- Male gaze: when media tries to appeal to a straight male by trying to represent things as they would see it.
- Voyeurism: The act of prying into peoples personal lifestyle and affairs.
- Patriarchy: patriarchy is a term to describe a society which is controlled by men.
- Positive and negative stereotypes: a positive stereotype refers to a subjectively favourable belief held about a social group. Common examples of positive stereotypes are Asians with better math ability, African Americans with greater athletic ability, and women with being warmer and more communal. Whereas a negative stereotype a stereotype that describes the undesirable, objectionable, or unacceptable qualities and characteristics of members of a particular group or social category.
- Counter-types: a positive stereotype and emphasizes the positive features about a person
- Misrepresentation: a false statement of a material fact made by one party which affects the other party’s decision in agreeing to a contract. If the misrepresentation is discovered, the contract can be declared void and, depending on the situation, the adversely impacted party may seek damages.
- Selective representation: Selective Representation is only showing (representing) some events/conflicts, not all, sometimes chosen based on importance, proximity to home, and viewer preference.
- Dominant ideology: the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society.
- Constructed reality: Sociologists generally accept that reality is different for each individual. The term social construction of reality refers to the theory that the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped partly by our interactions with others, as well as by our life experiences.
- Hegemony: The process by which certain values and ways of thought promulgated through the mass media become dominant in society. It is seen in particular as reinforcing the capitalist system.
- Audience positioning: Positioning is the relationships between the audience and the text, how an audience receives, reads and responds to a text. Producers consider very carefully how an audience might react to, or engage with, their text, based on how the text is encoded and decoded.
12. Fluidity of identity– fluid identity has the potential to change in many directions.
13. Constructed identity– identity is something that is personally constructed
14. Collective identity– the different identity groups in society
15. negotiated identity– the way in which you agree with others about identity