Key information

culture industries and other industries definition:

companies that make culture such as films, posters, radio and everything that is creative industries. Other industries are companies that make stuff, such as pencils etc.

Culture, communications and political economy

Peter Golding and Graham Murdock

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Public service broadcasting

One way to think about national television, which seems to connect all 3 (pairs of) case studies for this CSP is the notion of Public Service Broadcasting.

What is it?

Public service broadcasting consists of television and radio programmes supplied by an official or government organization for everyone, rather than by a commercial company. Not for a profit.

Are the BBC and C4 unique examples of PSB?

The public service broadcasters are those providing Channel 3 services, Channel 4, Channel 5, S4C and the BBC.

What’s good about it?

Public Service Broadcasting also creates a distinct civic value through empowering the public to participate in democratic processes, by informing individuals about the world around them, raising awareness of issues that affect their lives and communities, and fostering audiences’ sense of their own place in public.

Inform, create and entertain.

Public Service Broadcasting

Public service broadcasting consists of television and radio programmes supplied by an official or government organization, rather than by a commercial company. Such programmes often provide information or education, as well as entertainment.

The BBC and Channel 4 are non-profit media organisations that are editorially independent from governments and private companies and have a public service remit and rely on the government for funding

it is an organisation for every one

the ethos of the bbec is to inform entertain and educate

Television Notes

Public Service Broadcasting

Broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests. Funded by a licence fee and does not sell advertising time.

Educate, Inform, Entertain – BBC Ethos

BBC is easily accessible.

Capital – Not on BBC iPlayer but found on Amazon and needs to be paid for.

Curran and Seaton

Key Terms:

  1. Cultural industries –
  2. Production – the making of a motion picture, television show, video, commercial, Internet video, or other viewable programming provided to viewers.
  3. Distribution – methods, by any means, for the publication, transmission, dissemination, distribution and/or delivery of Marketing Media, to spread the product throughout the marketplace such that a large number of people can buy it.
  4. Exhibition / Consumption – content audience reads, views and/or listens to information and data related to your business and marketing.
  5. Media concentration –
  6. Conglomerates –
  7. Globalisation (in terms of media ownership) –
  8. Cultural imperialism –
  9. Vertical Integration –
  10. Horizontal Integration –
  11. Mergers –
  12. Monopolies –
  13. Gatekeepers –
  14. Regulation –
  15. Deregulation –
  16. Free market –
  17. Commodification –  
  18. Convergence –  
  19. Diversity –   
  20. Innovation –  

media notes

Media Audiences

Information from the board about audience for you to reflect upon:

  1. Look at the advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for your chosen CSP TV series and think about how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences across local, national and global scales.
  2. This means that different audiences interpretations reflect socialcultural and historical circumstances – which provide an insight into audience similarities and differences across local, national and global audiences.
  3. The productiondistribution and exhibition of many television shows how audiences can be reached, both on a national and global scale, through different media technologies and platforms, moving from the national to transnational through broadcast and digital technologies.

Key Thinkers

  1. David Hesmondhalgh

2. Curran and Seaton.

3. Livingstone & Lunt

public service broadcasting

public service broadcasting is a multi-media platform that is open to the public and that the forms of media are different such as raidio and television its purpose is for world wide publishing for the the public and not commercial which is limited to the select view its a media that cultures to its audience eg the public

The public service ethos of the BBC to inform, entertain and educate is something that we should fiercely protect and fund properly

Curran and Seaton talks about the UK media is under control of a handful of global media conglomerates. they also talk about the short lifespan of media due to the money that is needed and is driven by the twin forces creativity and business and the thin line that seperates the two

csp / psb

https://www.mindmeister.com/map/2218966282

???? cost, how long it took to make

all businesses follow produce – distribute-consumption

Public Service Broadcasting

What is it? Involves radio, television and other media outlets whose primary mission is public service.  It ensures diversity in the media and plurality in news, and creates programming which reflects and examines wider society

“ethos of the BBC is to inform, entertain and educate”

,BBC

Channel 4 Corporation was set up by an Act of Parliament. It is a publicly owned not-for-profit corporation and does not have any shareholder. So it is public and private owned (Mixed Model)

What’s good about BBC? Almost free, easy to access, wide variety of programs, not overly commercial.


