Male gaze – Looking at things through the eyes of a straight male, which can lead to sexualising and objectifying women.

Voyeurism – Gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.

Patriarchy – The belief that males are superior: a society dominated by men.

Positive and negative stereotypes – The positive, socially accepted and negative, frowned upon aspects of different stereotypes. Positive examples could be men being good at sport and women being caring, whereas negative examples could be most Muslims being thought of as terrorists when in fact that is absolutely not the case.

Counter-types – An idea that challenges a traditional stereotype, for example a princess saving a prince.

Misrepresentation – False claims or ideas about how certain people of things that are not made by the people themselves. This can give others the wrong impressions and ideas about people.

Selective representation – When certain groups or types of people are selected to feature in important positions more than others, for example when women weren’t allowed to vote at certain points in history.

Dominant ideology – Ideas, beliefs and opinions shared by the majority of people in society.

Constructed reality – When people interacting in society create mental beliefs about each other, and these concepts become somewhat reality out of habit.

Hegemony – Dominance or leadership of one specific group of people over others.

Audience positioning – How a designated audience might react to certain ideas, values or concepts.

David Gauntlett

Fluidity of identity – The concept of identity changing because of time, for example maturity or change of circumstances.

Constructed identity – The process of people developing ideas and beliefs about themselves.

Negotiated identity – The process of people fidning out “who is who” in society.

Collective identity – The idea of fitting into certain categories or groups, perhaps based on interests, gender or age.