Curran and Seaton’s power and media industries theory states that media products are owned by large conglomerates, resulting in a lack of creativity and thought. Blinded by the Light is an exception to this. It is an independent film, produced by Bend It Films, who aim to deliver “moving, inspiring and commercial” films to a global audience and “invite them to see the world from a new perspective”, especially from those “characters who are normally on the margins”. As Hesmondhalgh states, media is a risky business, and so one way in which Blinded by the Light attempts to reduce risk and maximise profit is through vertical and horizontal integration. They partnered with Levente Films, an independent motion picture company which develops, produces, and finances projects, as well as Ingenious Media which is “one of the largest independent investors in the UK’s creative sector” with an impressive record in financing critically and commercially successful films. Blinded by the Light premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival, this showcased their work to critics and most importantly distributors; New Line Cinema acquired US distribution rights while the UK rights were bought by Entertainment One. 

PSB

James Curran

Jean Seaton

Conglomerates

Vertical Integration

Regulation

Diversity

Interactivity

Diversity

Merger

BBC

Noam Chomsky

opening para:

War of the world created moral panic within their audiences due to the expectancy and uncertainty within the broadcast itself.

Newsbeat is broadcasted on the BBC during random intervals throughout the day and is targeted for young adults but has more recently seen an audience of over 20s.

Opening paragraph.

In this essay I want to highlight Stuart Halls theory of encoding and decoding to create an understanding of producer audience relationships.

Due to the BBC charter Newsbeat has a set of rules and expectations to follow for example on the 5th page of the charter it states that “The BBC’s Object is the fulfilment of its Mission” suggesting that producers can only promote ideas that fit within their objectives for the publics benefit. Whereas War of the worlds didn’t have a charter to base itself off and so Orsen Wells encoded and idea of an alien invasion which created moral panic within the public breaking the producer audience relationship as there was no trust in what was being broadcasted was true and believable.

…

War of the Worlds

Newsbeat

Radio	War of the Worlds	Newsbeat
Summary	Orson Welles’ adaption of “The War of the Worlds” provides a terrific introduction to the debate surrounding the media’s ability to influence the audience and shape our behaviour and beliefs. Performed live in 1938, the radio drama depicted a Martian invasion of earth, but the broadcast allegedly provoked widespread panic because many listeners thought the attack was real.	Broadcasting since 1973 on BBC Radio 1, Newsbeat promises its younger listeners all the news they need to know from the UK and around the world. The energetic presenters ensure complex issues remain accessible to the target audience through their informal mode of address, interactive games, and audience participation, but can this traditional format continue to compete against podcasts and streaming apps?
Key Facts	Although the story of interplanetary warfare is typical of the science fiction genre, it was presented within the format of normal evening of radio programming.  There appears to be a routine report from the “Government Weather Bureau” about a “slight atmospheric disturbance” along the east coast of America. We are then “entertained by the music of Ramón Raquello and his orchestra” who are playing a tango from the Park Plaza Hotel. Even the “special bulletin from the Intercontinental Radio News”, which interrupts the music, met the expectations of the contemporary audience. First, “The War of the Worlds” was aired by Columbia Broadcasting Systems (CBS) – one of only two national broadcasters who were trusted by millions of listeners every day to deliver reliable and impartial news. It is also important to note that CBS frequently interrupted scheduled programmes to inform their listeners of the latest updates from Europe. In the weeks prior to “The War of the Worlds” episode, the network reported on Hitler’s continued occupation Czechoslovakia and the inevitability of another global conflict.	The BBC is the largest public service broadcaster in the UK. According to the regulator, Ofcom, PSBs are tasked with “delivering impartial and trusted news, UK-originated programmes and distinctive content”. The BBC’s mission is outlined in its charter. The corporation has to provide “impartial, high-quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain”. Newsbeat certainly satisfies these requirements with its focus on current affairs. The main fifteen-minute Newsbeat programmes are transmitted live over digital audio broadcast (DAB) frequencies at 12:45 and 17:45 during most weekdays. You can listen to the latest stories, entertainment gossip and sport headlines by tuning into Radio 1, 1Xtra and the Asian Network. This simultaneous transmission is known as a simulcast. There are also shorter bulletins broadcast throughout the day, usually at thirty-minute intervals.
Key Words	Moral Panic, Genre, Hybrid Genre, Narrative, Science fiction trope, Hypodermic needle theory, Gerbner, cultivaion theory, Reception Theory, Stuart Hall, Encoding, Decoding,	Reception Theory, Stuart Hall, Encoding, Decoding, the dominant, oppositional, and negotiated readings,
Talking Points	By incorporating these basic radio codes into the start of the script, it is clear the writers were trying to make the story sound plausible. According to Baudrillard’s simulation theory, this would be the first stage which is a “reflection of reality”. The New York Times reported “a wave of mass hysteria seized thousands of radio listeners” with some adults requiring “medical treatment for shock and hysteria”. Apparently, “thousands of persons” phoned different agencies “seeking advice on protective measures against the raids” The hypodermic needle theory suggests a media text can have a powerful and immediate effect on the passive audience. It would seem “The War of the Worlds” production supports this argument because so many terrified listeners, for example, “rushed out of their houses” to escape the “gas raid”. The mode of consumption could also explain their lack of awareness. Some listeners may not have been fully engaged with the message because the radio was only background noise while they did other things in the house. However, the special bulletins grabbed their attention long enough for them to think New York was being attacked.	The BBC is often accused of political bias because it seems to reinforce a more liberal ideology. There have been plenty of commentators and government ministers who have called for the institution to be defunded and forced into the private sector to compete against subscription services and other channels which rely on advertising revenues. These critics question why the public should pay a licence fee when we spend most of our time online.
Introductions

