which reflects and examines wider society

“ethos of the BBC is to inform, entertain and educate”

,BBC

Channel 4 Corporation was set up by an Act of Parliament. It is a publicly owned not-for-profit corporation and does not have any shareholder. So it is public and private owned (Mixed Model)

What’s good about BBC? Almost free, easy to access, wide variety of programs, not overly commercial.

  • Cultural industries  – Cultural industry refers to the various businesses that produce, distribute, market or sell products that belong categorically in creative arts. Such products could include clothing, decorative material for homes, books, movies, television programs, or music.
  • Production–
  • Distribution
  • Exhibition / Consumption
  • Media concentration
  • Conglomerates– a multi-industry company – i.e., a combination of multiple business entities operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.
  • Globalisation (in terms of media ownership)
  • Cultural imperialism– the imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another nondominant community.
  • Vertical Integration– Distribution company buying a Production Company
  • Horizontal Integration– Production company buying a Production company
  • Mergers-an agreement that unites two existing companies into one new company (i.e Heinz Co and Kraft Foods Group Inc merged their business to become Kraft Heinz Company)
  • Monopolies
  • Gatekeepers
  • Regulation
  • Deregulation
  • Free market
  • Commodification  
  • Convergence  
  • Diversity   
  • Innovation  

Two Step Flow of Communication (active consumption)

“What is significant here is that this theory suggests that the audience are ACTIVE NOT PASSIVE, in that audience consumption is based on consideration of what others think not a PASSIVE process of unthinking”

Exam Prep, Notes, Television

THREE TYPES OF MEDIA OWNERSHIP (PSB)

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THREE TYPES OF MEDIA OWNERSHIP

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Fuchs, C ‘Reading Marx in the Information Age’ Routledge 2016
  • Capitalist Media
    corporations content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning-making.
  • Public service media
    state-related institutions
    Content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning-making.
  • Civil society media
    Citizen-control

Commercial Media – ITV, Sky TV

Transnational Media – Netflix, Amazon Prime – Global

Public Service Media – Companies such as BBC who relies on tax for funding, which comes from viewers paying for Tv licenses

Public Service Broadcasting

  1. What is it? — It is includes all electronic media outlets and its only function is public service. In many countries of the world, funding comes from governments, especially via annual fees charged on receivers (TV licence UK)

BBC – Delivering impartial and trusted news, UK-originated programmes and distinctive content.

  • Inform, entertain and educate – A PSB has standards it has to live up to.

2. Are The BBC and C4 unique examples of PSB?

Both of these are unique as it has a full focus on public service.

3. What’s good about it?

  • No advertisements
  • Diverse, many different types of free consumable media; shows, news, music, etc
  • A part of a culture and national identity of UK
  • Critical of the government

4. Criticism for it

  • You have to pay for it through taxations (TV licence)
  • Doesn’t always have something for everyone at all times, not always appealing to everyone
  • Is it really fully truthful and unbiased — Involvement by the government?

5. Extra Info

  • No offence is on All 4 meaning it is provided publicly through PSB meaning it is easily accessed, freely, by the public.
  • It is an original made through the UK, made and produced in London and features female protagonists, it has something for everyone