Male gaze– the perspective of a notionally typical man considered as the intended audience for films and other visual media, characterized by a tendency to objectify or sexualize women.
Voyeurism– the practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.
Patriarchy– a system of society, family or government in which the eldest male is head of the family and the head is passed on to the next male, never the female.
Positive and negative stereotypes – The positive, socially accepted and negative, frowned upon aspects of different stereotypes. Positive examples could be men being good at sport and women being caring, whereas negative examples could be most Muslims being thought of as terrorists when in fact that is absolutely not the case.
Counter-types – An idea that challenges a traditional stereotype, for example a princess saving a prince.
Misrepresentation – False claims or ideas about how certain people of things that are not made by the people themselves. This can give others the wrong impressions and ideas about people.
Selective representation– the action or offence of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.
Dominant ideology– the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society.
Hegemony– leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.
Audience positioning– refers to the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.
Constructed reality – The term social construction of reality refers to the theory that the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped partly by our interactions with others, as well as by our life experiences.
Negotiated identity– refers to the processes through which perceivers come to agreements regarding the identities that targets are to assume in the interaction.
Collective identity– refers to all the affective aspects deriving from belonging to certain groups with which adolescents identify themselves and which place them within certain social categories such as ethnicity, nationality, or gender.
Fluidity of identity– Having a fluid identity means having the ability to change how you see yourself, the world, and your actions.
Constructed identity– individuals’ sense of belonging to a group.