The Daily Mail: June 6th 2022 (https://www.tomorrowspapers.co.uk/daily-mail-front-page-2022-06-06/)
The “I”: June 6th 2022

The Daily Mail:

Surveillance:
Readers want to know what is happening in the world and newspapers try to provide the latest information about the most important stories of the day. The Daily Mail also has plenty of celebrity gossip, entertainment news, business reports, and comprehensive sports coverage to gratify our curiosity.

Gauntletts idea of constructed identity:
By following the inspirational stories and expert advice in these sections, we can improve our mental and physical health, enhance our finances, and keep our style up to date with their “fabulous fashion and beauty ideas”. Page 40 and 41 of the June 6th copy show an “inspire” page displaying cheap products like the “Trinny London, energise me lipgloss”. These can also be seen in the daily mail website with the sub-page “Beauty” as well as “Tv & Showbiz” etc.

Judith Butler Gender Performance:
On page 40 and 41, the pages are obviously targeted towards women, using woman as the models within the pages. As well as female writers being in control of what is featured on the pages, along with this, the “Beauty” page within the Daily mail website “categorised” under the “female” category. This links to how Judith Butler says that the typical performance or action represented by women involving beauty, makeup etc gives them the stereotypical view they have within the Daily Mail.

Hesmonhalgh theory of Profit/Currans idea that “newspapers are driven by imperatives of profit and power”:
This is evident by the fact that “The Daily Mail” covers soft news and hard news, by including a mid-way of both news’ consumers can enjoy each that they like. For example on the June 6th copy of the Daily Mail, the first 35 pages are relating to the late Queen Elizabeth ll, celebrating her 70 years of service for the UK. This news is something that a large majority of the UK can relate on and all enjoy, pushing more sales and happier customers. This displays Hesmondhalghs theory of minimising risk and maximising profits as “The Daily Mail” appealed to more audiences and therefore made more sales.

The “I”:

Key Words/Ideas:

• Moral Panic
• Jurgan Habermas
• Noam Chomsky
• Media Literacy
• Mean World Index
• Encoding
• Hypodermic Needle theory
• Uses and Gratifications
• Countertypes