CS PIERCE

Icon: A sign which looks like a symbol

Index: A sign that has a link to its objects

Symbol: A sign that is more random look to its objects (colour, shape)

RONALD BARTHES:

Myth: how words and images are systematically used to communicate cultural and political meaning

Radical: something that challenges dominant ideas

Ideology: System of ideas which form basis of economic or political theory or policy

Reactionary: something that confirms dominant ideas

Signification: Structural levels of signification, representation or a specific meaning

paradigm: a typical example or pattern of something

syntagma: an orderly combination of interacting signifiers which forms a meaning of words

Denotation: The most basic or literal meaning of a sign

connotation: Secondary meaning cultural meaning of signs or signifying signs, signs that are used for a secondary meaning.

Semiotics:

code: symbolic tools that are used to create meaning

Convention: A way that something is done

Dominant signifier: any material that signifies words on a page or facial expressions

Anchorage: Words that go with an image that provides content and information.

Sign: Something that could stand for something else (words, drawings or photographs)

Ferdinand De Saussure:

Signified: The idea being evoked by signifier.

Signifier: Stands in for something else