Who – MacDonald’s

Says what – you may order a salad but you really want a MacDonald’s big mac

Channel– poster

To whom– anyone who sees the poster and eats salad

with what effect– to promote MacDonald’s and sell big macs

drawbacks – someone might not live near a MacDonald’s,

Who – L’OREAL Paris

Says what – men should hire more women in leadership roles

Channel– poster/magazine advert

To whom– men who run a business

with what effect– to promote women’s rights, sell their product and get men to hire women

drawbacks – men may not be attracted to the image as they aren’t interested in makeup

my product

Who – lady million perfume

Says what – if you want to be the lady with loads of men, wear lady million perfume

Channel– poster/magazine advert

To whom– women between 18 – 30

with what effect– to get women to buy the perfume

drawbacks – some women may be offended as they wont be happy that it promotes male validation to make a woman feel good.

beyonce

Paul Lazarfeld – Two Step Flow model of communication, which took account of the way in which mediated messages are not directly injected into the audience, but while also subject to noise, error, feedback etc