1. Male gaze: when media tries to appeal to a straight male by trying to represent things as they would see it.
2. Voyeurism: The act of prying into peoples personal lifestyle and affairs.
3. Patriarchy: patriarchy is a term to describe a society which is controlled by men.
4. Positive and negative stereotypes: a positive stereotype refers to a subjectively favourable belief held about a social group. Common examples of positive stereotypes are Asians with better math ability, African Americans with greater athletic ability, and women with being warmer and more communal. Whereas a negative stereotype a stereotype that describes the undesirable, objectionable, or unacceptable qualities and characteristics of members of a particular group or social category.
5. Counter-types: a positive stereotype and emphasizes the positive features about a person
6. Misrepresentation: a false statement of a material fact made by one party which affects the other party’s decision in agreeing to a contract. If the misrepresentation is discovered, the contract can be declared void and, depending on the situation, the adversely impacted party may seek damages.
7. Selective representation: Selective Representation is only showing (representing) some events/conflicts, not all, sometimes chosen based on importance, proximity to home, and viewer preference.
8. Dominant ideology: the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society.
9. Constructed reality: Sociologists generally accept that reality is different for each individual. The term social construction of reality refers to the theory that the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped partly by our interactions with others, as well as by our life experiences.
10. Hegemony: The process by which certain values and ways of thought promulgated through the mass media become dominant in society. It is seen in particular as reinforcing the capitalist system.
11. Audience positioning: Positioning is the relationships between the audience and the text, how an audience receives, reads and responds to a text. Producers consider very carefully how an audience might react to, or engage with, their text, based on how the text is encoded and decoded.

12. Fluidity of identity– fluid identity has the potential to change in many directions.

13. Constructed identity– identity is something that is personally constructed

14. Collective identity– the different identity groups in society

15. negotiated identity– the way in which you agree with others about identity

Male Gaze- The male gaze is the act of depicting women and the world, in the visual arts and in literature, from a masculine, heterosexual perspective that presents and represents women as sexual objects for the pleasure of the heterosexual male viewer.

Voyeurism – the practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.

Patriarchy – a male dominated society

Positive and negative stereotypes– refers to a subjectively favourable belief held about a social group. Common examples of positive stereotypes are Asians with better math ability, African Americans with greater athletic ability, and women with being warmer and more communal.

Counter-types– a positive stereotype that emphasizes the positive features about a person. An example of a countertype is that all religious people are kind.

Misrepresentation– A misrepresentation is a false statement of a material fact made by one party which affects the other party’s decision in agreeing to a contract. If the misrepresentation is discovered, the contract can be declared void and, depending on the situation, the adversely impacted party may seek damages.

Selective representation – In terms of media, Selective Representation is only showing (representing) some events/conflicts, not all, sometimes chosen based on importance, proximity to home, and viewer preference.

Dominant ideology – the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society.

Constructed reality – when people and groups interacting in a social system create, over time, concepts or mental representations of each other’s actions, and that these concepts eventually become habituated into reciprocal roles played by the actors in relation to each other.

Hegemony – media hegemony is a perceived process by which certain values and ways of thought promulgated through the mass media become dominant in society. It is seen in particular as reinforcing the capitalist system.

Audience positioning – Audience positioning refers to the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.

male gaze- the perspective of a notionally typical heterosexual man considered as embodied in the audience or intended audience for films and other visual media, characterized by a tendency to objectify or sexualize women

Voyeurism- an interest in observing unsuspecting people while they undress, are naked, or engage in sexual activities

Patriarchy-a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.

Positive and negative stereotypes

Counter-types- representation that highlights the positive features of a person or group.

Misrepresentation-the action or offence of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.

Selective representation-when some groups of people are represented more in government than others. 

Dominant ideology-Ideologies that are told to us repeatedly by important social institutions 

Constructed reality

Hegemony-leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others

Audience positioning-Audience positioning refers to the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.

Fluidity of identity-Having a fluid identity means having the ability to change how you see yourself, the world, and your actions.

Constructed identity-the way we construct our identity.

Collective identity- individuals’ sense of belonging to a group