Judith Butler:

• our bodies or sex do not define our gendered identities. – we do not have to conform to society’s demands of being masculine or feminine.
• “our gendered identities are not naturally given but constructed through repetition and ritual.” 
• the media assists in the marginalisation of subversive identities through absent representations, abjection and parody. 
• the performance of gender trouble is a difficult, sometimes painful, process given the entrenched nature of heteronormativity. 
• contemporary culture reinforces a traditional gender binary- identities that fall outside of that binary are constructed as subversive. 

David Gauntlet:

• “Audiences realise they can change their identities”– David refers to Anthony Giddens’ theory who suggests “late- modernity” – where our identities are transitioning from the rigid stereotypes and starting to construct our own. 
• “Contemporary media practices mean that heteronormatitvity does not completely dominate”– showing how heterosexuality is not in complete control over society and that we are becoming a more inclusive community.
• Audiences are in control of the media – adapting and assimilating ideas about themselves through the various representation that the media presents.” – illustrating how audiences are collectively adapting cultural norms and adapting themselves to fit in to society.