Male Gaze- The male gaze is the act of depicting women and the world, in the visual arts and in literature, from a masculine, heterosexual perspective that presents and represents women as sexual objects for the pleasure of the heterosexual male viewer.

Voyeurism – the practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.

Patriarchy – a male dominated society

Positive and negative stereotypes– refers to a subjectively favourable belief held about a social group. Common examples of positive stereotypes are Asians with better math ability, African Americans with greater athletic ability, and women with being warmer and more communal.

Counter-types– a positive stereotype that emphasizes the positive features about a person. An example of a countertype is that all religious people are kind.

Misrepresentation– A misrepresentation is a false statement of a material fact made by one party which affects the other party’s decision in agreeing to a contract. If the misrepresentation is discovered, the contract can be declared void and, depending on the situation, the adversely impacted party may seek damages.

Selective representation – In terms of media, Selective Representation is only showing (representing) some events/conflicts, not all, sometimes chosen based on importance, proximity to home, and viewer preference.

Dominant ideology – the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society.

Constructed reality – when people and groups interacting in a social system create, over time, concepts or mental representations of each other’s actions, and that these concepts eventually become habituated into reciprocal roles played by the actors in relation to each other.

Hegemony – media hegemony is a perceived process by which certain values and ways of thought promulgated through the mass media become dominant in society. It is seen in particular as reinforcing the capitalist system.

Audience positioning – Audience positioning refers to the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.