What is meant by the term New Hollywood? (Consider how this links to the decline of the Hollywood Studio System of the Golden Age) 

After the decline within Hollywood studio system because of tv, new Hollywood was introduced. when the golden age of Hollywood was around it was all about the gangster films, however they became out dated and that’s why tv became more popular. New Hollywood was introduced, it is all about new and young movie producers creating new movements.

Name some of the films, directors and stars from this period. 

Stars:

Shelley Duvall

Al Pacino

Films:

Taxi Driver-1967

The Graduate-1967

Directors:

Billy Wilder

Alfred Hitchcock

What events were taking place in America around the period identified as the New Hollywood era of cinema?

• The Cold War
• Arms race
• Vietnam War
• Civil rights movement

The influence Of French New Wave 

•What is meant by the cinematic term French New Wave?

French new wave is a film movement that started in 1950s-1960s. reject the traditional style of old Hollywood film making/mainstream cinema. It is a youthful movement with young people who are passionate about film. Truffaut and Godard were film critics and decided to act on their own critiques themselves. French new wave focuses on the auteur (author in French) to get credits instead of the studio (e.g. warner brothers). working with low budgets as there are financial restrains of post ww2 France.

•What specific stylistic and structural elements are present in French New Wave Films?

• Dialogue was often improvised.
• Jump cuts (jump in time) camera does not move, rather than continuity editing (forgetting edits are happening because they flow).
• Location shooting, not using built set, this allows to get 360 shots and not having to move around sets.
• Handheld cameras (will have a feeling of a documentary eques style)
• Breaking 4th wall (actively engaging with the audience, actor looking down the camera)
• Fast paced music
• Natural lighting
• Deemphasised plot (not particular plot is being followed, does not tell story in chronological order, beginning, middle, end. could start with the end first).
• Use armature actors or people who have never acted before to get a sense of realism (they would improvise dialogue)

•Which directors and films from the French New Wave influenced Arthur Penn as he was making Bonnie and Clyde? Why do you think this was the case?

Jean-Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut influenced Arthur Penn when he was making Bonnie and Clyde. Mood changes very quickly. Blue grass music, banjo it is fast paced.

•Identify at least 2 scenes from Bonnie and Clyde where stylistic links are created with French New Wave cinema and say why this was the case.

This scene helps to show an attribute of French new wave, it includes natural lighting and natural weather (you can see the wind blowing in Bonnies Hair.

This happen sat the beginning of the film and vividly represents the unique jump cuts of the French new waves.

New Hollywood Style

1. How did New Hollywood directors like Penn approach film narratives.
   New Hollywood director were heavily influenced by the French New Wave directors such as Truffaut and Godard, they both came up with an interesting new way of editing and presenting a film. Penn was influenced by the feature of having a de-emphasised plot, Bonnie and Clyde represent this very well.
   
2. What is discontinuity editing?
   Discontinuity editing is when the audience visually notices a cut, because something about the cut calls attention to itself and it does not feel natural and seamless.
   
3. Why is this time in film production sometimes referred to as “The Rise of the Auteurs” in Hollywood?
   At this time in the film production it can be referred as “The Rise of the Auteurs” because this is when directors started to have their own distinct, original features. The word ‘Auteur/s’ translates author, Truffaut was one of the first people to be called this. He was a film critic and stated that films weren’t creative enough and they all started to look the same. This started a wave of new directors and discovering New Hollywood.

4.What is the lasting impact of the New Hollywood style on modern films?
The impact of New Hollywood has stuck closely with modern day films. Still to these days some directors are very individual so they stand out E.g Wes Anderson who is Ian own for is unique colour grading, bright colours.