- Cultural industries = The various businesses that produce, distribute, market or sell products that belong categorically in creative arts
- Production =
- Distribution = The act of promoting content online audiences in multiple media formats through various channels
- Exhibition / Consumption =
- Media concentration = Is the ownership of the mass media by fewer individuals
- Conglomerates =
- Globalisation (in terms of media ownership)
- Cultural imperialism
- Vertical Integration
- Horizontal Integration
- Mergers
- Monopolies
- Gatekeepers
- Regulation
- Deregulation
- Free market
- Commodification
- Convergence
- Diversity
- Innovation
TV Purposes
- Information / education
- Empathy and Identity
- Social interaction
- Entertainment
- Escapism
Katz, Gurevitch & Haas (1973)
A) Personal needs
- 1. Understanding self
- 2. Enjoyment
- 3. Escapism
B) Social needs
- Knowledge about the world
- Self confidence, stability, self – esteem
- Strengthen connections with family
- Strengthen connection with friends
Three types of media ownership
Capitalist media: Corporations content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning-making
Public service media: State-related institutions, content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning – making
Civil society media: Citizen – control, content that addresses humans in various social roles and result in meaning – making
It can be therefore difficult for public and civil society to exist in capitalism.
Components of Laswell’s model
WHO ———–> SENDER
SAYS WHAT ————> MESSAGE
CHANNEL —————————> MEDIUM
TO WHOM ————————————-> RECIEVER
WITH WHAT EFFECT ————————————–> FEEDBACK
David hesmondhalgh
Cultural industries – The media industry is a risky business
media businesses are reliant upon changing audience tastes continuously adapt making it incredibly difficult to produce material that guarantees satisfaction
products need the oxygen of publicity if they are to thrive , but controlling the messages delivered by reviewers or publicity partners of other companies is very difficult – even if such organisations are owned by the same parent company as the producer
media products have limited consumption capacity, unlike other businesses, films, television and music-based products to be consumed as ‘one off’ purchases. the ‘one off’ nature of production means that the huge sums of cash invested to create media products results in a one-time reward
Horizontal integration: acquiring media companies that operate in similar sectors enables large-scale institutions to achieve scale- based cost savings , while also allowing them to maximise profits by positioning brands so they don’t compete with one other
vertical integration