  • Cultural industries  – Cultural industry refers to the various businesses that produce, distribute, market or sell products that belong categorically in creative arts. Such products could include clothing, decorative material for homes, books, movies, television programs, or music.
  • Production
  • Distribution
  • Exhibition / Consumption
  • Media concentration
  • Conglomerates– a multi-industry company – i.e., a combination of multiple business entities operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.
  • Globalisation (in terms of media ownership)
  • Cultural imperialism the imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another nondominant community.
  • Vertical Integration– Distribution company buying a Production Company
  • Horizontal Integration– Production company buying a Production company
  • Mergers-an agreement that unites two existing companies into one new company (i.e Heinz Co and Kraft Foods Group Inc merged their business to become Kraft Heinz Company)
  • Monopolies
  • Gatekeepers
  • Regulation
  • Deregulation
  • Free market
  • Commodification  
  • Convergence  
  • Diversity   
  • Innovation  

Two Step Flow of Communication (active consumption)

“What is significant here is that this theory suggests that the audience are ACTIVE NOT PASSIVE, in that audience consumption is based on consideration of what others think not a PASSIVE process of unthinking”

THREE TYPES OF MEDIA OWNERSHIP (PSB)

THREE TYPES OF MEDIA OWNERSHIP

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Fuchs, C ‘Reading Marx in the Information Age’ Routledge 2016
  • Capitalist Media
    corporations content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning-making.
  • Public service media
    state-related institutions
    Content that addresses humans in various social roles and results in meaning-making.
  • Civil society media
    Citizen-control

Commercial Media – ITV, Sky TV

Transnational Media – Netflix, Amazon Prime – Global

Public Service Media – Companies such as BBC who relies on tax for funding, which comes from viewers paying for Tv licenses

Public Service Broadcasting

  1. What is it? It is includes all electronic media outlets and its only function is public service. In many countries of the world, funding comes from governments, especially via annual fees charged on receivers (TV licence UK)

BBC – Delivering impartial and trusted news, UK-originated programmes and distinctive content.

  • Inform, entertain and educate – A PSB has standards it has to live up to.

2. Are The BBC and C4 unique examples of PSB?

Both of these are unique as it has a full focus on public service.

3. What’s good about it?

  • No advertisements
  • Diverse, many different types of free consumable media; shows, news, music, etc
  • A part of a culture and national identity of UK
  • Critical of the government

4. Criticism for it

  • You have to pay for it through taxations (TV licence)
  • Doesn’t always have something for everyone at all times, not always appealing to everyone
  • Is it really fully truthful and unbiased — Involvement by the government?

5. Extra Info

  • No offence is on All 4 meaning it is provided publicly through PSB meaning it is easily accessed, freely, by the public.
  • It is an original made through the UK, made and produced in London and features female protagonists, it has something for everyone

Television

Types of Broadcasting

Public Service Broadcasting

A state-related institution which broadcasts TV, radio etc… to provide information, advice, or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profit. Often has no adverts and uses tax from TV licenses to fund their organisation.  It ensures diversity in the media and plurality in news, and creates programming which reflects and examines wider society.

EG – BBC

Private/Capitalist Broadcasting

A privately owned corporation which broadcasts TV, radio etc… and is not so heavily observed by the state. They do not rely on the state to fund their organisation and instead relies on adverts.

EG – ITV

Transnational Corporations

an enterprise that is involved with the international production of goods or services, foreign investments, or income and asset management in more than one country. It sets up factories in developing countries as land and labour are cheaper there.

This form of globalisation conceals the circumstance that, at the end of the 20th century, a new form of imperialism emerged – this companies make use of and exploit the lower raw material and labour costs in under developed countries, allowing them to maximise their profits

public service broadcasting

What is it?

It includes radio, television and many other media outlets which primary mission is public service.

The purpose of it is to entertain the public, culture, education and information. It ensures diversity in the media and programming reflecting on wider societies. Genuinely paid through tax by the public.

public service broadcasting

Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. In many countries of the world, funding comes from governments, especially via annual fees charged on receivers. Inform, educate and entertain.

what is the difference between private and public:

A public broadcaster is owned and supported by the general public. The TV license is paid by the general public, financing all of the general public broadcasters. A commercial broadcaster is privately owned and they finance themselves through advertisements.

channels:

The public service broadcasters are those providing Channel 3 services, Channel 4, Channel 5, S4C and the BBC. While all BBC public service television channels are PSB channels, only the main channels of each of the other public service broadcasters have this status.